vesicle
Let an agent explain vesicles in cell biology, their kinds and functions, relay research on vesicle trafficking and extracellular vesicles with attribution, and distinguish the cellular sense from anatomical structures called vesicles.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify
Researched by: Claude
Purpose and description
Let an agent explain vesicles in cell biology, their kinds and functions, relay research on vesicle trafficking and extracellular vesicles with attribution, and distinguish the cellular sense from anatomical structures called vesicles.
A small membrane-bounded sac within or outside a cell that stores, transports or digests materials, including transport vesicles of the secretory and endocytic pathways, synaptic vesicles releasing neurotransmitters, lysosomes and peroxisomes sometimes grouped as microbodies, extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and apoptotic bodies, and by extension larger sac-like structures such as the seminal vesicles of the male reproductive system; the registry entry covers the cell biology sense with the anatomical sense noted as a separate topic.
What it is for: Storing, transporting and processing materials in cells.
It can be explain kinds and functions; relay trafficking mechanisms; relay research on extracellular vesicles; distinguish the anatomical sense.
Distinguishing features
Lipid bilayer boundary
Budding and fusion
Cargo specificity
Many kinds
What it looks like
Not visible to the eye; small spheres bounded by a lipid bilayer in electron micrographs.
Physical character
synaptic vesicle diameter: about 40 nm
exosome diameter: about 30-150 nm
How it is recognised
Membrane-bounded sac in or around cells
Transport, synaptic, secretory, extracellular vesicles
Seminal vesicles are organs; a skin vesicle is a blister; a vacuole is a larger compartment
Related models
is a kind of - in registry terms
is formed by - from donor compartments
fuses with - via SNARE proteins
is contrasted with - an anatomical gland
In practice
Families and kinds
transport vesicles such as COPI, COPII and clathrin-coated
secretory and synaptic vesicles
endosomes and lysosomes
microbodies such as peroxisomes
extracellular vesicles: exosomes, microvesicles, apoptotic bodies
anatomical vesicles such as the seminal vesicles, as a separate sense
Identifiers
Gene Ontology GO:0031982 vesicle
Standards and regulation
MISEV guidelines for extracellular vesicle research
No regulation of the structure itself
Failure modes and hazards
Confusing cellular and anatomical senses
Overclaiming extracellular vesicle therapies
Trafficking defects in disease
Also called
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.
Understand What vesicles are.
Science.
Definition
Definition and kinds.
Definition
Definition.
- What is a vesicle in cell biology, and what kinds exist? definition
- Is the question about a cellular vesicle, an anatomical vesicle or a skin blister? boundary
Trafficking
Vesicle trafficking.
Trafficking
Trafficking.
- How do vesicles bud, move and fuse, and what proteins control this? definition
- Which entry fits the specific pathway? action
Function Functions.
Science.
Secretion
Secretion and signalling.
Secretion
Secretion.
- How do synaptic and secretory vesicles release their contents? provenance
- Which entry fits synaptic vesicle? action
Digestion
Endocytosis and digestion.
Digestion
Digestion.
- How do endosomes, lysosomes and microbodies process materials? provenance
- Which references are standard? provenance
Extracellular Extracellular vesicles.
Attribution.
Biology
Biology.
Biology
Biology.
- What are exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, and what do they do, as research shows? provenance
- Which sources are cited? provenance
Applications
Diagnostics and therapy.
Applications
Applications.
- How are extracellular vesicles studied for diagnostics and therapy, and what is established versus claimed? provenance
- Is the user asking about a personal treatment, which needs a clinician? boundary
Context History and methods.
Context.
History
History.
History
History.
- How was vesicle trafficking discovered, including the work recognised by the 2013 Nobel Prize? provenance
- Which entry fits the history of cell biology? action
Methods
Methods.
Methods
Methods.
- How are vesicles isolated, imaged and characterised? provenance
- Which entry fits electron microscopy? action
What the second pass must settle
- Should extracellular vesicle be a separate primary entry?
- How should research guidelines be linked?
- The registry entry has merged aliases naming anatomical organs and organelle kinds; should they be split off?