{ "model": { "rank": 6665, "code": "thing-q186368", "model_id": "vr.tr.mutualism", "name": "mutualism", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a proposed ecological mutualism, assess evidence that each partner benefits, and judge which interventions could sustain or disrupt the relationship.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q186368/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "myrmecophily", "defensive mutualism", "myrmecochory", "cleaning symbiosis", "myrmecotrophy", "Phylacobium" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q186368", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186368", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:14:21Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08872-8cba-7e90-b52d-ac1164302ce5\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: mutualism\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 regis", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 57.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08872-8cc6-7430-b5dc-4398c9cc0eed\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: mutualism\nRegistry id: vr.tr.mutualism\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nCont" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q186368", "registryId": "vr.tr.mutualism", "name": "mutualism", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q186368/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.mutualism", "name": "mutualism", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a proposed ecological mutualism, assess evidence that each partner benefits, and judge which interventions could sustain or disrupt the relationship.", "definition": "In ecology, mutualism is an interaction between organisms of different species that produces a net fitness benefit for both partners under the conditions considered.", "scope_statement": "This model provisionally owns mutualism as an ecological interaction with net benefits to both partners under specified conditions; the registry label alone does not settle whether ecological mutualism or the political-economic doctrine was intended.", "in_scope": [ "Partner identities, interaction roles, and exchanged resources or services", "Evidence of net benefit to each partner relative to an explicit comparison", "Facultative or obligate dependence and the conditions under which these classifications apply", "Mechanisms that maintain reciprocal benefits despite partner conflict", "Changes in interaction outcomes across environments, life stages, and timescales" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Mutualism as a political-economic doctrine, pending registry sense clarification", "Complete organism, population, or ecosystem descriptions", "Competition, predation, parasitism, and commensalism except as alternative interaction outcomes", "Symbiosis considered independently of whether both partners benefit", "Human cooperation and reciprocal exchange without an explicit ecological application" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Evidence must support a positive net effect on each partner; a benefit to only one partner does not establish mutualism.", "Receiving a resource or service is insufficient if its costs erase the recipient's benefit.", "Close or persistent association alone does not establish mutualism, and a mutualistic interaction need not involve permanent physical association.", "Classification attaches to specified partners and conditions rather than treating a species as universally mutualistic.", "Intentional cooperation, equal gains, and simultaneous repayment are not required classification tests." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Partner identities and assessment levels", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named partners with individual, population, species, or lineage assessment level", "why_it_matters": "Benefits observed at one level cannot automatically establish benefits at another." }, { "name": "Interaction contribution", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Nutrition, transport, pollination, dispersal, protection, habitat provision, or another evidenced contribution", "why_it_matters": "Identifies what each partner provides and the mechanism proposed to benefit the other." }, { "name": "Net partner effect", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Separate effect estimate for each partner, with endpoint-specific units, comparison condition, uncertainty, and observation period", "why_it_matters": "Mutualism requires support for positive outcomes on both sides rather than a positive combined total." }, { "name": "Dependence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "For each partner: obligate, facultative, context-dependent, or unresolved; specify dependence on this partner or on a partner class", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes loss of a replaceable benefit from loss of a necessary ecological function." }, { "name": "Outcome classification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Supported mutualism, candidate mutualism, alternative interaction outcome, or unresolved, within stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incomplete evidence or changed conditions from being represented as settled reciprocal benefit." }, { "name": "Benefit-maintenance mechanism", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Partner choice, sanctions, repeated association, spatial coupling, direct shared benefit, other evidenced mechanism, or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of how beneficial contributions persist and where exploitation could destabilise them." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare a proposed interaction against explicit criteria for reciprocal net benefit.", "Identify missing evidence for either partner and specify an appropriate comparison.", "Trace how resources or services produce partner benefits and costs.", "Assess whether partner removal, substitution, or environmental change could alter the outcome.", "Define monitoring and intervention conditions tied to benefits for both partners." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "meaning-and-interaction-boundaries", "name": "Meaning and interaction boundaries", "description": "Establishes the intended sense of mutualism and the ecological interaction being assessed.", "rationale": "The registry lacks a definition, and neither the word mutualism nor an association between organisms uniquely establishes the intended concept.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition-and-usage", "name": "Definition and usage", "description": "Records the adopted definition, its provenance, and consequential differences between usages.", "findings": [ { "id": "adopted-mutualism-criterion", "name": "Adopted mutualism criterion", "description": "Record whose definition governs classification, including the required benefit endpoint and any restriction to interspecific relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the registry intend ecological mutualism, and which reference or research tradition supplies the adopted definition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "adopted-mutualism-criterion-q01" }, { "text": "Does that definition require fitness benefits, accept demographic or performance proxies, or restrict mutualism to different species?", "kind": "definition", "id": "adopted-mutualism-criterion-q02" }, { "text": "How does the adopted usage distinguish mutualism from symbiosis and cooperation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "adopted-mutualism-criterion-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "partners-and-interaction-unit", "name": "Partners and interaction unit", "description": "Bounds the partners, encounters, and biological levels to which a claim applies.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-partner-association", "name": "Bounded partner association", "description": "Identify the actual interacting partners and distinguish evidence about particular individuals from claims about populations or species.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organisms interact, at which life stages, and over what spatial and temporal extent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bounded-partner-association-q01" }, { "text": "Is the claim about a particular pair, interchangeable partner classes, or a network whose pairwise benefits remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-partner-association-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "reciprocal-benefit-evidence", "name": "Reciprocal benefit evidence", "description": "Tests whether the interaction produces a net positive outcome for each partner.", "rationale": "Observed exchange and co-occurrence can suggest mutualism without establishing its defining reciprocal benefits.", "layers": [ { "id": "contributions-and-costs", "name": "Contributions and costs", "description": "Connects each partner's contribution to the other's outcomes while accounting for costs.", "findings": [ { "id": "two-sided-benefit-pathway", "name": "Two-sided benefit pathway", "description": "Record each direction of benefit separately, including direct contributions, indirect effects, and associated costs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What does each partner provide, and through what observed mechanism does the other benefit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "two-sided-benefit-pathway-q01" }, { "text": "What resource, reproductive, exposure, or opportunity costs must be included for each partner?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "two-sided-benefit-pathway-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparisons-and-endpoints", "name": "Comparisons and endpoints", "description": "Makes benefit claims testable through explicit comparisons and biologically relevant endpoints.", "findings": [ { "id": "net-effect-estimates", "name": "Net effect estimates", "description": "Record separate effect estimates and uncertainty for both partners without assuming that short-term performance proves lifetime fitness benefit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Relative to absence of the interaction or a feasible alternative partner, how do survival, reproduction, or justified proxies change for each partner?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "net-effect-estimates-q01" }, { "text": "Which experiments or observations support those estimates, and how do they address environmental confounding and disturbance caused by partner removal?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "net-effect-estimates-q02" }, { "text": "Do the observation period and assessment level justify the claimed net benefit, or only a narrower provisional conclusion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "net-effect-estimates-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "dependence-and-context", "name": "Dependence and context", "description": "Describes when partners need the interaction and when its outcome changes.", "rationale": "A beneficial association can be replaceable, essential, or beneficial only under a limited set of conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "partner-dependence", "name": "Partner dependence", "description": "Separates each partner's dependence on a specific counterpart from dependence on the function it supplies.", "findings": [ { "id": "necessity-and-substitution", "name": "Necessity and substitution", "description": "Record whether each partner can persist or reproduce without the association and whether alternative partners or resources replace its contribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "For each partner, is the interaction necessary for survival or reproduction under the specified conditions, and what evidence establishes this?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "necessity-and-substitution-q01" }, { "text": "Does dependence concern this particular partner, a class of partners, or a function available through other means?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "necessity-and-substitution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-interaction-outcomes", "name": "Conditional interaction outcomes", "description": "Tracks changes in benefits and costs across ecological conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "outcome-transition-conditions", "name": "Outcome transition conditions", "description": "Record the environmental and biological conditions associated with positive, negligible, negative, or uncertain effects on each partner.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do resource availability, partner density, life stage, and third-party organisms change each partner's net effect?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "outcome-transition-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Under which observed conditions does the association cease to meet the adopted mutualism criterion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "outcome-transition-conditions-q02" }, { "text": "Which conditions require reassessment before a previously beneficial association is supported or expanded?", "kind": "action", "id": "outcome-transition-conditions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-intervention", "name": "Maintenance and intervention", "description": "Examines how reciprocal benefits persist and how proposed actions affect them.", "rationale": "Recognising mutualism does not establish its stability or show that increasing either partner will improve outcomes.", "layers": [ { "id": "conflict-and-persistence", "name": "Conflict and persistence", "description": "Records incentives and mechanisms affecting the continuation of beneficial contributions.", "findings": [ { "id": "benefit-maintenance-and-exploitation", "name": "Benefit maintenance and exploitation", "description": "Assess mechanisms that maintain contributions and evidence of partners receiving benefits while reducing their own contribution.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports partner choice, sanctions, repeated association, spatial coupling, or another mechanism maintaining contributions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "benefit-maintenance-and-exploitation-q01" }, { "text": "When a partner contributes less, how do its own outcome and the other partner's net benefit change?