{ "model": { "rank": 4874, "code": "thing-q187706", "model_id": "vr.tr.vitamin-b12", "name": "vitamin B12", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify vitamin B12 material, assess its form and condition, and determine its suitability for a specified use.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q187706/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cyanocobalamin" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q187706", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187706", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:10:43Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 25.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08801-46a0-7520-bce0-ccbad4212aa6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: vitamin B12\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08801-4695-7a61-85b1-469115b5c781\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: vitamin B12\nRegistry id: vr.tr.vitamin-b12\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q187706", "registryId": "vr.tr.vitamin-b12", "name": "vitamin B12", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q187706/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.vitamin-b12", "name": "vitamin B12", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify vitamin B12 material, assess its form and condition, and determine its suitability for a specified use.", "definition": "Vitamin B12 is a family of water-soluble, cobalt-containing corrinoids called cobalamins whose biologically active forms serve as cofactors for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase in humans.", "scope_statement": "This model owns vitamin B12 as the family of cobalamin substances with vitamin B12 activity, including form-specific identity, composition, biological relevance, quality and handling; it does not equate the family with a single chemical species or finished product.", "in_scope": [ "Cobalamin form, molecular identity and form-specific identifiers", "Composition, concentration, purity and distinction from inactive corrinoid analogues", "Physical state, degradation and storage conditions", "Evidence of vitamin activity and suitability for a stated application", "Material provenance, grade and applicable handling constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Finished supplements, fortified foods and medicinal formulations as products", "Patient vitamin B12 status, deficiency diagnosis and treatment decisions", "Organisms and industrial processes that produce cobalamins", "Other B vitamins and corrinoids without established vitamin B12 activity", "Laboratory instruments and assay procedures as independently managed things" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish a cobalamin identity through evidence of the cobalt-containing corrin structure and relevant nucleotide component, rather than treating every cobalt-containing compound as vitamin B12.", "Distinguish cyanocobalamin, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin by the cobalt-associated upper ligand and verified chemical form.", "Separate nutritionally relevant cobalamins from corrinoid analogues; a broad assay response alone does not establish equivalent vitamin activity.", "Distinguish the identified B12 substance from the total mass of its solution, carrier mixture, food matrix or finished dosage form." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Cobalamin form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "cyanocobalamin | hydroxocobalamin | methylcobalamin | adenosylcobalamin | identified mixture | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Chemical identity, analytical interpretation and suitability depend on the form present." }, { "name": "Chemical identity references", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified structure and form-specific CAS, PubChem or EC records where applicable", "why_it_matters": "A family name must not silently inherit the identifiers of one member, salt or hydrate." }, { "name": "B12 content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µg/g, mg/g, µg/mL or mol/L, with named analytes and measurement basis", "why_it_matters": "Content must distinguish actual cobalamin quantity from the mass of a preparation." }, { "name": "Purity and corrinoid profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or validated analytical proportion, with individual forms, analogues and impurities identified", "why_it_matters": "Total corrinoid signal can conceal a composition unsuitable for the intended use." }, { "name": "Physical presentation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Solid | dissolved | dispersed; include solvent, carrier, hydration and relevant conditions", "why_it_matters": "Presentation affects sampling, concentration interpretation and stability." }, { "name": "Identity and content evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Analytical method, reference standard, report, sampling date and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "An agent needs to know which conclusions the measurement actually supports." }, { "name": "Stability condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Within supported conditions | excursion under assessment | degradation demonstrated | unknown", "why_it_matters": "The initial certificate does not establish the current condition after storage or exposure." }, { "name": "Exposure history", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in °C, duration, light exposure, humidity where relevant, and solution pH", "why_it_matters": "Form and matrix determine how environmental exposure affects retained identity and content." }, { "name": "Material grade and intended use", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Reference standard | research reagent | food ingredient | pharmaceutical material | other documented grade", "why_it_matters": "Suitability follows documented specifications, not the vitamin name alone." }, { "name": "Use and handling authority", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable specification, safety data sheet and jurisdiction-specific use requirements, each with version and date", "why_it_matters": "Handling and permitted applications must be evaluated for the actual material and context." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a vitamin B12 label to an evidenced cobalamin form or record the identity as unresolved.", "Compare measured B12 content and impurity profiles against a stated material specification.", "Convert content between mass and molar quantities when molecular identity and measurement basis are established.", "Assess whether storage history warrants continued use, retesting or quarantine.", "Determine whether available evidence supports a proposed research, food or pharmaceutical application.", "Link the substance to containing products and biological processes without transferring their properties to the substance itself." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "cobalamin-identity", "name": "Cobalamin identity", "description": "Establish which chemical member or mixture the vitamin B12 name denotes.", "rationale": "Vitamin B12 is used as a family name and as shorthand for particular forms, creating consequential identity ambiguity.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-form", "name": "Molecular form", "description": "Resolve structural features that distinguish cobalamins and neighbouring corrinoids.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-assignment", "name": "Form assignment", "description": "Record the supported cobalamin identity, including ligand, salt or hydration details where relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which cobalamin form or mixture is present, and what analytical evidence establishes that assignment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "form-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence distinguish the material from non-B12 corrinoids and inactive analogues?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identity-records", "name": "Identity records", "description": "Connect the established form to authoritative chemical records.", "findings": [ { "id": "identifier-fit", "name": "Identifier fit", "description": "Keep family-level names separate from identifiers and constants belonging to a specific chemical form.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which verified CAS, PubChem and EC records describe this exact form rather than vitamin B12 generically?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identifier-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Do the formula and molar mass include the actual counterions, hydration or solvation state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "identifier-fit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-analytical-quality", "name": "Content and analytical quality", "description": "Establish how much relevant B12 is present and what the analytical evidence can resolve.", "rationale": "A preparation's mass and a total corrinoid assay result are not interchangeable with verified B12 content.", "layers": [ { "id": "quantity-basis", "name": "Quantity basis", "description": "Express content with explicit analytes, units and material basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-b12-content", "name": "Attributable B12 content", "description": "Record form-specific or justified total B12 content without counting carriers as vitamin.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the measured content of each identified B12 form, in which units and on an as-received or dry basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-b12-content-q01" }, { "text": "If total B12 is reported, which forms are summed and how are their different molecular masses handled?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-b12-content-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "selectivity-and-impurities", "name": "Selectivity and impurities", "description": "Determine whether analysis separates relevant forms, analogues and degradation products.", "findings": [ { "id": "assay-interpretability", "name": "Assay interpretability", "description": "Tie identity, purity and content conclusions to method selectivity and reference materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the assay distinguish the named cobalamins from corrinoid analogues and degradation products in this matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "assay-interpretability-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference standards, recovery results and uncertainty estimates support the reported content and impurity profile?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assay-interpretability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-relevance", "name": "Biological relevance", "description": "Describe the relationship between chemical form and supported vitamin or cofactor activity.", "rationale": "Chemical detection, nutritional relevance and biochemical cofactor function are distinct conclusions.", "layers": [ { "id": "activity-context", "name": "Activity context", "description": "Identify the biological setting in which activity is established.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-activity", "name": "Supported activity", "description": "Record whether evidence concerns a cofactor role, conversion to an active form or a particular biological assay.", "questions": [ { "text": "For which organism, enzyme system or nutritional context is this form's B12 activity established?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-activity-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence concern direct cofactor function, metabolic conversion or only an assay response?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-activity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "availability-boundaries", "name": "Availability boundaries", "description": "Separate substance properties from effects introduced by matrices and biological recipients.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-of-equivalence", "name": "Limits of equivalence", "description": "Constrain comparisons between forms to the conditions supported by evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence supports treating these B12 forms as equivalent for the proposed application?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "limits-of-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "Which availability claims depend on a containing product, route of administration or recipient and therefore belong to a neighbouring model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "limits-of-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-stability", "name": "Physical state and stability", "description": "Track presentation, environmental conditions and changes in cobalamin integrity.", "rationale": "Current usability depends on the actual form, matrix and exposure history.", "layers": [ { "id": "presentation-and-properties", "name": "Presentation and properties", "description": "Describe the material state and condition-dependent physical properties.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-specific-properties", "name": "Condition-specific properties", "description": "Associate solubility and thermal observations with the identified form and test conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the B12 a solid, solution or dispersion, and what solvent, carrier, temperature and pH define that state?", "kind": "definition", "id": "condition-specific-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which solubility or thermal data apply to this form, and do reported thermal events represent melting or decomposition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-specific-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "integrity-over-time", "name": "Integrity over time", "description": "Relate storage and handling history to demonstrated retention of identity and content.", "findings": [ { "id": "stability-disposition", "name": "Stability disposition", "description": "Use applicable stability evidence to decide whether the material remains suitable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes acceptable light, temperature, moisture and solution conditions for this form and matrix?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "stability-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Do documented excursions or analytical changes require retesting, quarantine or rejection for the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "stability-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-use-suitability", "name": "Provenance and use suitability", "description": "Connect the material's origin and specification to justified uses and handling decisions.", "rationale": "Being identified as vitamin B12 does not establish a material's grade, permitted application or handling requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "lot-and-grade-evidence", "name": "Lot and grade evidence", "description": "Trace the assessed material to its supplier, lot and applicable quality requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification-conformance", "name": "Specification conformance", "description": "Assess whether lot evidence supports the claimed grade and intended application.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier, lot, production origin and certificate of analysis describe the material being assessed?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "specification-conformance-q01" }, { "text": "Does this lot meet the identity, content, impurity and other quality criteria required for its intended grade?", "kind": "action", "id": "specification-conformance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-permitted-use", "name": "Handling and permitted use", "description": "Resolve safety and use constraints for the actual chemical form and preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-use-decision", "name": "Contextual use decision", "description": "Ground use and handling decisions in applicable documentation without inferring them from nutritional importance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety classification, exposure limits if established, and handling instructions apply to this exact material and jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contextual-use-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Is the proposed application supported by the relevant form, grade and jurisdiction-specific requirements?", "kind": "action", "id": "contextual-use-decision-q02" }, { "text": "Which handling requirements arise from B12 itself and which arise from solvents, carriers or other formulation components?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "contextual-use-decision-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This describes the nutritional cobalamin family; some chemical catalogs use vitamin B12 more narrowly for cyanocobalamin.", "Identifiers, purity requirements, physical constants, and hazard classifications must be checked for the exact form, hydration state, and preparation.", "These statements are recalled knowledge, not researched findings; current regulatory and pharmacopoeial details require verification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cyanocobalamin", "Hydroxocobalamin", "Methylcobalamin", "Adenosylcobalamin (5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "68-19-9", "note": "Identifies cyanocobalamin specifically; the vitamin B12 family does not have a single identifier covering all forms." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "Positive integer assigned to a compound record", "note": "Specify the cobalamin form before assigning a compound identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, issued by the United States Pharmacopeial Convention: monographs specify identity and quality requirements for cyanocobalamin and relevant preparations.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by the European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare: monographs establish quality requirements for specified cobalamin substances and preparations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Nutritional supplementation and food fortification.", "Medicinal replacement of vitamin B12 in deficiency.", "Hydroxocobalamin as a cyanide antidote in a specific medicinal formulation.", "Microbiological and biochemical assays involving vitamin-dependent growth or enzyme activity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass of cyanocobalamin", "typical_range": "Approximately 1355.37", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Cobalt atoms per cobalamin molecule", "typical_range": "1", "unit": "atom/molecule" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Light exposure and unsuitable processing or storage conditions can degrade cobalamins; stability depends on the form and formulation.", "Some corrinoid analogues lack vitamin B12 activity in humans and can confound assays that do not adequately distinguish them.", "Cobalt sensitivity or hypersensitivity to a preparation can cause adverse reactions.", "Confusing substance identity, assay basis, or formulation concentration can produce potency and dosing errors.", "Insufficient intake or impaired absorption can cause deficiency with hematologic and neurologic consequences." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Permitted forms, labeling requirements, and classification as a food ingredient, supplement, or medicine depend on jurisdiction and intended use.", "Pharmacopoeial requirements depend on the applicable compendium and edition." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Corrinoids", "difference": "Corrinoids are the broader structural class; membership alone does not establish vitamin B12 activity in humans." }, { "name": "Cyanocobalamin", "difference": "Cyanocobalamin is one defined B12 form with a cyano upper axial ligand, whereas vitamin B12 can denote the family." }, { "name": "Cobalt", "difference": "Cobalt is the chemical element coordinated within cobalamins; elemental cobalt or cobalt salts are not vitamin B12." }, { "name": "Vitamin B12 supplement", "difference": "A supplement is a formulated product containing a specified cobalamin form and other ingredients." }, { "name": "Vitamin B12 deficiency", "difference": "Deficiency is a physiological condition involving inadequate available B12, not the substance itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of vitamin B12 this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend vitamin B12 to denote the cobalamin vitamin family or specifically cyanocobalamin, and is an existing Vercy model already authoritative for that scope?", "Which chemical identifiers and reference specifications should anchor each included form, salt and hydration state?", "Which methods reliably distinguish nutritionally relevant B12 from corrinoid analogues in the matrices this registry must support?", "What form-specific stability evidence supports storage conditions, retest intervals and responses to exposure excursions?", "Which intended applications and jurisdictions must be covered before safety classifications and use permissions can be resolved?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a vitamin B12, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify vitamin B12 material, assess its form and condition, and determine its suitability for a specified use.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cyanocobalamin.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a vitamin B12, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cyanocobalamin" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one vitamin B12 from another, and a vitamin B12 from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a vitamin B12 sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a vitamin B12 from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a vitamin B12 is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a vitamin B12 is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a vitamin B12 is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a vitamin B12 is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a vitamin B12 is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a vitamin B12 is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a vitamin B12 passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a vitamin B12 between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a vitamin B12, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a vitamin B12 is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a vitamin B12 and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a vitamin B12 is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a vitamin B12 performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a vitamin B12.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a vitamin B12 at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a vitamin B12 there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What vitamin B12 is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name vitamin B12 unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of vitamin B12 exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How vitamin B12 behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of vitamin B12, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is vitamin B12 incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How vitamin B12 can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is vitamin B12 classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover vitamin B12, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a vitamin B12 came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a vitamin B12 and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a vitamin B12 is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a vitamin B12, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a vitamin B12, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a vitamin B12 is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }