{ "model": { "rank": 5920, "code": "thing-q187607", "model_id": "vr.tr.tannin", "name": "tannin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise tannin material, assess its composition and functional state, and choose justified handling, testing or use actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q187607/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "catechu", "acerin", "chestnut tannin", "mallotusinic acid (stereochemistry undefined)", "schisandrin", "Deoxyschizandrin", "condensed tannin", "phlorotannin", "flavono-ellagitannin", "hydrolysable tannin", "Schisandrin", "mallotusinic acid", "schisandrin C", "melacacinidin", "B type proanthocyanidin", "A type proanthocyanidin", "proteracacinidin", "profisetinidin", "proguibourtinidin", "propelargonidin", "prorobinetidin" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 22, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q187607", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187607", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:08:09Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00581604, "turns": 1, "seconds": 99.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 105.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b52-c13d-7ec2-8c74-56e70cb67995\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tannin\nRegistry id: vr.tr.tannin\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q187607", "registryId": "vr.tr.tannin", "name": "tannin", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q187607/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tannin", "name": "tannin", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise tannin material, assess its composition and functional state, and choose justified handling, testing or use actions.", "definition": "Tannins are a heterogeneous class of plant polyphenols that bind and precipitate proteins (and other macromolecules) through multivalent hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions; they are operationally defined by that protein-precipitating capacity rather than by a single molecular formula.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the tannin identity, composition, condition and interaction capabilities represented by vr.tr.tannin, whether observed as an identified compound, a characterised fraction or a constituent of another material; it does not equate an entire tannin-containing extract with tannin.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence supporting identification as tannin and assignment to a tannin family", "Tannin composition, molecular-size distribution and chemical modification", "Tannin amount with analytical method, calibration and reporting basis", "Extractable, dissolved, bound and precipitated tannin fractions", "Protein interaction and other application-relevant performance under stated conditions", "Changes during extraction, processing and storage that affect tannin identity or usability" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Taxonomy, cultivation and health of the source organism", "Complete composition and quality of wine, tea, bark, feed or other host materials", "Operation and design of extraction or leather-tanning equipment", "Identity and lifecycle of proteins, metals and other interaction partners", "Clinical efficacy, dietary recommendations and organism-level toxicity assessments", "Finished leather, adhesive or coating performance beyond its relationship to the tannin input" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require structural or compositional evidence supporting tannin identity; a positive total-phenolics assay alone is insufficient to distinguish tannin from other phenolic constituents.", "Measure protein binding or precipitation under controlled conditions as functional evidence, with blanks and corroborating identity evidence; precipitation depends on pH, concentration and protein-to-tannin ratio. [Experimental study](https://academic.oup.com/ijfst/article/47/4/875/7866065).", "For a material labelled tannic acid, verify its reported composition and supporting analysis before treating that label as interchangeable with the broader tannin entry.", "Distinguish a tannin fraction from its parent extract by recording the separation, recovery and remaining non-tannin constituents.", "Distinguish tannin identity from tanning capability: a successful tanning test establishes performance for that test, while chemical identification must establish what material produced it." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Tannin identity assignment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "candidate; supported; unresolved mixture; contradicted, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a trade name, colour reaction or source association from becoming an unsupported identification." }, { "name": "Tannin family", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hydrolysable, with gallotannin or ellagitannin assignment where supported; condensed; complex; phlorotannin; mixed; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Guides selection of structural analyses, transformation tests and comparison materials without requiring a single molecular identity." }, { "name": "Source and preparation lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to source organism and tissue, parent material, extraction, fractionation and modification records", "why_it_matters": "Makes selective extraction and processing history available when interpreting composition and performance." }, { "name": "Tannin content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/g or mg/L, with method, reference standard, uncertainty and dry-mass, as-received or solution basis; label assay equivalents explicitly", "why_it_matters": "Supports dosing and comparison without treating different assay responses as interchangeable mass measurements." }, { "name": "Molecular-size profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Molar-mass distribution in g/mol or degree of polymerisation, with method and applicable fraction", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes fractions that share a family label but may differ in interactions and processing behaviour." }, { "name": "Structural substitution and modification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Identified constituent units, galloylation, linkage features and documented chemical modifications; unresolved where unmeasured", "why_it_matters": "Supports meaningful identity and batch comparisons beyond total tannin content." }, { "name": "Operational tannin fraction", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Dissolved; dispersed; precipitated; matrix-bound; extractable under a named protocol; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Separates tannin that is present from tannin accessible to an assay or intended interaction." }, { "name": "Protein precipitation capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg named protein precipitated per mg characterised tannin material, with pH, solvent, temperature, ratio and contact time", "why_it_matters": "Records a relevant functional property in a form that can be compared only under compatible conditions." }, { "name": "Exposure and transformation state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Baseline; suspected change; analytically demonstrated change; unresolved, with time and exposure conditions", "why_it_matters": "Supports retesting when oxidation, hydrolysis or other changes may have altered the material." }, { "name": "Use-specific qualification", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to intended application, tested batch, acceptance criteria and supporting performance evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents successful performance in one material system from authorising unrelated uses." } ], "affordances": [ "Select complementary identity and functional assays suited to the proposed tannin family and host matrix.", "Extract or fractionate tannin under a documented protocol and assess recovery and compositional change.", "Compare or blend tannin lots using compatible content measurements and application-specific performance tests.", "Test protein binding, precipitation or another intended interaction at controlled concentrations and conditions.", "Dissolve, disperse, separate or remove tannin when the relevant material system and process permit it.", "Retest, withhold from a proposed use or redirect a batch when its identity, condition or demonstrated performance fails the applicable criteria." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-iupac-goldbook-tannin", "title": "IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (Gold Book), entry 'tannin'", "url": "https://goldbook.iupac.org/", "what_it_supports": "Specialist chemical definition of tannins as plant polyphenols that convert hide to leather and precipitate proteins.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "src-wikidata-q187760", "title": "Wikidata item Q187760 (tannin)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187760", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier and aliases for the chemical class.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-pubchem-tannic-acid", "title": "PubChem Compound Summary: Tannic acid (CID 16129878)", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Tannic-acid", "what_it_supports": "CAS, molecular descriptors, and toxicology summary for commercial tannic acid as the most-cited discrete product form.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-codex-oenological-tannins", "title": "OIV International Oenological Codex, monograph on oenological tannins", "url": "https://www.oiv.int/", "what_it_supports": "Identity, purity, and permitted use of tannins as a wine-processing aid.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "tannin-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Tannin identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what the tannin designation refers to and how securely that designation is supported.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a tannin constituent or fraction from a generic phenolic response, commercial label or whole extract.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Connect the tannin claim to complementary observations and competing interpretations.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-tannin-assignment", "name": "Supported tannin assignment", "description": "Record which evidence supports tannin identity, what it excludes and what remains ambiguous.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does tannin here denote an identified compound, a characterised mixture or a constituent inferred within a host material?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-tannin-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which structural, separation and functional observations support the assignment, and which other phenolics or precipitants remain plausible?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-tannin-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "family-and-composition", "name": "Family and composition", "description": "Describe the supported tannin family and the compositional detail needed for meaningful comparisons.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-family-profile", "name": "Resolved family profile", "description": "Record family assignments, mixture proportions where measurable and uncertainty about constituent structures.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tannin family or combination of families is supported, and by which analytical evidence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "resolved-family-profile-q01" }, { "text": "What molecular-size, constituent-unit, linkage or substitution information distinguishes this tannin material from another lot bearing the same name?