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "benefit-maintenance-and-exploitation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intervention-and-monitoring", "name": "Intervention and monitoring", "description": "Connects proposed management actions to measurable outcomes for both partners and affected neighbours.", "findings": [ { "id": "mutualism-sensitive-action", "name": "Mutualism-sensitive action", "description": "Evaluate partner protection, restoration, introduction, or removal against the conditions supporting reciprocal benefit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which proposed action addresses an evidenced constraint on partner contributions or access to benefits?", "kind": "action", "id": "mutualism-sensitive-action-q01" }, { "text": "What outcomes for both partners and affected nonpartners should trigger continuation, adjustment, or reversal of the action?", "kind": "action", "id": "mutualism-sensitive-action-q02" }, { "text": "Which measures distinguish restored reciprocal benefit from increased abundance of only one partner?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "mutualism-sensitive-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The ecological sense is assumed; the name and domain code alone do not exclude the political-economic sense.", "Obligate versus facultative describes dependence, while trophic, defensive and dispersive describe benefits; these categories overlap and dependence can differ between partners.", "Researchers differ in their use of symbiosis and in how they operationalize benefit; specifying the fitness measure, comparison, environment and timescale is essential." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Obligate mutualism", "Facultative mutualism", "Trophic mutualism", "Defensive mutualism", "Dispersive mutualism" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Managing pollination services in agriculture", "Using mycorrhizal associations to support plant nutrition", "Managing nitrogen-fixing associations between legumes and bacteria", "Restoring ecological communities by reestablishing beneficial species interactions", "Studying cooperation, partner choice and exploitation in evolution" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Effect of the partner on survival or reproductive success", "typical_range": "Positive for both partners in a mutualistic interaction; magnitude depends on the comparison and environmental conditions", "unit": "Study-specific survival probability, offspring count or relative fitness" }, { "quantity": "Dependence on the partner", "typical_range": "From facultative benefit to inability to complete the life cycle without the association", "unit": "No universal unit" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Partners may obtain benefits while providing reduced or no reciprocal benefit.", "Environmental changes can shift an interaction from mutualistic to neutral or harmful for one partner.", "Loss of an obligate partner can prevent reproduction or survival.", "Changes in partner abundance or timing can disrupt benefits.", "Short-term gains in growth or resource acquisition can be mistaken for demonstrated net fitness benefits." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The same species interaction can differ in outcome across locations because resources, climate and alternative partners vary.", "Local communities differ in partner availability and the degree of specialization of mutualistic interactions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Commensalism", "difference": "One partner benefits while the other has no detectable net benefit or harm." }, { "name": "Parasitism", "difference": "One partner benefits at the other partner's expense." }, { "name": "Symbiosis", "difference": "In its broad ecological sense, symbiosis requires a close, persistent association but does not require benefits to both partners; mutualism need not involve persistent association." }, { "name": "Cooperation", "difference": "Cooperation can occur within a species, whereas ecological mutualism conventionally concerns different species." }, { "name": "Facilitation", "difference": "Facilitation describes a positive effect on another organism without necessarily establishing a reciprocal benefit." }, { "name": "Mutualism in political economy", "difference": "This is a separate sense concerning social and economic organization through reciprocity and mutual association, rather than an ecological interaction." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of mutualism this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.mutualism denote the ecological interaction or the political-economic doctrine, and what registry provenance resolves the ambiguity?", "Which authoritative definitions should govern the treatment of interspecific boundaries, fitness benefits, and performance proxies?", "What minimum evidence and uncertainty threshold should support a mutualism classification when one partner's lifetime outcomes are difficult to measure?", "How should the model represent associations whose benefits differ between individuals, populations, and evolutionary timescales?", "When should a multipartite association be assessed as a whole rather than decomposed into pairwise mutualisms?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a mutualism, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a proposed ecological mutualism, assess evidence that each partner benefits, and judge which interventions could sustain or disrupt the relationship.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: myrmecophily, defensive mutualism, myrmecochory, cleaning symbiosis, myrmecotrophy, Phylacobium.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a mutualism, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "myrmecophily", "defensive mutualism", "myrmecochory", "cleaning symbiosis", "myrmecotrophy", "Phylacobium" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one mutualism from another, and a mutualism from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a mutualism sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a mutualism from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a mutualism passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a mutualism between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a mutualism, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a mutualism is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a mutualism proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a mutualism, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a mutualism and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a mutualism consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a mutualism takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What mutualism is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of mutualism are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is mutualism operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of mutualism and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of mutualism?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as mutualism?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a mutualism came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a mutualism and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a mutualism is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a mutualism, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a mutualism, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a mutualism is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }