{ "model": { "rank": 5858, "code": "thing-q188017", "model_id": "vr.tr.l-tyrosine", "name": "L-tyrosine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-tyrosine, assess the identity and condition of material containing it, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q188017/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "tyrosine phosphorylation" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q188017", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188017", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:43:08Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04048602, "turns": 2, "seconds": 169.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 102.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b3d-70c0-73a0-8949-eccde6520669\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: L-tyrosine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.l-tyrosine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q188017", "registryId": "vr.tr.l-tyrosine", "name": "L-tyrosine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q188017/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.l-tyrosine", "name": "L-tyrosine", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-tyrosine, assess the identity and condition of material containing it, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "definition": "L-Tyrosine is the proteinogenic L-enantiomer of 2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (4-hydroxyphenylalanine), a polar aromatic amino acid encoded by UAC/UAU that animals make from L-phenylalanine and that is the metabolic precursor of catecholamines, thyroid hormones and melanin.", "scope_statement": "Owns the substance identity and material-state requirements for vr.tr.l-tyrosine in PHY / PHY.MAT, including free L-tyrosine in solids, solutions and mixtures, with explicit boundaries to derivatives, protein residues and finished products.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity, para-hydroxyl substitution and L stereochemistry", "Evidence distinguishing free L-tyrosine from bound residues and modified compounds", "Batch composition, chemical assay, enantiomeric composition and impurities", "Solid or dissolved state, concentration and preparation conditions", "Storage history, condition changes and evidence supporting a proposed material use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Protein sequences, residue positions and protein modification states", "Independent substance models for D-tyrosine, positional isomers and covalent derivatives", "Finished supplement formulations, packaging and commercial product claims", "Patient-specific dosing, diagnosis and treatment decisions", "Whole-organism metabolism and regulation of biosynthetic pathways" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Confirm the structure of (2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, rather than accepting an unqualified 'tyrosine' label. [ChEBI](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchFreeText.do?searchString=17895)", "Use stereochemistry-resolving evidence to distinguish L-tyrosine from D-tyrosine or a DL mixture; molecular formula alone cannot establish the L configuration. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/tyrosine)", "Establish that the ring hydroxyl occupies the para position; L-m-tyrosine instead has its hydroxyl at position 3. [PubChem L-m-tyrosine](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6950578)", "Check molecular connectivity and the analytical preparation to distinguish free L-tyrosine from a tyrosyl group in a larger molecule. [ChEBI L-tyrosyl group](https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=32764)", "Use the reference formula C9H11NO3 as a consistency check, alongside structure-specific evidence, when distinguishing L-tyrosine from differently composed substances. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/tyrosine)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Reference structure, analytical report, method and tested sample", "why_it_matters": "Connects the claimed identity to evidence that can resolve relevant alternatives." }, { "name": "Stereochemical composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "L and D mole fractions or enantiomeric excess, with method and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Separates confirmation of tyrosine from confirmation of L-tyrosine." }, { "name": "Molecular context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Free amino acid; ionic form with specified counterions; covalent derivative; bound residue; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the material belongs directly to this model or requires a related substance or macromolecule model." }, { "name": "L-tyrosine content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction, mg/g or mol/L, with as-received or dry basis and assay selectivity", "why_it_matters": "Supports material accounting without equating nominal ingredient mass with measured L-tyrosine." }, { "name": "Related substances and contaminants", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named analytes in %, mg/kg or method-appropriate units, including reporting limits", "why_it_matters": "Allows suitability decisions to distinguish stereochemical impurities, other organic compounds and process contaminants." }, { "name": "Physical presentation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Powder; crystalline solid; solution; suspension; mixture; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines sampling, weighing, dissolution and homogeneity requirements." }, { "name": "Solution conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH, temperature in °C, solvent composition and concentration in mol/L or g/L", "why_it_matters": "Makes dissolution and concentration observations interpretable and reproducible." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "% mass fraction with method; distinguish water-specific testing from loss on drying", "why_it_matters": "Supports assay-basis conversion and investigation of changes in solid material." }, { "name": "Batch and processing provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Supplier lot, production route if known, certificate, sampling record and preparation history", "why_it_matters": "Links analytical evidence and processing effects to the particular material being considered." }, { "name": "Use eligibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed; supported for named use; conditionally supported; quarantined; rejected", "why_it_matters": "Keeps suitability specific to an evidenced use and acceptance specification." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a tyrosine-labelled material to confirmed L-tyrosine, a mixture or an unresolved identity.", "Select identity and purity tests that address stereochemistry, positional isomers and free-versus-bound material.", "Calculate the required material amount from measured content, water basis and requested concentration.", "Prepare and verify a solution or suspension under recorded solvent, pH and temperature conditions.", "Compare batch evidence with the requirements of a named analytical, manufacturing or formulation use.", "Quarantine, retest or release material when condition changes or evidence gaps affect that use." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "pubchem-6057", "title": "L-Tyrosine", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-Tyrosine", "what_it_supports": "IUPAC name, formula C9H11NO3, mass, CAS 60-18-4, InChIKey, UNII, EC number, ChEBI, roles as metabolite and nutraceutical", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "chebi-17895", "title": "L-tyrosine (CHEBI:17895)", "url": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:17895", "what_it_supports": "ChEBI definition as the optically active L-form of tyrosine; structure and registry numbers", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikidata-q188017", "title": "L-tyrosine (Q188017)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188017", "what_it_supports": "Wikidata item and crosswalk of CAS, InChIKey, UNII, EC number, ChemSpider", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "wikipedia-tyrosine", "title": "Tyrosine", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine", "what_it_supports": "Proteinogenic status, Tyr/Y symbols, codons, dietary sources, ortho/meta isomers, industrial routes, use in supplements and foods", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "usp-tyrosine", "title": "USP-NF monograph Tyrosine", "url": "https://doi.org/10.31003/USPNF_M87220_05_01", "what_it_supports": "Pharmacopeial identity of l-tyrosine CAS 60-18-4, UNII 42HK56048U, assay 98.5-101.5% dried, specific rotation −9.8° to −11.2°", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "fcc-l-tyrosine", "title": "FCC monograph l-Tyrosine", "url": "https://doi.org/10.31003/fcc_f101099_04_01", "what_it_supports": "Food-grade description, formula weight 181.19, solubility statement (1 g in about 230 mL water)", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "pheur-1161", "title": "Tyrosine (Ph. Eur. monograph 1161)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "European pharmacopeial definition, content 99.0-101.0% dried, appearance and solubility, fermentation or protein-hydrolysis origin" }, { "id": "efsa-2013-3310", "title": "Scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of L-tyrosine for all animal species", "url": "https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/3310", "what_it_supports": "Feed-additive safety limits, production from feather-keratin hydrolysate, animal hazards at high inclusion, coat-colour use in cats", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "hmdb-0000158", "title": "Showing metabocard for L-Tyrosine (HMDB0000158)", "url": "https://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000158", "what_it_supports": "Metabolite identity, synonyms including p-tyrosine, CAS, InChIKey, occurrence across organisms", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "vkm-2016-tyrosine", "title": "Risk assessment of \"other substances\" - L-tyrosine", "url": "https://vkm.no/download/18.645b840415d03a2fe8f25cb4/1502802270055/4c3f1ebe77.pdf", "what_it_supports": "Norwegian food-safety opinion that 1250-2000 mg/day in food supplements may pose a risk in children, adolescents and adults", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "molecular-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Molecular identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes which chemical entity a record denotes and whether the observed material supports that identity.", "rationale": "A tyrosine name or formula does not by itself settle stereochemistry, substitution position or molecular context.", "layers": [ { "id": "structure-and-stereochemistry", "name": "Structure and stereochemistry", "description": "Separates structural identification from confirmation of the L configuration.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-resolution", "name": "Identity resolution", "description": "Record the claimed structure and evidence capable of excluding the relevant tyrosine alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the reference identity specify para-hydroxyphenylalanine with the L configuration?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements distinguish this sample from D-tyrosine, DL-tyrosine and other hydroxyl-position isomers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "identity-resolution-q02" }, { "text": "Which identity claims rely only on a label or certificate rather than a sample-specific test?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-resolution-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "free-substance-and-related-entities", "name": "Free substance and related entities", "description": "Places ionic forms, covalent modifications and bound tyrosine in explicit relationships to the registered substance.", "findings": [ { "id": "molecular-context-boundary", "name": "Molecular context boundary", "description": "Record whether the observation concerns free L-tyrosine, a specified ionic preparation or tyrosine incorporated into another entity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material free L-tyrosine, a counterion-containing preparation, a covalent derivative or a bound residue?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "molecular-context-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Was the reported tyrosine present before analysis, or released by hydrolysis during sample preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "molecular-context-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "Which related model owns any derivative, protein or finished formulation associated with this record?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "molecular-context-boundary-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-analytical-confidence", "name": "Composition and analytical confidence", "description": "Describes how much L-tyrosine is present and which analytical uncertainties limit that statement.", "rationale": "Total tyrosine, L-tyrosine content and overall chemical purity must remain distinguishable.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-reporting-basis", "name": "Assay and reporting basis", "description": "Makes content results usable for comparison and material calculations.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-content", "name": "Interpretable content", "description": "Require a selective assay, explicit reporting basis and representative sampling for each content value.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the assay measure L-tyrosine specifically, total tyrosine or a less selective response?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-content-q01" }, { "text": "Is content reported on an as-received, dried or other corrected basis, and what corrections were applied?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-content-q02" }, { "text": "Which sample, reference standard and calibration establish the reported result?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-content-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impurities-and-method-coverage", "name": "Impurities and method coverage", "description": "Separates demonstrated impurity control from substances the testing did not address.", "findings": [ { "id": "resolved-impurity-profile", "name": "Resolved impurity profile", "description": "Record identified impurities, unresolved signals and the limits of the methods used.", "questions": [ { "text": "What limits or measured values are available for D-tyrosine, related amino acids and positional isomers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-impurity-profile-q01" }, { "text": "Which process contaminants or residual solvents were tested, and which remain unassessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "resolved-impurity-profile-q02" }, { "text": "Do unresolved peaks or insufficient detection limits require additional testing before the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "resolved-impurity-profile-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-solution-preparation", "name": "Physical state and solution preparation", "description": "Connects solid-material observations to dissolution, concentration and sampling decisions.", "rationale": "A weighed amount does not establish the dissolved L-tyrosine concentration or homogeneity of a preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-presentation", "name": "Solid presentation", "description": "Captures solid-state observations relevant to representative sampling and preparation.", "findings": [ { "id": "weighable-and-representative-material", "name": "Weighable and representative material", "description": "Record water content, particle presentation and heterogeneity when they affect assay or preparation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What water-content or drying evidence supports the mass basis used for this L-tyrosine solid?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "weighable-and-representative-material-q01" }, { "text": "Are caking, particle-size differences or visible heterogeneity affecting sampling or dissolution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "weighable-and-representative-material-q02" }, { "text": "Does the intended operation require solid-form identification or particle-size control beyond the available evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "weighable-and-representative-material-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "dissolution-and-speciation", "name": "Dissolution and speciation", "description": "Records the conditions under which material is dissolved and the resulting preparation verified.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-solution-state", "name": "Verified solution state", "description": "Keep nominal loading, dissolved concentration and the effects of acid or base additions explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what solvent composition, pH and temperature was the preparation made and assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-solution-state-q01" }, { "text": "Is the stated concentration based on material added or measured dissolved L-tyrosine, and is undissolved material present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-solution-state-q02" }, { "text": "If acid or base was added, what counterions and final conditions must be recorded before using the preparation?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-solution-state-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-condition-over-time", "name": "Provenance and condition over time", "description": "Tracks how a particular L-tyrosine material was produced, handled and reassessed.", "rationale": "Evidence for one lot or preparation cannot automatically establish the identity or current condition of another.", "layers": [ { "id": "lot-and-preparation-lineage", "name": "Lot and preparation lineage", "description": "Connects received material and subsequent preparations to their supporting records.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-tyrosine-material", "name": "Traceable tyrosine material", "description": "Maintain the lineage linking supplier material, tested samples and derived aliquots or solutions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier lot and certificate apply to this material, and do they explicitly identify L-tyrosine?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-tyrosine-material-q01" }, { "text": "What is known about the production and purification route that could guide impurity testing?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-tyrosine-material-q02" }, { "text": "Which dissolution, filtration, drying or other processing steps separate this material from the tested lot?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-tyrosine-material-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-reassessment", "name": "Storage and reassessment", "description": "Relates exposure history and observed changes to evidence for continued suitability.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-supported-by-evidence", "name": "Condition supported by evidence", "description": "Record storage conditions and changes without assigning an unsupported universal shelf life.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, moisture, light and container exposure history is documented for the solid or solution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-supported-by-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Have colour, precipitation, assay or impurity results changed relative to an established baseline?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-supported-by-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which documented excursion or change triggers retesting, quarantine or disposal under the applicable specification?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-supported-by-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-specific-material-decisions", "name": "Use-specific material decisions", "description": "Translates identity, composition and condition evidence into bounded material actions.", "rationale": "L-tyrosine identity alone does not establish suitability for an analytical standard, process input or formulation ingredient.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use-and-acceptance", "name": "Intended use and acceptance", "description": "Defines the particular operation and evidence needed to accept material for it.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-bound-eligibility", "name": "Use-bound eligibility", "description": "Attach eligibility to a named use, an explicit specification and the evidence satisfying it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the material intended as an analytical standard, synthesis input, culture-medium component or formulation ingredient?", "kind": "definition", "id": "use-bound-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which identity, stereochemical purity, content and contamination requirements apply to that use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-bound-eligibility-q02" }, { "text": "Which unmet or untested requirement prevents release for the intended operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-bound-eligibility-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "quantity-and-operation-controls", "name": "Quantity and operation controls", "description": "Makes preparation and transfer decisions consistent with the actual material and its approved use.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-based-material-action", "name": "Evidence-based material action", "description": "Record the calculation and operating references supporting a proposed handling or preparation step.", "questions": [ { "text": "What mass or volume supplies the requested L-tyrosine amount after accounting for assay basis and measured concentration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "evidence-based-material-action-q01" }, { "text": "Which material-specific safety data and procedure govern weighing, transfer, preparation and waste handling?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-based-material-action-q02" }, { "text": "Does the request concern material handling, or must a patient-specific administration decision be routed to a clinical model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "evidence-based-material-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Free crystalline L-tyrosine (food, feed, pharmacopeial and supplement grades)", "Protein residue Tyr/Y in polypeptides", "N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (soluble parenteral-nutrition form)", "D-tyrosine and DL-tyrosine (enantiomer and racemate)", "para-tyrosine versus meta- and ortho-tyrosine (ring positional isomers)", "O-phospho-L-tyrosine (post-translational modification)", "3-iodo- and 3,5-diiodo-L-tyrosine (thyroid-hormone intermediates)", "3-nitrotyrosine (nitrative-stress marker)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q188017", "note": "item L-tyrosine" }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "60-18-4", "note": "L-enantiomer; DL-tyrosine is 556-03-6" }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "6057", "note": "L-Tyrosine" }, { "scheme": "ChEBI", "value_or_pattern": "CHEBI:17895", "note": "L-tyrosine; secondary IDs include CHEBI:46161" }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N", "note": "stereospecific L-key; racemate key is OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N" }, { "scheme": "UNII", "value_or_pattern": "42HK56048U", "note": "FDA Global Substance Registration System" }, { "scheme": "EC / EINECS", "value_or_pattern": "200-460-4", "note": "ECHA InfoCard 100.000.419" }, { "scheme": "IUPAC/IUBMB residue codes", "value_or_pattern": "Tyr / Y", "note": "three-letter and one-letter protein codes; mRNA codons UAC and UAU" }, { "scheme": "KEGG COMPOUND", "value_or_pattern": "C00082", "note": "L-Tyrosine" }, { "scheme": "HMDB", "value_or_pattern": "HMDB0000158", "note": "also HMDB0000647" }, { "scheme": "DrugBank", "value_or_pattern": "DB00135", "note": "tyrosine" }, { "scheme": "EPA CompTox", "value_or_pattern": "DTXSID1023730", "note": "DSSTox substance id" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "USP-NF monograph Tyrosine (United States Pharmacopeial Convention): NLT 98.5% and NMT 101.5% l-tyrosine on the dried basis", "Ph. Eur. monograph 1161 Tyrosine (EDQM): 99.0-101.0% dried substance, product of fermentation or protein hydrolysis", "Food Chemicals Codex monograph l-Tyrosine (USP FCC)", "EFSA FEEDAP Scientific Opinion (EFSA Journal 2013;11(7):3310) on L-tyrosine as a feed additive for all animal species", "EU feed-additive authorisation following that opinion (European Commission / EFSA)", "US Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (FDA): amino acids may be marketed as dietary supplements without premarket approval of efficacy", "Norwegian VKM 2016 risk assessment of L-tyrosine as an \"other substance\" in food supplements (Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety)", "REACH/CLP listing under EC 200-460-4 (ECHA); TSCA listing in the United States (EPA)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Residue in essentially all proteins and in recombinant biologics; one of the 20 standard coded amino acids", "Oral dietary-supplement powder or capsules, typically taken before acute stress or cognitive load", "Component of intravenous amino-acid solutions for parenteral nutrition; free tyrosine is poorly soluble so N-acetyl-L-tyrosine is often used instead", "Conditionally essential nutrient in phenylketonuria, where conversion from phenylalanine is blocked", "Feed additive, including to support melanin-dependent coat colour in cats", "Ingredient in cell-culture media and a starting material for peptide synthesis", "Industrial precursor manufactured by protein hydrolysis (historically feather keratin) or by fermentation with engineered microbes", "Clinical laboratory analyte in plasma/urine amino-acid profiles and in the work-up of tyrosinemia and PKU" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "molar mass", "typical_range": "181.19", "unit": "g·mol⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "water solubility of the free acid", "typical_range": "about 0.45 at 25 °C (Ph. Eur. very slightly soluble); FCC states 1 g in about 230 mL", "unit": "g·L⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "specific optical rotation [α] (USP: 50 mg·mL⁻¹ in 1 N HCl)", "typical_range": "−9.8 to −11.2", "unit": "°" }, { "quantity": "melting / decomposition", "typical_range": ">300 (decomposition)", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "pharmacopeial assay (dried substance)", "typical_range": "98.5-101.5 (USP); 99.0-101.0 (Ph. Eur.)", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "loss on drying (105 °C)", "typical_range": "NMT 0.3 (USP); max 0.5 (Ph. Eur.)", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "common labeled oral supplement dose", "typical_range": "500-2000", "unit": "mg·day⁻¹" }, { "quantity": "EFSA-considered safe feed inclusion", "typical_range": "0.5 of diet (food-producing animals); 1.5 (non-food-producing animals)", "unit": "%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Inborn errors of tyrosine catabolism (tyrosinemia types I-III) cause hepatic, renal and oculocutaneous injury from tyrosine and metabolite accumulation", "Excess dietary tyrosine in animals can depress growth and cause eye lesions; EFSA flags behavioural changes in young animals at high inclusion", "Norwegian VKM judged 1250-2000 mg/day in food supplements as a possible health risk across age groups", "Very low water solubility of the free acid causes precipitation in liquid formulations and complicates parenteral nutrition unless an acetylated form is used", "EFSA, in the absence of data, treated the feed-grade hydrolysate as potentially irritating to skin and eyes, a potential dermal sensitiser, and hazardous by inhalation", "In PKU, inadequate tyrosine intake follows from blocked phenylalanine hydroxylation", "Phenol side-chain oxidation (dityrosine, DOPA, quinones, nitrotyrosine) degrades protein quality and is a stress biomarker rather than a benign impurity" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Commerce and US supplement labels usually say L-Tyrosine; Ph. Eur./BP titles the monograph Tyrosine and require the L-configuration by specific rotation", "US marketing as a dietary supplement under DSHEA versus EU treatment as a food-supplement \"other substance\" and as an authorised feed additive after EFSA", "Parenteral-nutrition practice commonly substitutes N-acetyl-L-tyrosine for free L-tyrosine because of solubility; formula composition still differs by region and product", "Norwegian risk assessment is more cautious on high-dose supplements than the open US supplement market", "Industrial origin is specified in Ph. Eur. as fermentation or protein hydrolysis; the 2013 EFSA dossier was a feather-keratin acid hydrolysate" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "L-phenylalanine", "difference": "Lacks the para-phenolic hydroxyl; precursor via phenylalanine hydroxylase. Separate by HPLC retention, UV maximum (Tyr ~275 nm vs Phe ~258 nm) and the 4-OH in the molecular formula." }, { "name": "L-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine)", "difference": "Extra ring hydroxyl (catechol). Distinguish by mass +16 Da versus tyrosine, catechol colour tests, and its use as a dopamine-replacement drug rather than a proteinogenic residue." }, { "name": "D-tyrosine", "difference": "Opposite α-carbon configuration (CAS 556-02-5). Chiral HPLC or USP/Ph. Eur. specific rotation in acid (L is levorotatory, about −10°) separates the enantiomers." }, { "name": "DL-tyrosine", "difference": "Racemate, CAS 556-03-6, InChIKey OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N. Optical inactivity plus the racemic InChIKey distinguish it from L-tyrosine." }, { "name": "m-tyrosine and o-tyrosine", "difference": "Hydroxyl at ring position 3 or 2 rather than 4; arise from non-enzymatic radical hydroxylation of phenylalanine. Reverse-phase HPLC and aromatic ¹H NMR chemical shifts separate the regioisomers." }, { "name": "N-acetyl-L-tyrosine", "difference": "N-acetylated, much more water-soluble parenteral form; MS +42 Da and different pharmacopeial identity. It is not equivalent on a molar basis as a plasma-tyrosine source." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of L-tyrosine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, and how should this registry entry link to it without duplicating ownership?", "Which salts, hydrates, ionic representations and isotopically labelled forms should remain contextual forms of this entry rather than separate registered things?", "Which analytical methods and acceptance limits adequately resolve L-tyrosine from D-tyrosine and positional isomers in the intended sample matrices?", "What measured solubility and stability evidence supports the actual solvent, pH, temperature, concentration and storage conditions users need?", "Which use-specific specifications and production-route evidence are available to establish relevant impurity limits and release criteria?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 38 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a L-tyrosine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise L-tyrosine, assess the identity and condition of material containing it, and determine which handling or use actions are supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: tyrosine phosphorylation.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a L-tyrosine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "tyrosine phosphorylation" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one L-tyrosine from another, and a L-tyrosine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a L-tyrosine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a L-tyrosine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a L-tyrosine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a L-tyrosine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a L-tyrosine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a L-tyrosine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a L-tyrosine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a L-tyrosine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a L-tyrosine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a L-tyrosine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a L-tyrosine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a L-tyrosine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a L-tyrosine and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a L-tyrosine is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a L-tyrosine performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a L-tyrosine.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a L-tyrosine at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a L-tyrosine there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What L-tyrosine is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name L-tyrosine unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of L-tyrosine exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How L-tyrosine behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of L-tyrosine, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is L-tyrosine incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How L-tyrosine can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is L-tyrosine classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover L-tyrosine, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a L-tyrosine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a L-tyrosine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a L-tyrosine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a L-tyrosine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a L-tyrosine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a L-tyrosine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }