{ "model": { "rank": 5280, "code": "thing-q187657", "model_id": "vr.tr.dubbing", "name": "dubbing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audiovisual dubbing activity, assess its linguistic, performance and technical readiness, and determine the next permitted production action.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q187657/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "film dubbing", "double tracking", "piano dubbing", "Doliwood", "overdubbing", "film dubbing in Ukrainian" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q187657", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187657", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:02:39Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08830-c895-7a81-8e32-843d1ff75e99\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: dubbing\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08830-c88b-7640-9f3c-1a921b416d17\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: dubbing\nRegistry id: vr.tr.dubbing\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q187657", "registryId": "vr.tr.dubbing", "name": "dubbing", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q187657/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.dubbing", "name": "dubbing", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audiovisual dubbing activity, assess its linguistic, performance and technical readiness, and determine the next permitted production action.", "definition": "Dubbing is an audiovisual production process in which newly recorded speech replaces original dialogue, commonly in another language, with performances timed to the on-screen action and, where required, the speakers' visible mouth movements.", "scope_statement": "This model owns dubbing as the activity of creating and integrating replacement spoken performances for an existing audiovisual work, including translated dubbing and same-language dialogue replacement; it excludes the senses of copying a recording or conferring a title.", "in_scope": [ "Identifying the source picture version, dialogue and intended dubbed version", "Adapting spoken material to target language, character, timing and visible articulation", "Casting, directing and recording replacement dialogue", "Synchronising, editing and integrating replacement performances with retained audio", "Reviewing dubbing quality, recording approvals and resolving delivery blockers" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Producing the original audiovisual work", "Subtitling, captioning and audio description as separate localisation or accessibility activities", "Overlay voice-over that intentionally retains the original speech as an audible underlying performance", "General translation unrelated to an audiovisual performance", "Standalone speech-synthesis systems and general audio-engineering equipment", "Distribution and licensing of the underlying work beyond permissions that constrain the dubbing activity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The activity creates replacement speech associated with an existing audiovisual sequence, rather than merely displaying translated text.", "Replacement performances occupy the dialogue role of source speech in the intended version; an overlay preserving audible source speech requires a separate boundary decision.", "Utterances must fit picture-linked cues, with the required degree of lip, gesture and duration synchronisation explicitly identified.", "Translated dubbing changes language while preserving an intended dramatic function; same-language dialogue replacement can qualify without translation.", "The activity produces performed dialogue for integration into a soundtrack, rather than only a written translation or a duplicate recording." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Dubbing mode", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Interlanguage dubbing; same-language dialogue replacement; mixed; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether translation is required and which neighbouring production activities need to be distinguished." }, { "name": "Source picture and dialogue version", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified picture cut, source dialogue track and script versions", "why_it_matters": "A performance can fit one cut while becoming mistimed or incomplete after a picture revision." }, { "name": "Target speech variety", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Language, locale, dialect and register specified by the production brief", "why_it_matters": "Guides adaptation, pronunciation, casting and audience review." }, { "name": "Synchronisation requirement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Cue timing; utterance duration; visible articulation; gesture alignment; combinations specified per scene", "why_it_matters": "Makes the expected correspondence with picture explicit without assuming every scene needs identical lip synchronisation." }, { "name": "Cue timing deviation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Signed onset and end offsets in milliseconds or frames, with frame rate recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports diagnosis of early or late dialogue against the approved cue reference." }, { "name": "Approved dialogue coverage", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Approved required cues divided by all required cues, expressed as a percentage", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes apparent soundtrack completeness from reviewed coverage." }, { "name": "Voice-to-character assignment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Character or speaker linked to performer or authorised synthetic voice, including version and exceptions", "why_it_matters": "Supports voice continuity and identifies substitutions requiring review." }, { "name": "Dubbing readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Awaiting assets; adapting; recording; editing; mixing; reviewing; approved; blocked", "why_it_matters": "Indicates which production action is appropriate and what evidence is still missing." }, { "name": "Permission evidence status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unreviewed; documented for intended use; restricted; disputed; missing", "why_it_matters": "Prevents technical completion from being mistaken for authorisation to use or deliver a performance." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a proposed activity as translated dubbing, same-language dialogue replacement or a neighbouring practice requiring separate treatment.", "Prepare cue-specific adaptation briefs that expose meaning, timing and visible-articulation constraints.", "Identify dialogue requiring recording or pickups after script, casting or picture changes.", "Compare candidate takes for character continuity, intelligibility, dramatic intent and synchronisation.", "Track replacement dialogue through editing, mixing and review to expose missing cues and unresolved defects.", "Recommend progression, rework or a hold based on approvals, permission evidence and delivery requirements." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "dubbing-brief-and-source", "name": "Dubbing brief and source", "description": "Establishes which audiovisual material is being revoiced and what the replacement version must accomplish.", "rationale": "Dubbing cannot be judged without an identified source cut and an explicit replacement-speech brief.", "layers": [ { "id": "activity-boundary", "name": "Activity boundary", "description": "Identifies the dubbing sense and the intended relationship between source and replacement speech.", "findings": [ { "id": "replacement-speech-contract", "name": "Replacement speech contract", "description": "Record whether speech is replaced across languages or within one language, and whether any original speech intentionally remains audible.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which speech is being replaced, in which language or variety, and for what intended audience?", "kind": "definition", "id": "replacement-speech-contract-q01" }, { "text": "Does retained original speech make any segment an overlay voice-over rather than replacement dialogue?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "replacement-speech-contract-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "picture-and-cue-reference", "name": "Picture and cue reference", "description": "Anchors dubbing work to a specific picture cut and a traceable set of dialogue cues.", "findings": [ { "id": "versioned-dialogue-map", "name": "Versioned dialogue map", "description": "Associate each required utterance with its speaker, scene, source evidence and timing reference, including ambiguous or missing dialogue.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which picture cut, timecode convention, frame rate and source dialogue materials define the cue reference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "versioned-dialogue-map-q01" }, { "text": "Which cues need remapping or re-recording when the picture cut or source dialogue changes?", "kind": "action", "id": "versioned-dialogue-map-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "dialogue-adaptation", "name": "Dialogue adaptation", "description": "Captures how replacement wording preserves intended meaning and dramatic function under picture constraints.", "rationale": "A linguistically acceptable translation may still fail as timed, spoken character dialogue.", "layers": [ { "id": "meaning-and-character-language", "name": "Meaning and character language", "description": "Tracks dialogue intent, terminology, register and culturally dependent choices.", "findings": [ { "id": "adaptation-decisions", "name": "Adaptation decisions", "description": "Record consequential changes to meaning, jokes, forms of address, terminology and character voice, with the basis for their acceptance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which meanings, plot information and character relationships must survive adaptation in each disputed cue?", "kind": "definition", "id": "adaptation-decisions-q01" }, { "text": "Who approved departures from source wording, and what brief or source evidence supports them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "adaptation-decisions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spoken-fit", "name": "Spoken fit", "description": "Tests adapted lines against available speaking time, visible articulation and performability.", "findings": [ { "id": "cue-fit-tradeoffs", "name": "Cue fit tradeoffs", "description": "Identify where wording, delivery speed or cue placement must change to meet the specified synchronisation target.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the performed line fit the cue duration, pauses, visible mouth movements and associated gestures?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cue-fit-tradeoffs-q01" }, { "text": "When natural speech, meaning and visual fit conflict, which revision is permitted and who resolves the tradeoff?", "kind": "action", "id": "cue-fit-tradeoffs-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "voice-and-performance", "name": "Voice and performance", "description": "Represents voice assignment and the production of dramatically appropriate replacement performances.", "rationale": "Dubbing quality depends on performed character continuity as well as the adapted words.", "layers": [ { "id": "casting-and-voice-use", "name": "Casting and voice use", "description": "Connects characters to voices and records evidence supporting the intended use of those voices.", "findings": [ { "id": "voice-assignment-and-authorisation", "name": "Voice assignment and authorisation", "description": "Record casting choices, continuity requirements and relevant permission evidence, including explicit treatment of synthetic or transformed voices when used.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which voice is assigned to each character, and what prior episodes or versions establish continuity expectations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "voice-assignment-and-authorisation-q01" }, { "text": "What documented permissions and restrictions govern recording, transformation, reuse or synthesis of the assigned voice?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "voice-assignment-and-authorisation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "direction-and-takes", "name": "Direction and takes", "description": "Tracks recorded alternatives and their suitability for the scene.", "findings": [ { "id": "performance-selection", "name": "Performance selection", "description": "Link selected and rejected takes to dialogue cues, performance notes and any remaining pickup needs.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the take convey the required emotion, emphasis, pronunciation and interaction with other speakers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "performance-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Which cues need another take, and what specific direction should change in the pickup?", "kind": "action", "id": "performance-selection-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "soundtrack-integration", "name": "Soundtrack integration", "description": "Tracks replacement-dialogue editing and its integration with the audiovisual work's other sounds.", "rationale": "Usable takes must become a coherent soundtrack without unintended source dialogue, missing effects or audible discontinuities.", "layers": [ { "id": "dialogue-edit-and-sync", "name": "Dialogue edit and sync", "description": "Checks cue alignment and the effect of editing operations on speech.", "findings": [ { "id": "edited-cue-integrity", "name": "Edited cue integrity", "description": "Record alignment results and edits such as comping or time adjustment that may affect intelligibility, breathing or performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What onset, end and internal alignment deviations remain against the approved picture reference?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "edited-cue-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Which edits introduce audible artifacts or unnatural delivery and require re-editing or re-recording?", "kind": "action", "id": "edited-cue-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retained-audio-and-mix", "name": "Retained audio and mix", "description": "Examines how replacement dialogue combines with music, effects and scene acoustics.", "findings": [ { "id": "replacement-mix-integrity", "name": "Replacement mix integrity", "description": "Assess whether available audio elements permit clean speech replacement while preserving intended non-dialogue sounds and spatial relationships.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the supplied music-and-effects elements contain residual source dialogue or omit sounds that must be restored?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "replacement-mix-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Does replacement dialogue match the intended scene perspective, ambience and intelligibility within the required channel layout?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "replacement-mix-integrity-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "review-and-version-acceptance", "name": "Review and version acceptance", "description": "Determines whether the assembled dubbed version meets its brief and is ready for the intended handoff.", "rationale": "Completion requires cue-level review and approval of the actual delivered version, including any accepted exceptions.", "layers": [ { "id": "linguistic-and-audiovisual-review", "name": "Linguistic and audiovisual review", "description": "Combines language, performance and picture-linked listening checks.", "findings": [ { "id": "dub-defects-and-disposition", "name": "Dub defects and disposition", "description": "Record review observations against specific cues and distinguish correction requests from accepted creative choices.