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-family-profile-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tannin-origin-and-recovery", "name": "Tannin origin and recovery", "description": "Connect observed tannin material to its source and the operations that selected or changed it.", "rationale": "The recovered fraction cannot be interpreted reliably without knowing the parent matrix and preparation history.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-material", "name": "Source material", "description": "Locate the tannin in a documented biological, commercial or prepared material.", "findings": [ { "id": "tannin-source-lineage", "name": "Tannin source lineage", "description": "Preserve the source and batch relationships needed to investigate differences between tannin preparations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organism, tissue, parent material and batch supplied this tannin, and which of those identities were verified?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "tannin-source-lineage-q01" }, { "text": "Was the tannin isolated directly, purchased as a preparation, blended or chemically modified before receipt?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "tannin-source-lineage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "extraction-and-fractionation", "name": "Extraction and fractionation", "description": "Describe which tannin fraction a preparation protocol makes available for analysis or use.", "findings": [ { "id": "recovery-and-selection", "name": "Recovery and selection", "description": "Record extraction conditions, recovered fractions and evidence of losses or compositional selection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which solvents, pH, temperatures, durations and separation steps produced the measured tannin fraction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "recovery-and-selection-q01" }, { "text": "What recovery evidence distinguishes low tannin content from incomplete extraction or exclusion of a bound fraction?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "recovery-and-selection-q02" }, { "text": "Which non-tannin constituents remain, and do they require further separation before the proposed test or use?", "kind": "action", "id": "recovery-and-selection-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tannin-quantity-and-accessibility", "name": "Tannin quantity and accessibility", "description": "Represent how much tannin is reported and which fraction the measurement actually observes.", "rationale": "An agent needs method-qualified quantities to compare lots, calculate additions and avoid confusing assay equivalents with absolute tannin mass.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-qualified-content", "name": "Assay-qualified content", "description": "Keep analytical results attached to their method, calibration and validated matrix.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-tannin-result", "name": "Interpretable tannin result", "description": "Record the measured fraction and reporting basis. Methyl-cellulose precipitation is an example of an assay developed and validated for particular grape and wine matrices. [Method study](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1755-0238.2006.tb00042.x).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which tannin fraction does the assay measure, and what evidence supports its use for this family and matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-tannin-result-q01" }, { "text": "Is the result an identified-compound mass, a reference-standard equivalent or a functional response, and what denominator and uncertainty accompany it?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-tannin-result-q02" }, { "text": "Are two reported tannin values directly comparable, or is a method-comparison study required before substitution or dosing?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "interpretable-tannin-result-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "available-and-associated-fractions", "name": "Available and associated fractions", "description": "Distinguish dissolved tannin from dispersed, precipitated or matrix-associated material under stated conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-specific-accessibility", "name": "Condition-specific accessibility", "description": "Treat accessibility as condition-dependent. Experiments in water-ethanol systems demonstrate the relevance of solvent conditions to tannin aggregation and precipitation. [Experimental study](https://arxiv.org/abs/0810.1136).", "questions": [ { "text": "At the stated solvent composition, pH, temperature and concentration, what proportion is dissolved, dispersed, precipitated or associated with the matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-specific-accessibility-q01" }, { "text": "Does a proposed dissolution, filtration or extraction step recover the intended tannin fraction, and how will that recovery be checked?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-specific-accessibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tannin-interactions-and-use", "name": "Tannin interactions and use", "description": "Connect tannin interaction measurements to a specific intended action and material system.", "rationale": "Tannin identity alone does not establish the dose, performance or suitability needed for a particular application.", "layers": [ { "id": "protein-interaction", "name": "Protein interaction", "description": "Describe binding and precipitation separately, with the partner and test conditions identified.", "findings": [ { "id": "protein-response-envelope", "name": "Protein response envelope", "description": "Record the observed protein response over relevant conditions rather than assigning universal precipitation capacity; experimental results show dependence on pH and protein-to-tannin ratio. [Experimental study](https://academic.oup.com/ijfst/article/47/4/875/7866065).", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protein was tested, and what binding or precipitation was measured at the stated tannin-to-protein ratio, pH and contact time?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "protein-response-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What controls distinguish tannin-induced precipitation from protein instability, solvent effects or other extract constituents?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "protein-response-envelope-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-qualification", "name": "Application qualification", "description": "Link a proposed tannin operation to evidence obtained in a relevant target system.", "findings": [ { "id": "justified-tannin-operation", "name": "Justified tannin operation", "description": "Record the intended effect, qualifying test and decision criteria for adding, removing, blending or reacting tannin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What effect is sought, such as collagen interaction, protein removal or a specified complexation reaction, and what target-system evidence supports it?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-tannin-operation-q01" }, { "text": "What dose range, performance limits and linked host-material requirements must be satisfied before this batch may be used?", "kind": "action", "id": "justified-tannin-operation-q02" }, { "text": "Which conclusions remain limited to a laboratory assay and cannot yet be transferred to the intended application?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "justified-tannin-operation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tannin-change-and-retention", "name": "Tannin change and retention", "description": "Track whether processing or storage has changed the tannin material enough to alter its interpretation or use.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a changed analytical response from demonstrated chemical transformation and decide when previous qualification no longer applies.", "layers": [ { "id": "transformation-evidence", "name": "Transformation evidence", "description": "Connect suspected chemical or physical changes to exposure history and direct observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "demonstrated-tannin-change", "name": "Demonstrated tannin change", "description": "Record evidence for hydrolysis, oxidation, condensation, modification or aggregation without identifying a mechanism from colour change alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changes in constituent profile, molecular-size distribution, soluble fraction or functional response distinguish the current material from its baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "demonstrated-tannin-change-q01" }, { "text": "Which exposure or processing event preceded the change, and what evidence supports the proposed mechanism?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "demonstrated-tannin-change-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-and-requalification", "name": "Retention and requalification", "description": "Define evidence-based storage conditions and triggers for renewed testing of tannin material.", "findings": [ { "id": "continued-tannin-usability", "name": "Continued tannin usability", "description": "Assess whether the current tannin still meets the identity, content and interaction criteria of its intended use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What stability observations support the specified container, light exposure, temperature, moisture or solution conditions and retention period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "continued-tannin-usability-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed changes or exposure excursions trigger retesting, requalification or withholding this tannin from the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "continued-tannin-usability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "hydrolysable tannins (gallotannins and ellagitannins)", "condensed tannins / proanthocyanidins", "complex / mixed tannins (e.g. acutissimin-type)", "phlorotannins (brown-algal polyphenols)", "tannic acid (commercial hydrolysable tannin mixture)", "vegetable tannins used in leather (mimosa, quebracho, chestnut, tara, valonea)", "synthetic tannins (syntans) used in leather chemistry", "oenological tannins (grape-skin, grape-seed, oak, and exogenous oenotannins)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q187760", "note": "Item for the chemical class 'tannin'." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1401-55-4", "note": "Tannic acid, the commercial hydrolysable-tannin mixture most often used as a named product; not a unique identifier for all tannins." }, { "scheme": "EC / EINECS", "value_or_pattern": "215-753-2", "note": "Tannic acid (EC inventory)." }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:26848", "note": "Ontology class 'tannin'." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC Gold Book", "value_or_pattern": "term 'tannin'", "note": "Definitional chemical-terminology entry rather than a numeric code." }, { "scheme": "INS / food-additive number", "value_or_pattern": "INS 181 (tannins)", "note": "Codex food-additive listing for tannins; regional E-number practice varies and is often restricted to tannic acid or not assigned." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUPAC Gold Book - chemical definition of tannin (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).", "OIV International Oenological Codex - identity, purity and conditions of use for oenological tannins (International Organisation of Vine and Wine).", "Codex Alimentarius GSFA - INS 181 tannins as a food additive / processing aid, with commodity-specific provisions (FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission).", "JECFA monographs on tannic acid / tannins - identity and safety evaluation for food use (FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives).", "EU food-additive / processing-aid law (Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 and related purity criteria) - tannic acid / tannins authorised only in specified food categories and functions; not a general-purpose additive.", "US FDA 21 CFR - tannic acid listed among substances with specified food uses and limitations (e.g. flavouring, processing), not as an unrestricted additive.", "IULTCS / ISO leather chemical test methods (e.g. hide-powder / filter methods for vegetable-tannin analysis) - analytical standards for tannin content of vegetable tanning materials (International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies; ISO).", "REACH (EU) - tannic acid and some vegetable-tannin extracts are registered substances with classification and exposure scenarios for industrial use." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Vegetable tanning of hides and skins to leather (mimosa/wattle, quebracho, chestnut, tara, oak, valonea extracts).", "Wine and cider: extraction from grape skins/seeds and oak, plus addition of oenological tannins for colour stability, mouthfeel, protein fining, and oxidation control.", "Tea, coffee, cocoa, persimmon, sorghum and many fruits: astringency and haze/precipitation with salivary and beverage proteins.", "Pharmaceutical and veterinary astringents (historical and some current topical/oral uses of tannic acid; also as an alkaloid precipitant in analysis).", "Ink manufacture (iron-gall ink: tannin + iron(II) salts) and wood staining.", "Adhesives and wood binders from condensed tannins (especially mimosa and pine bark) as phenol-formaldehyde extenders or bio-based resins.", "Water and beverage treatment: protein precipitation, haze control, and (historically) some flocculation uses.", "Laboratory protein assay and histochemistry (e.g. tannic acid as a mordant/fixative adjunct; hide-powder assay of tannin content)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "protein-precipitation capacity (hide-powder or BSA precipitation)", "typical_range": "operational; often reported as 10-70% 'tannin' of a vegetable extract on dry matter, depending on source and method", "unit": "% (m/m) tannin, method-defined" }, { "quantity": "total phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteu), as gallic-acid equivalents", "typical_range": "widely method-dependent; tea infusions often ~0.5-3 g GAE L⁻¹; grape seeds and quebracho extracts much higher on a solids basis", "unit": "g GAE L⁻¹ or g GAE kg⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "Stiasny number (aldehyde-condensable polyphenols, condensed-tannin industry)", "typical_range": "typically ~70-105 for commercial mimosa/pine extracts used in adhesives", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "degree of polymerisation (condensed tannins / proanthocyanidins)", "typical_range": "mean DP often ~2-10 in foods and wines; industrial extracts and bark tannins commonly mean DP 4-12, with tails much higher", "unit": "dimensionless (mean DP)" }, { "quantity": "molecular mass (oligomer window commonly discussed)", "typical_range": "roughly 500-3000 for many characterised oligomers; commercial tannic acid centred near ~1701 for a decagalloyl-glucose idealisation", "unit": "g mol⁻¹ (Da)" }, { "quantity": "astringency / sensory threshold in beverages", "typical_range": "often perceptible from tens to a few hundred mg L⁻¹ depending on matrix, pH, and polymer size", "unit": "mg L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "pH of aqueous tannin solutions / tanning liquors", "typical_range": "typically acidic, about pH 3-5 for vegetable tanning liquors and wine; tannic acid solutions are strongly acidic", "unit": "pH" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Protein precipitation and haze in beer, wine, and tea when tannins meet haze-active proteins.", "Astringency and reduced palatability; in livestock, high condensed-tannin forages can reduce protein digestibility and intake (though moderate levels can also reduce bloat and GI parasites).", "Iron-tannin complexation: nutritional iron binding; also corrosion/staining of iron and formation of blue-black iron-gall complexes that degrade paper in historic inks.", "Oxidation and colour shift (browning, pinking, or blackening) in foods, wines, and leathers.", "Leather defects from unbalanced vegetable tannage (case-hardening, cracks, poor hydrothermal stability if mineral retannage is absent).", "Acute gastrointestinal irritation from concentrated tannic acid; historical high-dose medical use associated with hepatotoxicity; not a general food toxin at dietary levels.", "Allergenic / sensitising potential of some tanning extracts and syntans in occupational leather processing (more often the process chemicals than 'tannin' as eaten).", "Interference in protein assays, PCR, and plant DNA extraction (tannins bind proteins and nucleic acids).", "Incompatibility with gelatin, alkaloids, heavy-metal salts, and many proteins in formulation (precipitation)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Leather: South American quebracho and African/Australian mimosa (wattle) dominate condensed-tannin trade; Mediterranean chestnut, valonea and Turkish/Peruvian tara dominate hydrolysable-tannin trade.", "Wine: 'tannin' in Bordeaux/Napa usage is largely grape condensed tannin plus oak ellagitannins; Italian and Spanish practice also emphasises exogenous oenological tannins; OIV vs national wine law differs on what may be added.", "Tea: 'tannin' in older British/Indian trade language often meant total tea polyphenols, not chemically defined tannins; modern tea chemistry prefers catechins/theaflavins over 'tannin'.", "Food-additive numbering: INS 181 is used internationally; the EU does not treat 'tannins' as a general E-number colour in the way older lists sometimes implied.", "Forage anti-nutrition: condensed-tannin management is a live agronomic issue in the Andes, New Zealand, Australia and parts of Africa (lotus, sulla, acacia, sorghum), less so in temperate dairy systems built on low-tannin ryegrass/clover.", "Phlorotannins are a North-Atlantic and East-Asian algal product class, not a terrestrial tannin in the leather/wine sense." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "lignin", "difference": "Lignin is an insoluble phenylpropanoid cell-wall polymer that does not dissolve and precipitate proteins the way tannins do; distinguished by insolubility, Klason/acid-insoluble fibre behaviour, and absence of protein-precipitation in aqueous extract." }, { "name": "simple phenolic acids and flavonoids (gallic acid, catechin monomers)", "difference": "Monomers may be biosynthetic precursors or subunits but generally do not precipitate proteins at typical concentrations; protein-precipitation assays (hide-powder, BSA, MCP) and polymer-selective methods (butanol-HCl for proanthocyanidins) separate them from tannins." }, { "name": "humic and fulvic substances", "difference": "Environmental polydisperse acids from soil/water organic matter; distinguished by origin, elemental ratios, and lack of the discrete galloyl-glucose / flavan-3-ol oligomer signatures of plant tannins (NMR, pyrolysis-GC-MS)." }, { "name": "syntans (synthetic tanning agents)", "difference": "Naphthalenesulfonic, phenolic-condensate or other industrial tanning chemicals that tan hide but are not plant polyphenols; distinguished by sulfur content, industrial origin, and IULTCS/ISO leather-chemical identification." }, { "name": "melanins and enzymatic browning products", "difference": "Indole/catechol oxidation polymers in tissue; not extractable as classic tannins and do not match gallotannin/ellagitannin/proanthocyanidin chemistries." }, { "name": "saponins", "difference": "Amphiphilic glycosides that foam and haemolyse rather than precipitate proteins as tannins do; distinguished by foam tests, haemolysis, and glycoside chromatography." }, { "name": "tannic acid vs 'tannin'", "difference": "Tannic acid is a commercial hydrolysable-tannin mixture (mainly polygalloyl glucoses), CAS 1401-55-4; 'tannin' is the broader class including condensed tannins that do not hydrolyse to gallic/ellagic acid. Acid hydrolysis yielding gallic/ellagic acid vs oxidative depolymerisation to anthocyanidins (butanol-HCl) separates the two." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tannin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "What operational boundary should vr.tr.tannin adopt for small galloylated polyphenols and other borderline materials when structural and protein-interaction criteria disagree?", "Which tannin families and chemically modified preparations should this registry entry explicitly include, and when should a derivative be represented through a neighbouring material model?", "Which analytical methods and reference materials provide comparable results for the families and host matrices this catalogue will actually encounter?", "What minimum evidence and acceptance criteria qualify tannin lots for each intended application without transferring claims between unrelated target systems?", "Which family-specific and preparation-specific stability studies can establish meaningful storage limits and requalification triggers?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 31 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tannin, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise tannin material, assess its composition and functional state, and choose justified handling, testing or use actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: catechu, acerin, chestnut tannin, mallotusinic acid (stereochemistry undefined), schisandrin, Deoxyschizandrin, condensed tannin, phlorotannin, flavono-ellagitannin, hydrolysable tannin, Schisandrin, mallotusinic acid.", "22 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tannin, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "catechu", "acerin", "chestnut tannin", "mallotusinic acid (stereochemistry undefined)", "schisandrin", "Deoxyschizandrin", "condensed tannin", "phlorotannin", "flavono-ellagitannin", "hydrolysable tannin", "Schisandrin", "mallotusinic acid" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 22 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tannin from another, and a tannin from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tannin sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tannin from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a tannin is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a tannin is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a tannin is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a tannin is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a tannin is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a tannin is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tannin passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tannin between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tannin, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tannin is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a tannin and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a tannin is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a tannin performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a tannin.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a tannin at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a tannin there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What tannin is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name tannin unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of tannin exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How tannin behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of tannin, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is tannin incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How tannin can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is tannin classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover tannin, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tannin came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tannin and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tannin is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tannin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tannin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tannin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }