{ "model": { "rank": 3747, "code": "thing-q189539", "model_id": "vr.tr.loan", "name": "loan", "purpose": "Let an agent explain loan types and terms, help people understand costs, rights and repayment difficulties, compare options in general terms, and route to regulated advice without recommending specific products.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q189539/", "tier": 2, "score": 82, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "loan in Japan", "non-performing loan", "microloan", "Contingent convertible bond", "variable rate loan", "subordinated debt", "daimyō-gashi", "housing loan", "SMS loan", "TEKUN", "purpose loan", "real estate loan", "Marriage loan", "non-purpose loan", "employee loan", "Participation loan", "SBA 7(a) Loan", "non-bank loan", "private loan", "local authority loan", "mezzanine capital", "preferential loan", "payday loan", "PIK loan", "bullet loan", "start-up loan", "Feudum", "soft loan", "business loan", "bond loan", "installment loan", "paperless loan", "consumer loan", "VeniVidiVici Student Lending", "No Income No Asset", "maona", "foreign currency loan", "government debt", "national loan", "personal loan" ], "aliasCount": 63, "merged": 63, "knownIn": 82, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q189539", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-11T19:52:27Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q189539", "registryId": "vr.tr.loan", "name": "loan", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q189539/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.loan", "name": "loan", "purpose": "Let an agent explain loan types and terms, help people understand costs, rights and repayment difficulties, compare options in general terms, and route to regulated advice without recommending specific products.", "definition": "A financial transaction in which a lender provides money to a borrower who agrees to repay it, usually with interest, over an agreed period, including mortgages, personal and student loans, business loans, microloans and variable-rate loans; loans are regulated by consumer credit and banking law, and non-performing loans are a concern for lenders and economies.", "what_it_is_for": "Borrowing and lending money.", "affordances": [ "explain loan types and terms", "compute repayments and total cost", "explain borrower rights and protections", "find help with repayment difficulties" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Repayable with interest", "Contractual terms", "Secured or unsecured", "Regulated" ], "appearance": "Not physical; agreements and repayment schedules.", "visual_identification": [ "Principal, interest and term", "Secured or unsecured", "A grant does not need repayment" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "mortgages", "personal and student loans", "business loans and subordinated debt", "microloans", "variable and fixed rate loans" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "financial transaction", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "financial product", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "equity", "why": "secured lending" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "payment", "why": "repayments" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Consumer credit law", "Banking and prudential regulation", "Responsible lending rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Unaffordable debt", "Predatory lending and scams", "Agents giving personalised financial advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "Loan terms.", "rationale": "Read the terms.", "layers": [ { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "Key terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terms", "description": "Key terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the principal, rate, APR, term, fees and security of this loan?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the rate fixed or variable, and what could change?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "cost", "name": "Cost", "description": "Total cost.", "findings": [ { "id": "cost-finding", "name": "Cost", "description": "Cost.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the monthly repayment and total cost over the term?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "How do early repayment and fees affect it?", "kind": "measurement" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "choose", "name": "Choose", "description": "Comparing options.", "rationale": "Information, not advice.", "layers": [ { "id": "compare", "name": "Compare", "description": "Options.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Compare", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do these loan options compare on cost, flexibility and risk, in general terms?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Is the user asking for a personal recommendation requiring a regulated adviser?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "scams", "name": "Scams", "description": "Predatory lending.", "findings": [ { "id": "scams-finding", "name": "Scams", "description": "Scams.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this loan offer show signs of a scam or predatory lending?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Is the lender authorised by the regulator?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "difficulty", "name": "Difficulty", "description": "Repayment problems.", "rationale": "Help exists.", "layers": [ { "id": "arrears", "name": "Arrears", "description": "Missed payments.", "findings": [ { "id": "arrears-finding", "name": "Arrears", "description": "Arrears.", "questions": [ { "text": "What should a borrower do if they cannot make repayments, according to consumer guidance?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which free debt advice services exist here?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights", "description": "Borrower rights.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-finding", "name": "Rights", "description": "Rights.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protections apply, such as cooling-off periods and fair treatment in arrears?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "How can a complaint be made?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "economy", "name": "Economy", "description": "Loans in the economy.", "rationale": "Wider context.", "layers": [ { "id": "npl", "name": "NPL", "description": "Non-performing loans.", "findings": [ { "id": "npl-finding", "name": "NPL", "description": "Non-performing loans.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are non-performing loans, and why do they matter for banks and economies?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "What do regulators report about them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "micro", "name": "Micro", "description": "Microloans.", "findings": [ { "id": "micro-finding", "name": "Micro", "description": "Microloans.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do microloans work, and what does the evidence say about their effects?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which institutions provide them?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each loan type be a separate entry?", "How should debt advice services be localised?", "How should rate data be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a loan, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain loan types and terms, help people understand costs, rights and repayment difficulties, compare options in general terms, and route to regulated advice without recommending specific products.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: loan in Japan, non-performing loan, microloan, Contingent convertible bond, variable rate loan, subordinated debt, daimyō-gashi, housing loan, SMS loan, TEKUN, purpose loan, real estate loan.", "63 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a loan, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "loan in Japan", "non-performing loan", "microloan", "Contingent convertible bond", "variable rate loan", "subordinated debt", "daimyō-gashi", "housing loan", "SMS loan", "TEKUN", "purpose loan", "real estate loan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 82 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 63 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one loan from another, and a loan from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a loan sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a loan from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a loan passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a loan between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a loan, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a loan is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a loan proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a loan, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a loan and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a loan consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a loan takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What loan is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of loan are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is loan operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of loan and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of loan?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as loan?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a loan came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a loan and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a loan is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a loan, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a loan, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a loan is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }