{ "model": { "rank": 5869, "code": "thing-q188686", "model_id": "vr.tr.military-occupation", "name": "military occupation", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a possible military occupation, assess territorial control and civilian conditions, and identify actions requiring legal review, protection measures or accountability.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q188686/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Military Administration", "Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast", "ōryō", "Soviet occupation of Bulgaria", "Soviet occupation of Afghanistan" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q188686", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188686", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:46:03Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0069751, "turns": 1, "seconds": 49.5, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 89.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b41-5623-7710-a931-d6661a694df0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: military occupation\nRegistry id: vr.tr.military-occupation\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q188686", "registryId": "vr.tr.military-occupation", "name": "military occupation", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q188686/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.military-occupation", "name": "military occupation", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a possible military occupation, assess territorial control and civilian conditions, and identify actions requiring legal review, protection measures or accountability.", "definition": "Military occupation is the effective control of foreign territory by a hostile armed force without transfer of sovereignty, a status of fact under international humanitarian law that continues while that control is maintained and the occupying power is bound by occupation law toward the territory and its inhabitants.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the territorially and temporally bounded relationship between a potentially occupying power, the territory under its authority, displaced or continuing local authorities, and the protected population, including evidence, competing classifications and changes in that relationship.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence of foreign military authority over a defined territory during a defined period", "Consent, contested authority and the basis for classifying the situation", "Allocation of authority among military forces, civilian administrators and local institutions", "Civilian protection, essential services and occupation-related restrictions", "Administration of public institutions, property and resources", "Changes in control, termination claims and continuing responsibilities" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The armed conflict as a whole, including campaign design and combat operations", "Sovereignty and territorial-title disputes considered independently of occupation", "Individual detention cases and individual criminal proceedings", "Displacement journeys and humanitarian programmes beyond their relationship to the occupation", "Military bases, peacekeeping missions and consensual deployments considered independently of a possible occupation", "The internal organisation of participating armed forces" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Test evidence of exercised or exercisable territorial authority against evidence of troop presence, raids or battlefield movement alone.", "Examine the source, scope, validity and continuation of consent when distinguishing occupation from an invited deployment.", "Distinguish authority over territory from the capacity to attack it, blockade it or control a particular route.", "Assess occupation separately from annexation declarations, sovereignty claims and the names used by participating authorities.", "Trace whose authority local administrators implement when distinguishing independent local government from administration attributable to an external power." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Assessment footprint", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Territory or subareas linked to assessment intervals and boundary evidence", "why_it_matters": "Control and classification may differ between locations and change over time." }, { "name": "Occupation assessment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Supported; not supported; contested; insufficient evidence, each attributed to an assessor, date and stated test", "why_it_matters": "Separates an evidence-based assessment from a party's declaration." }, { "name": "Authority exercised", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Documented functions such as policing, appointments, movement control, adjudication and revenue collection", "why_it_matters": "Shows what territorial authority consists of in practice." }, { "name": "Consent position", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Asserted; evidenced within a stated scope; disputed; withdrawn; absent; unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports examination of whether a foreign presence and its activities remain consensual." }, { "name": "Authority attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Actor-to-function relationships with evidence of direction, delegation and independent discretion", "why_it_matters": "Identifies who makes decisions and who can implement remedies." }, { "name": "Essential-service interruption", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hours or days interrupted, by service, locality and observation period", "why_it_matters": "Makes deterioration in civilian living conditions visible without treating it as proof of legal responsibility." }, { "name": "Civilian restriction profile", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Measures linked to affected groups, geographic reach, duration, issuing authority and review mechanism", "why_it_matters": "Supports scrutiny of the effects and justification of occupation-related restrictions." }, { "name": "Control transition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Establishing; continuing; expanding; contracting; transferring; claimed ended; unclear", "why_it_matters": "Triggers reassessment of boundaries, authority and continuing responsibilities." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare evidence against an explicit occupation test and produce a dated assessment with unresolved issues.", "Map territorial authority by place, function, actor and period.", "Flag civilian-protection concerns and connect them to the authority capable of addressing them.", "Assess a proposed administrative measure against verified applicable rules and route unresolved issues for legal review.", "Track challenges, remedies and implementation of corrective measures.", "Reassess the situation after withdrawal, transfer of authority or other material changes in control." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "gciv-art42", "title": "Convention (IV) respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land and its annex: Regulations concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land (Hague Regulations), Article 42", "url": "https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/hague-conv-iv-1907/regulations-art-42", "what_it_supports": "Canonical definition: a territory is occupied when actually placed under the authority of the hostile army; occupation extends only to territory where that authority is established and can be exercised.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "gciv-1949", "title": "Geneva Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949, Common Article 2 and Articles 47-78", "url": "https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/en/ihl-treaties/gciv-1949", "what_it_supports": "Applies occupation law in international armed conflict, including partial occupation and occupation of a High Contracting Party's territory, and sets the occupying power's duties toward protected persons.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "icrc-occupation", "title": "Occupation and international humanitarian law: questions and answers", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "ICRC restatement of the effective-control test, that occupation is a question of fact not declaration, and the occupant's limited authority and duties.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "unsc-res1483", "title": "Security Council resolution 1483 (2003) on the situation between Iraq and Kuwait", "url": "https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/496875", "what_it_supports": "UN recognition of occupying powers (the Authority) and the overlay of Security Council measures on Hague/Geneva occupation law in a contemporary occupation.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "occupation-determination", "name": "Occupation determination", "description": "Establish whether, where and when the situation warrants classification as military occupation.", "rationale": "The model must support recognition without substituting political labels or military presence for an evidenced assessment.", "layers": [ { "id": "territorial-authority", "name": "Territorial authority", "description": "Examine practical authority within a bounded area and period.", "findings": [ { "id": "authority-threshold", "name": "Authority threshold", "description": "Record the test being applied and evidence supporting or challenging its satisfaction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What verified test distinguishes occupation from temporary military presence in this assessment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authority-threshold-q01" }, { "text": "What dated observations show which authority can issue and enforce decisions in each assessed locality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authority-threshold-q02" }, { "text": "Which contested or intermittently controlled areas require separate assessments?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authority-threshold-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consent-and-classification", "name": "Consent and classification", "description": "Separate the deployment's asserted basis from the assessment of territorial authority.", "findings": [ { "id": "consent-and-competing-positions", "name": "Consent and competing positions", "description": "Record consent evidence and attributed classifications without treating either as self-validating.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who purported to consent to the foreign presence, with what authority, territorial scope, conditions and duration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "consent-and-competing-positions-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence concerns the validity, withdrawal or exceedance of that consent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "consent-and-competing-positions-q02" }, { "text": "Which institutions or parties classify the situation differently, and what evidence and legal reasoning do they provide?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "consent-and-competing-positions-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "exercise-of-occupying-authority", "name": "Exercise of occupying authority", "description": "Describe how military and administrative power operates across the territory.", "rationale": "An occupation assessment must identify practical decision-makers and distinguish direct rule from authority exercised through intermediaries.", "layers": [ { "id": "command-and-administration", "name": "Command and administration", "description": "Trace the allocation and exercise of governing functions.", "findings": [ { "id": "functional-authority-map", "name": "Functional authority map", "description": "Associate governing functions with actors and evidence of their actual decision-making power.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who appoints officials, directs police, operates courts and issues binding administrative orders?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "functional-authority-map-q01" }, { "text": "Which local bodies retain independent discretion, and which act under external direction or approval?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "functional-authority-map-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reach-and-enforcement", "name": "Reach and enforcement", "description": "Assess the practical reach of authority beyond formal organisational arrangements.", "findings": [ { "id": "practical-control-pattern", "name": "Practical control pattern", "description": "Record where authority is implemented, resisted, shared or absent.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and during which periods are orders implemented, blocked or displaced by another authority?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "practical-control-pattern-q01" }, { "text": "How do control of crossings, access routes and essential infrastructure affect the exercise of territorial authority?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "practical-control-pattern-q02" }, { "text": "Which changes in enforcement capacity should trigger reassessment of the occupation footprint?", "kind": "action", "id": "practical-control-pattern-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "civilian-protection-and-living-conditions", "name": "Civilian protection and living conditions", "description": "Track occupation-related effects on civilian security, movement and access to necessities.", "rationale": "Assessing the state of an occupation requires visibility into civilian conditions and the measures producing or remedying harm.", "layers": [ { "id": "coercive-measures", "name": "Coercive measures", "description": "Examine restrictions and enforcement measures affecting the population.", "findings": [ { "id": "restrictions-and-safeguards", "name": "Restrictions and safeguards", "description": "Record movement restrictions, detention practices and displacement measures together with their asserted basis and safeguards.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which groups are affected by curfews, checkpoints, detention, evacuation or relocation measures, and for how long?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "restrictions-and-safeguards-q01" }, { "text": "What orders, stated reasons and review procedures govern each measure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "restrictions-and-safeguards-q02" }, { "text": "Which reported effects require urgent protection action or specialised legal assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "restrictions-and-safeguards-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "necessities-and-humanitarian-access", "name": "Necessities and humanitarian access", "description": "Assess access to essential services and assistance under the prevailing authority arrangements.", "findings": [ { "id": "civilian-needs-and-response", "name": "Civilian needs and response", "description": "Connect documented shortages and access barriers to response capacity and decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What shortages or interruptions affect food, water, shelter, sanitation and medical care, by locality and population group?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "civilian-needs-and-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which authorities control relief entry, distribution and repair access, and what evidence explains delays or denials?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "civilian-needs-and-response-q02" }, { "text": "What corrective actions are available, who can carry them out, and how will their effects be verified?", "kind": "action", "id": "civilian-needs-and-response-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "administration-and-legal-constraints", "name": "Administration and legal constraints", "description": "Assess governing measures affecting institutions, property and resources against verified applicable rules.", "rationale": "The model must distinguish practical power to impose a measure from an established legal basis for doing so.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions-and-public-rules", "name": "Institutions and public rules", "description": "Examine changes to local law and governing institutions.", "findings": [ { "id": "administrative-change-review", "name": "Administrative change review", "description": "Record proposed or implemented legal and institutional changes and the basis for assessing them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which existing laws, courts or public institutions have been suspended, replaced or modified, and by which instrument?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "administrative-change-review-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified rules govern each change, and what facts are needed to assess its justification and limits?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "administrative-change-review-q02" }, { "text": "Should the proposed measure proceed, be modified or be referred for legal review on the available evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "administrative-change-review-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "property-resources-and-territorial-change", "name": "Property, resources and territorial change", "description": "Examine occupation-related control and alteration of land, assets and resources.", "findings": [ { "id": "asset-and-land-measures", "name": "Asset and land measures", "description": "Track requisition, seizure, destruction, resource use and changes affecting landholding or settlement.", "questions": [ { "text": "What property or resources are affected, who holds relevant rights, and which authority ordered the measure?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "asset-and-land-measures-q01" }, { "text": "What scale, duration and reversibility do the measures have, including effects on residents' access to land and homes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "asset-and-land-measures-q02" }, { "text": "Which measures require review for restitution, compensation, cessation or other remedies under verified applicable rules?", "kind": "action", "id": "asset-and-land-measures-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transition-and-accountability", "name": "Transition and accountability", "description": "Track changes in occupation status and the resolution of occupation-related decisions and harms.", "rationale": "A withdrawal or transfer claim requires factual reassessment, while unresolved records, claims and remedies need continuity.", "layers": [ { "id": "control-transition-and-termination", "name": "Control transition and termination", "description": "Assess whether changes in military presence or administration alter the occupation relationship.", "findings": [ { "id": "termination-assessment", "name": "Termination assessment", "description": "Compare claimed termination with evidence of changed authority and retained functions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dated evidence supports the claimed end or territorial contraction of occupation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "termination-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which powers remain with the former occupying authority, and how do they affect the applicable termination test?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "termination-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "What reassessment and handover steps are needed for services, records and people held in custody?", "kind": "action", "id": "termination-assessment-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "review-and-remedies", "name": "Review and remedies", "description": "Connect occupation-related concerns with competent review bodies and verifiable outcomes.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability-follow-through", "name": "Accountability follow-through", "description": "Preserve the distinction between allegations, established findings, ordered remedies and completed implementation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which concerns remain allegations, which have been examined, and which have findings from an identified competent body?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accountability-follow-through-q01" }, { "text": "What complaint or review mechanisms are accessible to affected people, and what barriers limit their use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accountability-follow-through-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence would demonstrate that an ordered remedy or corrective measure has been implemented?", "kind": "action", "id": "accountability-follow-through-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "belligerent occupation of enemy territory during or after international armed conflict", "pacific occupation by consent or armistice without a state of war", "post-surrender occupation after the enemy's complete defeat", "transformative or prolonged occupation that restructures local institutions over years", "co-occupation or multinational occupation under a coalition or UN mandate", "partial occupation of only part of a state's territory", "occupation of a disputed or non-self-governing territory", "occupation by proxy through a force that is under the overall control of another state" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q214600", "note": "item 'military occupation' (military occupation of a territory)" }, { "scheme": "IHL treaty article", "value_or_pattern": "Hague Regulations (1907) Art. 42; Geneva Convention IV (1949) Arts. 2, 47-78; Additional Protocol I (1977) Art. 1(3), 4", "note": "primary treaty loci, not a taxonomic code" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Hague Convention IV (1907) and annexed Regulations, Arts. 42-56 - issued by the 1907 Hague Peace Conference; customary IHL", "Geneva Convention IV (1949), Arts. 47-78 and Common Article 2 - issued by the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva; ICRC depositary practice", "Additional Protocol I (1977) to the Geneva Conventions - Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of International Humanitarian Law", "Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, Art. 8(2)(a)-(b) war crimes in international armed conflict including occupation-related offences - Assembly of States Parties / ICC", "UN Security Council resolutions addressing particular occupations (e.g. res. 1483 (2003) on Iraq) - United Nations Security Council", "Customary IHL (ICRC Customary IHL Study, rules on occupation, public order, property, and protected persons) - ICRC restatement of custom" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Legal characterisation of a foreign military presence so that Hague/Geneva occupation duties (public order, humanitarian protection, limits on annexation and pillage) attach without waiting for a proclamation", "Used by courts, occupying commands, ICRC, and UN organs to decide who must administer civilian life, protect property, and refrain from transferring sovereignty", "Encountered in post-conflict administrations (e.g. Iraq 2003-2004 Coalition Provisional Authority), prolonged territorial control (e.g. Occupied Palestinian Territory), and historical cases (Allied occupation of Germany and Japan)", "Triggers occupation-related war-crime jurisdiction and informs sanctions, status-of-forces, and reconstruction mandates" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "duration of occupation", "typical_range": "days to decades; many modern cases last years to 50+", "unit": "years" }, { "quantity": "territorial extent under effective control", "typical_range": "a locality, a strip, or an entire state", "unit": "km² of occupied territory" }, { "quantity": "occupying-force strength relative to population", "typical_range": "highly variable; often cited planning figures around 5-20 troops per 1,000 inhabitants in stability operations, not a legal threshold", "unit": "troops per 1,000 inhabitants" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Failure to establish or maintain effective control while claiming occupation, or conversely denying occupation while exercising it, leaving a protection gap for civilians", "Unlawful annexation, transfer of civilians of the occupying power into occupied territory, or forced transfer of protected persons (GC IV Art. 49)", "Pillage, destruction of property not justified by military necessity, and exploitation of natural resources beyond usufruct (Hague Arts. 46-56)", "Collective penalties, hostage-taking, and failure to maintain public order and civil life (Hague Art. 43)", "Prolonged occupation that hollows out local self-government and creates facts on the ground that prejudice a political settlement", "Accountability vacuum when occupying authority is multinational or exercised by proxy" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "States and scholars disagree whether Gaza after 2005 disengagement remained 'occupied' despite no standing troops - effective-control vs. boots-on-the-ground tests", "Some states treat 'pacific occupation' or consensual stationing as outside belligerent occupation; others apply GC IV whenever territory of a High Contracting Party is occupied", "Post-1945 Allied occupations of Germany and Japan are often analysed as occupations of defeat/transformative occupations rather than classic Hague belligerent occupation", "UN-authorised administrations (Kosovo, East Timor) are frequently distinguished from occupation even when they involve foreign military control", "Russian, Israeli, and Western legal positions diverge sharply on Crimea, Donbas, Western Sahara, Northern Cyprus, and the Occupied Palestinian Territory" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "annexation / acquisition of sovereignty", "difference": "Occupation does not transfer title; annexation claims to. Test: does the foreign power purport to make the territory its own, or does it administer it as occupied foreign land?" }, { "name": "military occupation of a point (tactical seizure) vs. occupation as a legal regime", "difference": "Mere presence or a raid is not occupation. Test: Hague Art. 42 - is the territory actually placed under the hostile army's authority, established and exercisable?" }, { "name": "peacekeeping / UN territorial administration", "difference": "Peacekeepers typically operate with host or UN mandate and not as a 'hostile army'. Test: is the force a party to an international armed conflict exercising hostile effective control, or a UN/consensual administration?" }, { "name": "belligerent occupation vs. invasion in progress", "difference": "Invasion precedes occupation. Test: has the invader substituted its authority for the displaced sovereign's in the area, not merely fought through it?" }, { "name": "occupation vs. blockade or siege", "difference": "A blockade controls access by sea or air without necessarily substituting land authority. Test: land effective control and substitution of authority, not only isolation." }, { "name": "occupation vs. colonialism / non-self-governing territory", "difference": "Colonial title and occupation law are distinct historical and legal regimes. Test: is the relationship framed as hostile effective control of another state's (or a people's) territory under IHL, or as a claim of metropolitan sovereignty?" }, { "name": "occupation vs. status-of-forces / basing by consent", "difference": "SOFA presence is by agreement of the territorial sovereign. Test: has the territorial state freely consented, and can it withdraw consent, or has hostile control replaced its authority?" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of military occupation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative sources and interpretive positions should ground the recognition and termination tests, particularly for intermittent control or authority exercised without a continuous troop presence?", "How should the model assess contested invitations, withdrawn consent and competing claims to represent the territorial state?", "What evidence is sufficient to attribute authority exercised through local administrations, non-state intermediaries or multinational arrangements?", "Which occupation-related obligations and additional legal regimes apply in a particular case, and how should disputed applicability be represented?", "What minimum spatial, temporal and evidentiary resolution supports a defensible assessment when access is restricted and reports conflict?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 37 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a military occupation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a possible military occupation, assess territorial control and civilian conditions, and identify actions requiring legal review, protection measures or accountability.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Military Administration, Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast, ōryō, Soviet occupation of Bulgaria, Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a military occupation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Military Administration", "Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast", "ōryō", "Soviet occupation of Bulgaria", "Soviet occupation of Afghanistan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one military occupation from another, and a military occupation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a military occupation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a military occupation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a military occupation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a military occupation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a military occupation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a military occupation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a military occupation proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a military occupation, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a military occupation and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a military occupation consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a military occupation takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What military occupation is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of military occupation are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is military occupation operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of military occupation and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of military occupation?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as military occupation?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a military occupation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a military occupation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a military occupation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a military occupation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a military occupation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a military occupation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }