nausea
Enable an AI agent to recognise and characterise nausea as a reported experience, track its course and consequences, and identify appropriate assessment or support needs without assuming a cause.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an AI agent to recognise and characterise nausea as a reported experience, track its course and consequences, and identify appropriate assessment or support needs without assuming a cause.
Nausea is a subjective, unpleasant sensation of an urge to vomit that may occur with or without subsequent vomiting.
It can be Clarify whether a report of feeling sick refers to nausea.; Record and compare nausea ratings with their instruments, anchors and time windows.; Build an episode timeline linking nausea to vomiting, retching, exposures and activities.; Identify recurring associations for further assessment without assigning a diagnosis.; Summarise interference with intake and daily activities.; Track attempted relief and route assessment needs through an applicable clinical protocol..
Distinguishing features
A person can experience nausea without expelling stomach contents; vomiting is not required.
Nausea is a subjective experience; pallor, sweating or observed retching alone do not establish it.
An urge or sense of impending vomiting distinguishes nausea from isolated lack of appetite, fullness or abdominal pain, although descriptions can overlap.
A report of feeling sick requires clarification because it may mean nausea, general illness, disgust or a figurative reaction.
A cause can remain unknown while the experience is still recorded as nausea.
Scope
+ The person's description of nausea and the evidence supporting its identification
+ Episode onset, intensity, duration, recurrence and change
+ Temporal relationships with exposures, activities and accompanying symptoms
+ Effects on eating, drinking, activity and participation
+ Responses to attempted relief and unresolved assessment needs
- Vomiting and retching as distinct bodily events
- Diseases, pregnancy and other conditions that may explain nausea
- Medicines, their prescribing rules and treatment protocols
- Vertigo, dizziness, pain, reflux and appetite loss as separate experiences
- Disgust as an emotion and figurative uses of feeling sick
Characteristics
- Experience description
- Person's own wording, with clarified meaning Preserves the experience without forcing ambiguous language into a diagnosis.
- Evidence basis
- Direct self-report; supported self-report; proxy interpretation; behavioural observation; unknown Distinguishes experienced nausea from another person's inference.
- Current intensity
- Named instrument and its anchors, or explicitly anchored numerical or verbal scale Supports comparison while preventing unqualified mixing of different scales.
- Episode timing
- Onset timestamp, duration in minutes or hours, and stated recall window Distinguishes a momentary rating from an episode or retrospective summary.
- Temporal pattern
- Continuous; intermittent; recurrent episodes; uncertain Separates sustained discomfort from repeated attacks.
- Vomiting and retching relationship
- Absent, present or unknown; linked event timing before, during or after nausea Keeps related bodily events distinct while preserving their sequence.
- Suspected trigger relationship
- Exposure or activity, timing, recurrence and confidence in the association Records useful patterns without presenting temporal association as causation.
- Intake and participation impact
- Person-described effects on eating, drinking, sleep, movement, work and other activities Captures burden that intensity alone may miss.
- Response to attempted relief
- Action, time, baseline, follow-up interval, reported change and unwanted effects Allows relief attempts to be evaluated without assuming that improvement proves effectiveness.
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Also registered as vr.tr.nausea
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 19 findings · 29 questions.
Experience and boundaries Establishes what the person means by nausea and how that interpretation is supported.
Nausea is subjective, and common descriptions can refer to neighbouring experiences.
Felt experience
Preserves the person's description before assigning a symptom label.
Meaning of feeling sick
Record the sensations described, including any urge or expectation of vomiting and uncertainty about the label.
- What does feeling sick mean to this person, in their own words? definition
- Does the description concern nausea, or primarily fullness, reflux, pain, dizziness, disgust or general illness? boundary
Report and observation
Separates subjective testimony from observations and proxy interpretations.
Basis for identification
Identify who reported nausea, how communication occurred and whether observed signs were interpreted as evidence.
- Was nausea reported directly, communicated with assistance or inferred by someone else? provenance
- If self-report is unavailable, which observations support suspected nausea and what remains unconfirmed? boundary
Intensity and course Characterises how much nausea is experienced and how it unfolds.
A single severity label cannot represent fluctuating episodes, recurrence or differences between current and recalled experience.
Intensity assessment
Makes nausea ratings interpretable and comparable.
Anchored nausea rating
Record the rating method, anchors, respondent and whether the rating concerns current, average or worst nausea.
- Which scale and anchors were used, and what period does the rating describe? measurement
- Were successive ratings collected using a sufficiently consistent method to interpret change? measurement
Episode pattern
Represents onset, persistence, recurrence and symptom-free intervals.
Nausea timeline
Record episode boundaries as reported, including uncertainty and whether nausea fully resolves between episodes.
- When did nausea begin, how long does it last and how often does it recur? measurement
- Does nausea disappear between episodes, or does a persistent background experience remain? boundary
Associations and sequences Connects nausea with potential elicitors and accompanying events while preserving causal uncertainty.
Relationships with movement, meals, exposures and other symptoms can guide assessment, but do not establish an explanation.
Eliciting context
Captures what precedes or modifies nausea.
Suspected elicitors
Record reported associations with meals, motion, odours, medicines, procedures or anticipated situations, including inconsistent occurrences.
- Which exposure or situation preceded nausea, and what was the interval? measurement
- Is the proposed trigger a personal suspicion, a repeated observed association or a documented clinical assessment? provenance
Accompanying events
Links related symptoms and bodily events without merging them into nausea.
Vomiting, retching and other symptoms
Represent the presence, absence and sequence of vomiting, retching and other reported symptoms as separate linked observations.
- Did vomiting or retching occur, and did nausea precede, accompany or follow it? boundary
- Which other symptoms occurred, and how did their timing relate to nausea? measurement
Burden and adaptation Records how nausea affects intake, activity and choices.
The practical burden of nausea depends on what it prevents or changes as well as how intense it feels.
Eating and drinking
Separates nausea-related avoidance from appetite loss and inability to retain intake.
Intake interference
Record whether nausea changes willingness or ability to eat and drink, with vomiting-related losses represented separately.
- Has nausea reduced food or fluid intake, and over what period? measurement
- Is reduced intake attributed to nausea, absent appetite, swallowing difficulty or vomiting after intake? boundary
Daily participation
Captures activity limitations and adaptations made in response to nausea.
Activity interference and avoidance
Record interrupted activities and avoidance, distinguishing current discomfort from anticipation of recurrence.
- Which activities, journeys, tasks or periods of sleep has nausea disrupted? measurement
- Are activities being avoided because nausea is present or because its return is anticipated? boundary
Relief and assessment Supports evaluation of relief attempts and identification of needs for further assessment.
An agent needs to track what happened after an action and recognise the limits of a symptom record.
Relief response
Connects attempted relief with subsequent nausea and functional change.
Observed response to relief
Record actions such as resting, changing exposure or taking an already directed treatment, together with timing, response and concurrent changes.
- What was tried, when was it tried and how did nausea and activity tolerance change afterward? action
- What other changes or spontaneous fluctuations limit attributing improvement to that action? boundary
Assessment routing
Connects unresolved symptom concerns to an appropriate assessment process.
Protocol-grounded next step
Record persistence, intake concerns, accompanying symptoms and relevant context needed by an applicable clinical protocol; preserve unknowns instead of inventing triage thresholds.
- Which reported features require further assessment under the applicable clinical protocol? action
- Which protocol, version and care setting support the next step, and what required information is missing? provenance
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This describes the bodily symptom, not figurative nausea or existential unease.
- The listed kinds overlap: some classify duration, others context or cause; they are not a mutually exclusive taxonomy.
- Recalled without source consultation; verify current classification versions, diagnostic criteria and instrument-specific scoring before formal use.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Acute nausea
- Chronic nausea
- Anticipatory nausea
- Motion-induced nausea
- Chemotherapy-induced nausea
- Pregnancy-associated nausea
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- ICD-10-CM - R11.0 - Nausea; this is the United States clinical modification, and coding differs for nausea with vomiting.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- The US National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) includes severity grading for nausea.
- The Rome Foundation's Rome IV criteria define chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome among disorders of gut-brain interaction.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Recorded as a patient-reported symptom during clinical assessment.
- Monitored as an adverse effect of medicines, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and anesthesia.
- Used as an outcome when evaluating antiemetic treatments.
- Assessed alongside oral intake, vomiting and associated symptoms to characterize illness burden.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Patient-reported nausea intensity - 0-10 on a commonly used numerical rating scale, from no nausea to the worst nausea; anchors vary by instrument - score
- Patient-reported nausea intensity on a visual analogue scale - 0-100 on a commonly used 100 mm line - mm
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Persistent nausea can reduce food and fluid intake, contributing to dehydration and undernutrition.
- Nausea is nonspecific; treating it as a diagnosis can obscure an underlying cause.
- Counting vomiting episodes alone can miss substantial nausea and its effect on daily functioning.
- Subjective ratings depend on the instrument, recall period and individual's interpretation.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Diagnostic coding differs between the WHO ICD classification and national clinical modifications.
- Symptom descriptions and translated questionnaires may differ across languages and require validation.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Vomiting - Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth; nausea is a subjective sensation, and either can occur without the other.
- Retching - Retching involves coordinated muscular efforts resembling vomiting without expulsion of contents; nausea does not require these movements.
- Dyspepsia - Dyspepsia centers on upper abdominal symptoms such as postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain or burning; nausea may accompany it but is distinct.
- Motion sickness - Motion sickness is a syndrome provoked by motion or perceived motion; nausea is one possible component and has many other causes.
- Disgust - Disgust is an aversive emotional response that can provoke nausea but does not require an urge to vomit.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of nausea this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Which definitions best capture nausea when a person reports queasiness without an explicit urge or expectation of vomiting?
- Which nausea assessment instruments are appropriate across ages, languages, communication abilities and care settings, and when can their scores be compared?
- How should episode boundaries and meaningful improvement be defined for persistent, fluctuating nausea?
- What evidence supports behavioural or proxy assessments when direct self-report is unavailable?
- Which assessment protocols should govern escalation in each intended deployment setting?