← Back to catalogue
Research draft

americium

vr.tr.americium · PHY.MAT

Let an agent explain americium and its properties, relay discovery, isotopes and uses from chemistry references at public reference level, describe smoke detector use and safety, and distinguish americium from neighbouring actinides and from sensitive nuclear topics the model does not cover.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain americium and its properties, relay discovery, isotopes and uses from chemistry references at public reference level, describe smoke detector use and safety, and distinguish americium from neighbouring actinides and from sensitive nuclear topics the model does not cover.

A synthetic radioactive element with atomic number 95, an actinide first produced in 1944 by Seaborg and colleagues, whose isotope americium-241 is used in ionisation smoke detectors and as a neutron and gamma source, with other isotopes from americium-231 to americium-249 including the metastable americium-242m1 studied in nuclear physics; americium is produced in nuclear reactors from plutonium and is handled under radiation safety rules, and the model gives no sensitive nuclear detail.

What it is for: Not applicable; a chemical element.

It can be explain properties; relay discovery and isotopes; describe uses and safety; distinguish related elements.

Distinguishing features

Synthetic actinide

Smoke detector use

Alpha emitter

Reactor by-product

What it looks like

A silvery metal, rarely seen; smoke detector sources are tiny sealed discs.

Physical character

atomic number: 95 count

discovered: 1944 year - Seaborg, James, Morgan, Ghiorso

americium-241 half-life: 432.2 years

smoke detector source: about 0.3 micrograms - typical

How it is recognised

Element 95, actinide

Americium-241 in smoke detectors; isotopes 231 to 249, americium-242m1

Plutonium is element 94; curium is element 96

Related models

is a kind of - in registry terms

actinide

is a kind of - in registry terms

heavy metal

is used in - as an ionisation source

smoke detector

is produced from - in reactors

plutonium

In practice

Families and kinds

americium-241 in smoke detectors and sources

americium-243 in research

metastable americium-242m1

short-lived isotopes from americium-231 upward

americium in nuclear waste

Identifiers

CAS 7440-35-9 americium

symbol Am element symbol

Standards and regulation

IAEA and national radiation safety regulations

Consumer product rules for smoke detector sources

Nuclear material accounting

Failure modes and hazards

Agents providing sensitive nuclear detail

Improper disposal of smoke detector sources

Registry aliases naming many isotopes

Also called

americium-242m1americium-231americium-232americium-233americium-234americium-235americium-236americium-237americium-238americium-239americium-240americium-242americium-243americium-244americium-245americium-246americium-247americium-248americium-249americium-238mamericium-239mamericium-241mamericium-242m2americium-244mamericium-246m1americium-246m2americium-229americium-230americium-241

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Also registered as vr.tr.americium

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What americium is.

Science.

Definition

Definition and properties.

Definition

Definition.

  1. What is americium, and how does it differ from plutonium and curium? definition
  2. Is the question about the element, an isotope, smoke detectors, or sensitive nuclear matters the model does not cover? boundary

Isotopes

Isotopes.

Isotopes

Isotopes.

  1. What are americium-241, americium-243, the metastable americium-242m1 and the short-lived isotopes, at public reference level? definition
  2. Which entry fits the specific isotope? action
Use Uses and safety.

Regulation.

Detectors

Smoke detectors.

Detectors

Detectors.

  1. How do ionisation smoke detectors use americium-241, and how are they disposed of safely? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Safety

Radiation safety.

Safety

Safety.

  1. What radiation safety rules apply to americium sources? provenance
  2. Is the presentation at public reference level and non-sensitive? boundary
Science Chemistry and physics.

Science.

Chemistry

Chemistry.

Chemistry

Chemistry.

  1. What are the chemical properties and compounds of americium? provenance
  2. Which sources are cited? provenance

Waste

Nuclear waste.

Waste

Waste.

  1. Why does americium matter in spent fuel and waste management, in general terms? provenance
  2. Which entry fits radioactive waste? action
Context History and research.

Context.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How was americium discovered and named? provenance
  2. Which entry fits Glenn T. Seaborg? action

Research

Research.

Research

Research.

  1. What research uses americium, including as a power source for space missions, as reported? provenance
  2. Which entry fits radioisotope thermoelectric generator? action

What the second pass must settle

  • Should americium-241 be a separate primary entry?
  • How should chemistry references be linked?
  • The registry entry has merged aliases naming isotopes; should they be split off?