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cues contain mistranslation, inconsistent pronunciation, missing speech, unsuitable delivery or distracting synchronisation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dub-defects-and-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations require correction, and which exceptions have an identified approver and rationale?", "kind": "action", "id": "dub-defects-and-disposition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "approved-version-and-handoff", "name": "Approved version and handoff", "description": "Links sign-off to the exact picture, script and audio deliverables.", "findings": [ { "id": "delivery-readiness", "name": "Delivery readiness", "description": "Determine whether required cues, technical checks and approval evidence cover the version being handed over.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which exact picture version, dialogue revision and audio files were reviewed and approved, and by whom?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "delivery-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What missing cues, unresolved defects, permission restrictions or delivery-specification failures still block handoff?", "kind": "action", "id": "delivery-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The assumed sense is audiovisual dialogue replacement; dubbing can also refer to copying recordings and to other unrelated activities.", "Terminology varies: some practitioners use dubbing broadly enough to include ADR, while translation studies commonly emphasises interlingual replacement.", "Regional preferences and technical acceptance thresholds require production-specific verification; no universal numerical tolerance is asserted here." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Interlingual dubbing: dialogue replacement in another language", "Intralingual dubbing: dialogue replacement in the same language", "Lip-synchronised dubbing", "Non-lip-synchronised dubbing" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Localising films and television programmes for different language audiences", "Localising dialogue in video games", "Replacing an actor's voice for performance or production reasons", "Adapting audiovisual educational and commercial material for additional markets" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Temporal offset between replacement speech and visible speech action", "typical_range": "Acceptable tolerance depends on the scene, delivery specification and assessment method", "unit": "milliseconds or video frames" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dialogue timing or articulation visibly mismatches mouth movements.", "Translation or adaptation changes meaning, characterisation or culturally significant details.", "Vocal performance fails to match the character's emotion, physical effort or interaction with other speakers.", "Recording and mixing produce inconsistent loudness, acoustic perspective or dialogue intelligibility.", "Replacing dialogue damages retained music and effects when suitable separate audio elements are unavailable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dubbing has an established mainstream role in markets including Germany, France, Italy and Spain; subtitling is more prominent in many Nordic countries and the Netherlands, with variation by audience and medium.", "Separate versions may serve regional language markets, such as European and Latin American Spanish.", "Some markets commonly use translated voice-over with audible original dialogue, a practice often distinguished from replacement dubbing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Subtitling", "difference": "Subtitling presents dialogue as written text while usually retaining the original spoken performance." }, { "name": "Voice-over translation", "difference": "Voice-over translation commonly overlays translated speech while leaving the original speech audible; dubbing generally replaces the original dialogue." }, { "name": "Automated dialogue replacement (ADR)", "difference": "ADR usually repairs or revises production dialogue in the same language; it overlaps with dubbing, whose localisation sense centres on replacing dialogue for another audience." }, { "name": "Original voice acting", "difference": "Original voice acting creates the initial vocal performance rather than replacing an existing dialogue performance." }, { "name": "Audio description", "difference": "Audio description adds spoken accounts of visual information rather than replacing dialogue." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of dubbing this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend dubbing to include same-language dialogue replacement, or should this model narrow its provisional scope to interlanguage dubbing?", "How should partial replacement, documentary voice-over and deliberately audible original dialogue be separated in the registry's neighbouring models?", "Which synchronisation and performance acceptance criteria are appropriate for different genres, shot types and target audiences, and who sets them?", "Should replacement singing, crowd speech, breaths and other character vocalisations belong to this entry or be linked to specialised models?", "What evidence and review responsibilities are required for synthetic or transformed voices in each intended production and distribution context?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a dubbing, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an audiovisual dubbing activity, assess its linguistic, performance and technical readiness, and determine the next permitted production action.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: film dubbing, double tracking, piano dubbing, Doliwood, overdubbing, film dubbing in Ukrainian.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a dubbing, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "film dubbing", "double tracking", "piano dubbing", "Doliwood", "overdubbing", "film dubbing in Ukrainian" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one dubbing from another, and a dubbing from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a dubbing sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a dubbing from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a dubbing passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a dubbing between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a dubbing, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a dubbing is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a dubbing proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a dubbing, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a dubbing and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a dubbing consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a dubbing takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What dubbing is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of dubbing are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is dubbing operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of dubbing and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of dubbing?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as dubbing?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a dubbing came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a dubbing and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a dubbing is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a dubbing, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a dubbing, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a dubbing is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }