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Research draft

amides

vr.tr.amides · PHY.MAT

Let an agent handle amides by structure, class, properties, uses and hazards.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle amides by structure, class, properties, uses and hazards.

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom (R-C(=O)-N), found in proteins as peptide bonds and in many drugs, polymers such as nylon and polyacrylamide, and sweeteners such as cyclamate.

What it is for: Building blocks of proteins, polymers, pharmaceuticals and industrial chemicals.

It can be classify primary, secondary and tertiary amides; understand peptide bonds; use in polymer synthesis; handle hazardous amides safely.

Distinguishing features

Carbonyl bonded to nitrogen

Stable, polar bonds

Form peptide bonds in proteins

Some are toxic, such as acrylamide

What it looks like

Mostly solids or high-boiling liquids.

How it is recognised

C(=O)N functional group

Names ending in -amide

Amines are different compounds

Related models

is a kind of - category

organic compound

forms - biochemistry

peptide bond

is confused with - different group

amine

is used in - industry

polymers

In practice

Families and kinds

primary, secondary and tertiary amides

lactams

polyamides such as nylon

amide drugs such as local anaesthetics

sulfonamides and phosphoramides (related)

Standards and regulation

GHS classification

REACH

EU Regulation 2017/2158 on acrylamide in food

Failure modes and hazards

Acrylamide toxicity

Confusing amides and amines

Solvent hazards such as DMF

Also called

polyacrylamidemepivacainefellutamide Abiogenic amidecyclamatephosphoramidedexivacainePerchloryl amideN1-3HmethylnicotinamideN-(20-hydroxyarachidonoyl)ethanolaminedeuterated DMFmelaminesulfamethizolepolyunsaturated alkamidephosphorodiamidateN-benzoylureabenzamidesulfamidesulfonamidesulfinamideACEA-1011enamidemepivacaine hydrochloride2,3-epoxypropanamidefatty acid amidecinnamamide(RS)-myxothiazolmelamine(1+)1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-(¹⁵N₃)triamine(¹³C₃)-1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triaminecreatininebenzyloxycarbonylphenylalanyl-alanine fluoromethyl ketoneYC-20aliphatic amidepyridinecarboxamidedimethylamidediamide(2H3)ammoniaDimethylaminoboraneCyano(dimethyl)azanium;chloride

+1194

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Structure Which amide.

Structure defines class.

Class

Primary to tertiary.

Class

Amide class.

  1. Is it primary, secondary or tertiary? definition
  2. Is it cyclic, as in lactams? definition

Name

IUPAC.

Name

Nomenclature.

  1. What is its systematic name and CAS number? provenance
  2. Which trivial names exist? definition
Properties Chemistry.

Properties guide use.

Bonding

Resonance.

Bonding

Bonding.

  1. Why is the amide bond planar and stable? definition
  2. How does hydrogen bonding affect properties? definition

Reactivity

Hydrolysis.

Reactivity

Reactivity.

  1. Under what conditions is it hydrolysed? definition
  2. How fast? measurement
Uses Applications.

Amides are everywhere.

Biology

Proteins.

Biology

Biological role.

  1. How do peptide bonds link amino acids? definition
  2. What enzymes break them? definition

Industry

Polymers and drugs.

Industry

Industrial uses.

  1. Which polymers and drugs contain amide groups? definition
  2. How are they made? definition
Safety Hazards.

Some amides are toxic.

Hazard

Classification.

Hazard

Hazard classification.

  1. How is the substance classified? provenance
  2. What exposure limits apply? measurement

Food

Acrylamide.

Food

Acrylamide in food.

  1. How can acrylamide formation in cooking be reduced? action
  2. What do food safety agencies advise? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should amide classes be separate entries?
  • How should specific amides be linked?
  • How should acrylamide in food be linked?
Draft as JSON