{ "model": { "rank": 4737, "code": "thing-q187181", "model_id": "vr.tr.synapse", "name": "synapse", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a biological synapse, assess evidence about its structure and signaling state, and determine which observations or interventions are appropriate.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q187181/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse", "electrical synapse", "Mixed synapse", "neuroeffector junction", "inhibitory synapse", "GABA-ergic synapse", "glutamatergic synapse", "neuron to neuron synapse", "cholinergic synapse", "tripartite synapse", "dendrodendritic synapse", "polyadic synapse", "noradrenergic synapse", "dopaminergic synapse", "glycinergic synapse", "Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse", "serotonergic synapse", "Autapse", "cerebellar Golgi cell to granule cell synapse", "excitatory synapse", "perforant pathway to dendrate granule cell synapse", "ribbon synapse", "neuromuscular junction", "gap junction of cardiac myocyte", "gap junction of non-striated myocyte", "inhibitory neuromuscular junction", "excitatory neuromuscular junction", "parallel fiber to Purkinje cell synapse", "photoreceptor ribbon synapse", "cochlear hair cell ribbon synapse", "motor endplate", "neuromuscular junction of myotube", "neuromuscular junction of somatic muscle" ], "aliasCount": 33, "merged": 33, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q187181", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187181", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:53:46Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f1-e464-7cc1-b87f-dfc28bc3a007\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: synapse\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 54.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f1-e45b-7731-94d1-6a60d12a8b38\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: synapse\nRegistry id: vr.tr.synapse\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q187181", "registryId": "vr.tr.synapse", "name": "synapse", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q187181/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.synapse", "name": "synapse", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a biological synapse, assess evidence about its structure and signaling state, and determine which observations or interventions are appropriate.", "definition": "A synapse is a specialized junction through which a neuron communicates with another neuron or an effector cell, such as a muscle or gland cell, by chemical neurotransmission, direct electrical coupling, or both.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the synapse as a specialized junction for communication between a neuron and another neuron or effector cell, covering chemical and electrical forms and distinguishing an individual junction from its participating cells and wider circuit.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical and electrical synaptic junctions involving neurons", "Identity and spatial relationship of participating cells and their contact sites", "Local structures and molecular machinery supporting synaptic communication", "Transmission properties, functional state, and activity-dependent change", "Formation, maintenance, remodeling, and elimination of individual synaptic contacts" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-neuron morphology, excitability, and intracellular signaling beyond their local synaptic contribution", "Neural circuit organization and behavior beyond the junction's recorded circuit relationships", "Neurotransmitters, receptors, and channels as independent molecular entities", "Immune synapses between immune cells and their targets", "Artificial synapses in neuromorphic hardware or computational models", "Diseases, treatments, and experimental protocols as independent entities" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A neuronal synapse requires evidence of a specialized communication junction; proximity between cells alone does not establish one.", "A chemical synapse is identified through evidence of localized transmitter release and a corresponding receiving specialization, rather than a generic cell adhesion site.", "An electrical synapse requires evidence of junctional electrical coupling involving neurons; a gap junction elsewhere in the body is outside this model.", "A dendritic spine or axon bouton is a cellular structure that may participate in a synapse, rather than being interchangeable with the complete junction.", "A neuromuscular junction falls within this neuronal communication sense, whereas an immune synapse or artificial synaptic element does not." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Transmission modality", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "chemical; electrical; mixed where supported; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which structures, measurements, and mechanisms are relevant." }, { "name": "Participating cells and contact compartments", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked cell identities or types and localized axonal, dendritic, somatic, or effector-cell contact sites", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the junction and distinguishes it from other contacts made by the same cells." }, { "name": "Structural extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Contact area in µm² and junctional separation in nm, with modality, method, and boundary convention", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of junction architecture without treating unlike structures as equivalent." }, { "name": "Chemical signaling machinery", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Evidence-linked transmitters, release machinery, receptors, transporters, and clearance mechanisms; not applicable where appropriate", "why_it_matters": "Connects observed molecular components to candidate mechanisms of chemical transmission." }, { "name": "Response effect", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "excitatory; inhibitory; modulatory; context-dependent; unresolved, with receiving-cell state", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a transmitter label alone from being treated as proof of functional effect." }, { "name": "Evoked transmission", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Latency in ms, response current in pA or voltage in mV, and trial success fraction from 0 to 1 under stated conditions", "why_it_matters": "Describes whether and how reliably a defined input produces a local response." }, { "name": "Electrical coupling", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Junctional conductance in nS or dimensionless coupling coefficient, measured in each tested direction", "why_it_matters": "Characterizes electrical communication while retaining directional and measurement differences." }, { "name": "Activity-dependent change", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "stable within observation; facilitation; depression; potentiation; other documented change; unresolved, with timescale", "why_it_matters": "Separates transient response changes from persistent changes in synaptic efficacy." }, { "name": "Contact lifecycle state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "forming; established; remodeling; eliminating; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes structural persistence from transmission detected at a particular time." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a candidate junction using structural, molecular, and functional evidence.", "Link an individual contact to its participating cells, anatomical location, and circuit context.", "Select modality-appropriate observations to assess local transmission and coupling.", "Compare synaptic responses across specified stimulation conditions and time points.", "Track formation, remodeling, or disappearance while preserving contact-identity uncertainty.", "Assess whether a proposed experimental perturbation targets release, reception, electrical coupling, or local support mechanisms." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "junction-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Junction identity and boundary", "description": "Establishes what counts as this synapse and which cells and contact sites constitute it.", "rationale": "A nearby pair of processes, a bouton, and a complete synaptic junction are different observational objects.", "layers": [ { "id": "synaptic-contact-evidence", "name": "Synaptic contact evidence", "description": "Records the basis for recognizing a specialized neuronal communication junction.", "findings": [ { "id": "candidate-junction-identification", "name": "Candidate junction identification", "description": "Separate evidence for a synapse from evidence of proximity, adhesion, or a putative synaptic marker.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structural or functional observations establish this contact as a synapse rather than an apposition?", "kind": "definition", "id": "candidate-junction-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which specimen, imaging record, or physiological experiment supports that identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "candidate-junction-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "partners-and-contact-individuation", "name": "Partners and contact individuation", "description": "Locates the junction on identified cellular compartments and defines its counting boundary.", "findings": [ { "id": "individual-contact-boundary", "name": "Individual contact boundary", "description": "Distinguish one junction from multiple contacts between the same cells and from larger terminal complexes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cells and subcellular compartments participate, and what evidence establishes signaling direction or directions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "individual-contact-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "When a terminal contains several release sites or contact patches, what convention determines whether they form one synapse or several?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "individual-contact-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transmission-architecture", "name": "Transmission architecture", "description": "Describes the local machinery supporting chemical release and reception or electrical coupling.", "rationale": "Chemical and electrical synapses require different evidence and cannot share a mandatory release-and-receptor description.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-release-and-reception", "name": "Chemical release and reception", "description": "Connects a releasing specialization, the intervening extracellular space, and a receiving specialization.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-signaling-path", "name": "Chemical signaling path", "description": "Identify supported components of local chemical communication without inferring function from marker presence alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observations support the proposed transmitter identity, release site, and receiving receptor population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "chemical-signaling-path-q01" }, { "text": "Which release-site, cleft, and receiving-specialization dimensions can be measured, and how were their boundaries defined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "chemical-signaling-path-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "electrical-junction-organization", "name": "Electrical junction organization", "description": "Captures the junctional structures and functional evidence relevant to direct electrical coupling.", "findings": [ { "id": "electrical-or-mixed-contact", "name": "Electrical or mixed contact", "description": "Determine whether electrical coupling is present and whether chemical machinery belongs to the same modeled contact.", "questions": [ { "text": "What anatomical and physiological evidence supports direct junctional coupling between the participating cells?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "electrical-or-mixed-contact-q01" }, { "text": "If chemical and electrical specializations coexist, do they constitute one mixed contact or distinct neighboring synapses under the adopted boundary convention?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "electrical-or-mixed-contact-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "synaptic-response-and-plasticity", "name": "Synaptic response and plasticity", "description": "Characterizes transmission under defined conditions and changes associated with activity.", "rationale": "Synaptic structure alone does not establish response strength, effect, reliability, or persistence of change.", "layers": [ { "id": "input-response-relationship", "name": "Input-response relationship", "description": "Relates a specified local input to the receiving-cell response and its experimental context.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-transmission-profile", "name": "Conditioned transmission profile", "description": "Record timing, magnitude, direction, and reliability while distinguishing local transmission from downstream cell behavior.", "questions": [ { "text": "Under which stimulation, membrane-potential, and recording conditions were latency, response magnitude, failures, or coupling measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-transmission-profile-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence determines whether the response promotes, suppresses, or otherwise modulates receiving-cell activity in those conditions?", "kind": "definition", "id": "conditioned-transmission-profile-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "activity-dependent-efficacy", "name": "Activity-dependent efficacy", "description": "Tracks how transmission changes during and after defined patterns of activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "plasticity-timescale-and-locus", "name": "Plasticity timescale and locus", "description": "Separate measured response changes from claims about persistence or the mechanism producing them.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does synaptic efficacy change relative to baseline during stimulation and over the subsequent observation period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "plasticity-timescale-and-locus-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations distinguish altered release, altered reception, altered electrical coupling, and changes in the participating cells' excitability?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "plasticity-timescale-and-locus-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-lifecycle-and-intervention", "name": "Contact lifecycle and intervention", "description": "Tracks synaptic persistence, local maintenance, and the interpretation of targeted perturbations.", "rationale": "An undetected response does not by itself establish contact loss, and an intervention can affect several local mechanisms.", "layers": [ { "id": "formation-maintenance-and-loss", "name": "Formation, maintenance, and loss", "description": "Relates longitudinal contact observations to structural change and local supporting relationships.", "findings": [ { "id": "contact-continuity-and-support", "name": "Contact continuity and support", "description": "Assess whether a junction persists and which neighboring structures contribute to its maintenance or signaling environment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What longitudinal evidence distinguishes contact formation, remodeling, elimination, and temporary failure to detect transmission?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contact-continuity-and-support-q01" }, { "text": "Which glial contacts, extracellular structures, or clearance mechanisms are locally associated with this junction, and which belong to linked neighboring models?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contact-continuity-and-support-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "perturbation-and-readout", "name": "Perturbation and readout", "description": "Connects a proposed experimental action to its local target and interpretable outcome measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "mechanism-targeted-observation", "name": "Mechanism-targeted observation", "description": "Make explicit which synaptic mechanism an action probes and what evidence would support the resulting interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which local mechanism would the proposed stimulation, pharmacological manipulation, or molecular perturbation test?", "kind": "action", "id": "mechanism-targeted-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Which controls and readouts would distinguish a synaptic effect from altered cell viability, excitability, or wider circuit activity?", "kind": "action", "id": "mechanism-targeted-observation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the biological neural sense, excluding artificial neural-network connections and the distinct immunological synapse.", "Dimensions and transmission times are illustrative for many fast neuronal chemical synapses, not universal limits.", "Excitatory and inhibitory describe effects of transmission and form a separate classification from chemical versus electrical." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Chemical synapse", "Electrical synapse", "Mixed chemical-electrical synapse" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Gene Ontology cellular component", "value_or_pattern": "GO:0045202", "note": "Identifies the general cellular component synapse, not an individual junction." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Transmitting and processing signals in nervous systems.", "Coupling motor-neuron activity to muscle activation at neuromuscular junctions.", "Regulating glandular secretion through neural signals.", "Supporting learning and memory through changes in synaptic strength.", "Serving as targets for drugs that alter neurotransmitter release, clearance, or receptor activity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Chemical synaptic cleft width", "typical_range": "Approximately 20-40 at many neuronal chemical synapses; varies with synapse type", "unit": "nm" }, { "quantity": "Synaptic delay during fast chemical transmission", "typical_range": "Approximately 0.5-2; slower receptor-mediated responses can take substantially longer", "unit": "ms" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Impaired neurotransmitter synthesis, vesicle release, or receptor function can weaken or block transmission.", "Excessive excitatory transmission can contribute to excitotoxic cell injury.", "Disrupted inhibitory transmission can promote abnormal network excitability.", "Synapse loss or maladaptive synaptic changes can impair circuit function.", "Toxins can disrupt synaptic signaling; botulinum toxin blocks acetylcholine release at peripheral cholinergic terminals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Neuron", "difference": "A neuron is a cell; a synapse is a specialized communication junction involving a neuron and another cell." }, { "name": "Synaptic cleft", "difference": "The cleft is the extracellular gap at a chemical synapse, only one part of the complete junction." }, { "name": "Gap junction", "difference": "A gap junction directly couples cell interiors through channels; neuronal gap junctions can form electrical synapses, while many gap junctions connect non-neuronal cells." }, { "name": "Neuromuscular junction", "difference": "A neuromuscular junction is a specialized synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle cell." }, { "name": "Neurotransmitter", "difference": "A neurotransmitter is a chemical signal released during chemical transmission; the synapse is the junction where that signaling occurs." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of synapse this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend only neuronal synapses, as assumed here, or a broader sense that includes immune or artificial synapses?", "Which existing Vercy world models already own this concept or neighboring junction concepts, and should this registry entry link to one of them?", "What counting convention should apply to multisite terminals, neuromuscular junctions, and mixed chemical-electrical contacts?", "What minimum evidence should justify identification of a synapse when only molecular markers, light microscopy, or indirect physiological measurements are available?", "Which taxonomic and experimental distinctions require separate treatment of electrical-junction machinery, transmission measurements, and apparently silent contacts?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 15, "questions": 23 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a synapse, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a biological synapse, assess evidence about its structure and signaling state, and determine which observations or interventions are appropriate.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse, electrical synapse, Mixed synapse, neuroeffector junction, inhibitory synapse, GABA-ergic synapse, glutamatergic synapse, neuron to neuron synapse, cholinergic synapse, tripartite synapse, dendrodendritic synapse, polyadic synapse.", "33 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a synapse, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "asymmetric, glutamatergic, excitatory synapse", "electrical synapse", "Mixed synapse", "neuroeffector junction", "inhibitory synapse", "GABA-ergic synapse", "glutamatergic synapse", "neuron to neuron synapse", "cholinergic synapse", "tripartite synapse", "dendrodendritic synapse", "polyadic synapse" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 33 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one synapse from another, and a synapse from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a synapse sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a synapse from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a synapse is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a synapse is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a synapse is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a synapse is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a synapse is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a synapse is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a synapse passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a synapse between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a synapse, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a synapse is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What synapse is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does synapse perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise synapse, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How synapse is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does synapse have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does synapse need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about synapse is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about synapse hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern synapse, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a synapse came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a synapse and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a synapse is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a synapse, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a synapse, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a synapse is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }