{ "model": { "rank": 5479, "code": "thing-q189522", "model_id": "vr.tr.quinine", "name": "quinine", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify quinine, assess the form and quality of a material containing it, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q189522/", "tier": 2, "score": 67, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 67, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.quinine", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q189522", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189522", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:27:22Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 18.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08847-771e-7640-98a0-62b464de113e\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: quinine\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 62.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08847-772d-7ce3-9139-148dbbd4fa83\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: quinine\nRegistry id: vr.tr.quinine\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q189522", "registryId": "vr.tr.quinine", "name": "quinine", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q189522/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.quinine", "name": "quinine", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify quinine, assess the form and quality of a material containing it, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "definition": "Quinine is a naturally occurring, bitter-tasting cinchona alkaloid with molecular formula C20H24N2O2, historically obtained from Cinchona bark and used for its antimalarial activity.", "scope_statement": "This model owns quinine as a chemical substance, including its stereochemical identity and the distinctions needed to describe its free base, salts, and presence in mixtures; it does not own finished medicines, beverages, or treatment decisions.", "in_scope": [ "Quinine molecular identity and stereochemical boundaries", "Free-base, salt, hydration, and physical-form distinctions", "Quinine content, analytical identity, purity, and related alkaloids", "Material origin, processing history, and storage condition", "Evidence supporting a declared use and constraints arising from quinine" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Cinchona species, cultivation, and bark as biological materials", "Quinidine as a distinct chemical substance", "Finished antimalarial medicines and their complete formulations", "Tonic water and other finished food or beverage products", "Malaria diagnosis, patient-specific prescribing, and dosing", "Manufacturing equipment and complete extraction-process models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require evidence consistent with quinine's molecular formula, C20H24N2O2, while recognising that formula alone cannot establish identity.", "Distinguish quinine from quinidine through stereochemical identification or a validated analytical method capable of separating them.", "Distinguish quinine from cinchonine, cinchonidine, and other related alkaloids using selective analytical evidence rather than botanical origin or bitterness.", "Identify whether a material is quinine free base, a specified quinine salt, or a mixture containing quinine; a label saying only 'quinine' leaves this unresolved.", "Treat fluorescence as supporting evidence whose interpretation depends on conditions, rather than as a unique identity test." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Quinine identity established, provisional, or unverified; structure and stereochemistry reference", "why_it_matters": "Separates quinine from related alkaloids and incorrectly labelled materials." }, { "name": "Chemical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Free base or named salt, with counterion, stoichiometry, and hydration or solvation state", "why_it_matters": "Determines how mass, composition, and physical properties should be interpreted." }, { "name": "Quinine content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction %, mg/g, mg/mL, or mol/L; specify salt or free-base-equivalent basis and dry or as-received basis", "why_it_matters": "Prevents comparisons or conversions between incompatible reporting bases." }, { "name": "Related alkaloid profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named alkaloids in mass %, mg/g, or other method-defined units, with detection and quantification limits", "why_it_matters": "Shows whether related substances undermine identity, purity, or suitability." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, with method and distinction between hydration water and other moisture where established", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of assay results and material form." }, { "name": "Dissolution conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Solubility in g/L or mol/L, with solvent, temperature, pH, and chemical form", "why_it_matters": "Makes dissolution behaviour interpretable for a particular preparation." }, { "name": "Optical rotation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Observed rotation in degrees or specific rotation under a stated convention, with solvent, concentration, temperature, and wavelength", "why_it_matters": "Provides condition-dependent evidence relevant to stereochemical identity." }, { "name": "Source and batch lineage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to producer, supplier, production route, batch, and supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Connects material claims to traceable evidence." }, { "name": "Quality disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unassessed, quarantined, accepted for a named use, rejected, or awaiting retest", "why_it_matters": "Keeps suitability specific to the evidence and intended use." }, { "name": "Declared use", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Pharmaceutical ingredient, analytical reference material, research reagent, food or beverage ingredient, or other specified use", "why_it_matters": "Determines which specifications and permissions must be checked." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare identity evidence against a quinine reference and flag unresolved stereochemistry.", "Reconcile quinine quantities across salt and free-base-equivalent reporting when composition is established.", "Assess a batch against the specification required for its declared use.", "Select identity and impurity checks that distinguish quinine from related alkaloids.", "Flag material for quarantine or retesting when traceability, storage history, or analytical evidence is inadequate.", "Identify which handling and use decisions need a current authoritative source or qualified review." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "quinine-identity", "name": "Quinine identity", "description": "Establish what counts as quinine and distinguish neighbouring chemical identities.", "rationale": "Related alkaloids and ambiguous product names can make apparent identity unreliable.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-and-stereochemical-identity", "name": "Molecular and stereochemical identity", "description": "Connect the material designation to a defined quinine structure.", "findings": [ { "id": "quinine-versus-related-alkaloids", "name": "Quinine versus related alkaloids", "description": "Identity assessment must resolve stereochemistry and related alkaloids rather than rely on formula or common name alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which structural reference defines quinine, including its stereochemistry?", "kind": "definition", "id": "quinine-versus-related-alkaloids-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes this material from quinidine and other Cinchona alkaloids?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quinine-versus-related-alkaloids-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "substance-and-product-boundary", "name": "Substance and product boundary", "description": "Separate the quinine substance from its chemical forms and containing products.", "findings": [ { "id": "base-salt-or-containing-mixture", "name": "Base, salt, or containing mixture", "description": "A quinine designation needs an explicit form and a distinction between substance identity and mixture composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe quinine free base, a specified salt, or quinine within a mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "base-salt-or-containing-mixture-q01" }, { "text": "Which counterion, stoichiometry, and hydration state support the declared chemical form?", "kind": "definition", "id": "base-salt-or-containing-mixture-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-quantification", "name": "Form and quantification", "description": "Make quinine measurements comparable across material forms and analytical conditions.", "rationale": "Salt composition, moisture, and solution conditions affect how quinine quantities and properties are interpreted.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-reporting-basis", "name": "Content reporting basis", "description": "Resolve what a reported quinine quantity actually measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "quinine-equivalent-accounting", "name": "Quinine-equivalent accounting", "description": "Content values require an explicit chemical and moisture basis before comparison or conversion.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the assay expressed as quinine free-base equivalent or as the mass of a specified salt?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quinine-equivalent-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "What stoichiometry, water content, and reporting basis justify any conversion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "quinine-equivalent-accounting-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-dependent-properties", "name": "Condition-dependent properties", "description": "Associate physical and optical observations with the conditions under which they were obtained.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-solution-and-optical-behaviour", "name": "Interpretable solution and optical behaviour", "description": "Solubility, fluorescence, and optical rotation need stated conditions and a defined quinine form.", "questions": [ { "text": "For which quinine form, solvent, pH, and temperature was the reported solubility established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-solution-and-optical-behaviour-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurement conditions and reference comparison support interpretation of fluorescence or optical rotation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-solution-and-optical-behaviour-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "analytical-quality", "name": "Analytical quality", "description": "Assess whether identity, content, and impurity evidence support the material's declared quality.", "rationale": "A quinine assay alone does not resolve related alkaloids, contaminants, or fitness for a particular use.", "layers": [ { "id": "identity-and-assay-evidence", "name": "Identity and assay evidence", "description": "Evaluate the selectivity and traceability of quinine measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "selective-quinine-measurement", "name": "Selective quinine measurement", "description": "Analytical evidence should establish what the method measures and which confounding substances it resolves.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the method distinguish quinine from quinidine and other plausible related alkaloids in this matrix?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "selective-quinine-measurement-q01" }, { "text": "Which reference material, method version, and laboratory record support the identity and assay results?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "selective-quinine-measurement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "impurities-and-acceptance", "name": "Impurities and acceptance", "description": "Relate the measured impurity profile to a named specification.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-quality-decision", "name": "Use-specific quality decision", "description": "Acceptance depends on applicable impurity limits and adequate evidence for the intended grade.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which related alkaloids, residual solvents, and other impurities were assessed, and with what quantification limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-quality-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which specification and version govern acceptance of this quinine batch for its declared use?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-quality-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-and-material-condition", "name": "Origin and material condition", "description": "Connect quinine material to its production history and evidence of continued suitability.", "rationale": "Origin and processing guide impurity investigation, while storage history affects confidence in current batch evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "production-lineage", "name": "Production lineage", "description": "Record evidence for quinine sourcing and purification without modelling the whole production system.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-quinine-origin", "name": "Documented quinine origin", "description": "Botanical extraction or another declared production route requires traceable support rather than inference from the substance name.", "questions": [ { "text": "What records establish the production route and connect the supplied material to its producer and batch?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-quinine-origin-q01" }, { "text": "Where botanical extraction is claimed, what source and purification evidence informs the expected related-alkaloid profile?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-quinine-origin-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-retest-status", "name": "Storage and retest status", "description": "Assess whether current material condition remains supported by batch-specific evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "continued-batch-suitability", "name": "Continued batch suitability", "description": "Storage requirements and retest decisions should follow evidence for the actual quinine form and packaging.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage, packaging, and stability evidence applies to this quinine form and batch?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "continued-batch-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "Do exposure history, package damage, or observed changes require quarantine or retesting under the applicable procedure?", "kind": "action", "id": "continued-batch-suitability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-handling-constraints", "name": "Use and handling constraints", "description": "Connect intended applications to appropriate evidence and handling controls.", "rationale": "Quinine's use in medicines, laboratory work, and beverages does not establish interchangeability of grades or unrestricted suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "declared-application", "name": "Declared application", "description": "Keep suitability tied to a particular application, jurisdiction, and material grade.", "findings": [ { "id": "application-specific-authority", "name": "Application-specific authority", "description": "A proposed use needs its own specification and authoritative basis; another quinine application cannot supply that approval.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the quinine intended for pharmaceutical manufacture, analytical work, research, or food and beverage production?", "kind": "definition", "id": "application-specific-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Which current requirements establish whether this chemical form, grade, and concentration are permitted for that use?", "kind": "action", "id": "application-specific-authority-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-and-decision-boundaries", "name": "Exposure and decision boundaries", "description": "Identify handling evidence and distinguish substance assessment from clinical decisions.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-specific-handling-and-escalation", "name": "Form-specific handling and escalation", "description": "Handling decisions require documentation for the supplied material; patient-specific use belongs to clinical assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety documentation covers the actual quinine form, concentration, and foreseeable exposure routes?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "form-specific-handling-and-escalation-q01" }, { "text": "What handling, spill, and disposal actions does that documentation require for the proposed operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "form-specific-handling-and-escalation-q02" }, { "text": "Which proposed decisions concern a patient or finished medicine and therefore require a linked clinical or medicinal-product model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-specific-handling-and-escalation-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This entry covers the chemical substance; the listed pharmaceutical forms are salts of that substance, not separate stereochemical varieties.", "Salt identity, hydration state and concentration basis must be specified when comparing analytical or pharmaceutical quantities.", "Current treatment recommendations, pharmacopoeial editions and jurisdiction-specific food limits require verification; no sources were consulted for this recall." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Quinine free base", "Quinine sulfate", "Quinine hydrochloride", "Quinine dihydrochloride" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "130-95-0", "note": "Identifies quinine free base; salts and hydrates have separate identifiers." }, { "scheme": "ATC", "value_or_pattern": "P01BC01", "note": "WHO classification code for quinine as an antimalarial." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary, issued by USP, includes quality requirements for quinine sulfate.", "Food-use permissions and concentration limits are set by the relevant national or regional food regulator." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treatment of malaria in selected clinical circumstances.", "Bitter flavouring in tonic water and other beverages where permitted.", "Quinine sulfate solutions serve as fluorescence reference materials in analytical chemistry." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass of quinine free base", "typical_range": "324.42", "unit": "g/mol" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Cinchonism can include tinnitus, headache, nausea, dizziness and visual disturbances.", "Can cause severe immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and other serious blood disorders.", "Can prolong the QT interval and contribute to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias.", "Can cause hypoglycaemia.", "Confusing free-base mass with salt or hydrate mass can produce dosing or formulation errors." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Medicinal availability, approved indications and place in malaria treatment protocols differ between jurisdictions.", "Permitted beverage concentrations and labelling requirements differ between jurisdictions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Quinidine", "difference": "A stereoisomer of quinine with different stereochemistry and a distinct pharmacological profile, particularly its use as an antiarrhythmic." }, { "name": "Cinchona bark", "difference": "A botanical material containing quinine alongside other constituents; quinine is an individual chemical compound." }, { "name": "Chloroquine", "difference": "A structurally distinct synthetic antimalarial, rather than the naturally occurring cinchona alkaloid." }, { "name": "Tonic water", "difference": "A formulated beverage containing a small quantity of quinine, rather than quinine itself." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of quinine this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry already link quinine to a world model that should remain the single source of truth?", "Which authoritative structural and analytical references should establish quinine identity and its distinction from quinidine?", "Which quinine salts and hydration states need explicit representation within this entry, and which already have separate registry entries?", "Which current pharmacopoeial, reference-material, and food-use specifications apply to the intended jurisdictions and grades?", "What form-specific stability and impurity evidence is available to support storage, retesting, and acceptance decisions?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a quinine, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify quinine, assess the form and quality of a material containing it, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a quinine, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 67 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one quinine from another, and a quinine from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a quinine sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a quinine from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a quinine is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a quinine is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a quinine is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a quinine is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a quinine is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a quinine is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a quinine passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a quinine between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a quinine, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a quinine is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What quinine is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does quinine perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise quinine, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How quinine is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does quinine have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does quinine need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about quinine is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about quinine hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern quinine, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a quinine came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a quinine and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a quinine is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a quinine, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a quinine, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a quinine is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }