{ "model": { "rank": 6748, "code": "thing-q189627", "model_id": "vr.tr.van-der-waals-force", "name": "Van der Waals' force", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, quantify and assess a van der Waals interaction under an explicit definition, physical configuration and approximation before using it to explain or predict behaviour.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q189627/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Keesom force", "Debye force", "London dispersion force" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q189627", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189627", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:25:35Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887c-7d56-7d30-b312-2b8f5bf340d6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Van der Waals' force\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: XCT.QLT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007:", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 81, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887c-7d57-78b1-9123-f0be3ef106ef\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Van der Waals' force\nRegistry id: vr.tr.van-der-waals-force\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q189627", "registryId": "vr.tr.van-der-waals-force", "name": "Van der Waals' force", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q189627/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.van-der-waals-force", "name": "Van der Waals' force", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify, quantify and assess a van der Waals interaction under an explicit definition, physical configuration and approximation before using it to explain or predict behaviour.", "definition": "Van der Waals forces are noncovalent interactions between atoms or molecules associated with permanent and fluctuating electric multipoles and induced polarization, conventionally including dipole-dipole, dipole-induced-dipole and London dispersion interactions, although usage varies over whether short-range repulsion is included.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the interpretation and assessment of van der Waals interactions for vr.tr.van-der-waals-force, including molecular and extended-body descriptions, component attribution and validity limits; it treats the registered thing as an interaction concept rather than a material object.", "in_scope": [ "The adopted meaning of van der Waals force and its inclusion or exclusion of particular interaction components", "Interacting atoms, molecules, molecular groups or surfaces and their configuration", "Dispersion, permanent-dipole and induction contributions where included by the adopted convention", "Force, interaction energy and their dependence on separation, orientation and environment", "Approximation choice, parameter provenance, experimental attribution and uncertainty" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Covalent bond formation, chemical reactions and their mechanisms", "Ionic electrostatics as a standalone interaction model", "Hydrogen bonding as a complete interaction concept, while retaining its boundary with the adopted convention", "Complete models of adsorption, adhesion, colloidal stability or phase transitions", "The van der Waals equation of state and bulk thermodynamic modelling", "Full material, molecular or instrument descriptions beyond properties needed to assess the interaction" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require a declared terminology convention: IUPAC includes attractive and repulsive interactions between molecular entities or internal groups, while excluding bond formation and specified ionic electrostatic interactions. [IUPAC Gold Book](https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/V06597)", "Distinguish London dispersion from the umbrella term: an attribution based on mutual polarizability identifies a dispersion contribution rather than establishing every component included under van der Waals forces. [IUPAC Gold Book: London forces](https://goldbook.iupac.org/terms/view/L03617)", "Require an interaction configuration and a separation coordinate; the name of a substance alone does not specify a force instance.", "Distinguish force from potential energy by units and the applicable energy-gradient relation; a reported energy coefficient is not itself a measured force.", "Require explicit attribution before treating an observed attraction, adhesion event or force-field term labelled 'vdW' as evidence for a particular physical mechanism." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Terminology convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named reference or implementation; included and excluded components", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether two records describe the same interaction content." }, { "name": "Interacting participants", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked atoms, molecules, intramolecular groups or material bodies", "why_it_matters": "Locates the interaction without duplicating the participant models." }, { "name": "Interaction configuration", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Separation in m; orientation in rad; geometry and separation-zero convention", "why_it_matters": "Makes the reported force or energy interpretable and reproducible." }, { "name": "Electrical response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dipole moment in C·m; polarizability in an explicit convention; frequency-dependent relative permittivity, dimensionless", "why_it_matters": "Provides inputs for molecular or continuum descriptions." }, { "name": "Environment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in K; intervening medium; composition and relevant boundary conditions", "why_it_matters": "Conditions the interaction and the applicability of transferred parameters." }, { "name": "Interaction force", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "N; vector or signed component with uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Records the predicted or inferred mechanical effect." }, { "name": "Interaction energy", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "J per interacting system or J/mol with explicit normalization and reference zero", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of configurations without confusing energy with force or free energy." }, { "name": "Interaction coefficients", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "C6 in J·m^6 when applicable; Hamaker coefficient in J; fitted parameters with explicit units", "why_it_matters": "Connects a numerical estimate to the chosen interaction law." }, { "name": "Approximation regime", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Molecular or continuum; pairwise or many-body; retarded or nonretarded; fixed or averaged orientation", "why_it_matters": "Defines which simplifications support the result." }, { "name": "Attribution status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Predicted; indirectly inferred; experimentally constrained; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a fitted decomposition from being presented as a uniquely observed component." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify an interaction claim under a declared van der Waals convention.", "Select a molecular, force-field or continuum description consistent with the configuration and available evidence.", "Estimate force or interaction energy with stated assumptions and uncertainty.", "Compare candidate separations, orientations or intervening media within a validated regime.", "Audit component accounting for omitted contributions or double counting.", "Recommend a discriminating calculation or measurement when van der Waals attribution remains unresolved." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "meaning-and-component-boundaries", "name": "Meaning and component boundaries", "description": "Establish what the term denotes in the record being assessed.", "rationale": "Results cannot be compared reliably when the same label includes different physical contributions.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition-authority", "name": "Definition authority", "description": "Capture the source and operational meaning of the chosen convention.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-vdw-convention", "name": "Declared van der Waals convention", "description": "Record a cited definition and a component inclusion map, preserving differences between reference terminology and implementation labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which reference, research community or software implementation defines 'van der Waals' for this record?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-vdw-convention-q01" }, { "text": "Does that definition include dispersion, permanent-dipole interactions, induction and short-range repulsion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-vdw-convention-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "neighbouring-interactions", "name": "Neighbouring interactions", "description": "Separate the claimed contribution from adjacent mechanisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-accounting", "name": "Component accounting", "description": "Make exclusions and overlaps explicit instead of identifying van der Waals forces with all weak attraction.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are ionic electrostatics, hydrogen bonding and bond formation distinguished from the contribution recorded here?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "component-accounting-q01" }, { "text": "Are any dipolar, induction or repulsive contributions also included in another term of the calculation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "component-accounting-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "participants-and-electrical-response", "name": "Participants and electrical response", "description": "Identify the interacting entities and the response properties needed to describe them.", "rationale": "Mechanism selection requires more than naming the participating substances.", "layers": [ { "id": "interaction-instance", "name": "Interaction instance", "description": "Locate the participants and specify the physical level of description.", "findings": [ { "id": "participant-resolution", "name": "Participant resolution", "description": "Link the entities and identify whether the description concerns a molecular pair, internal groups or extended bodies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which entities interact, and are they separate molecules, groups within one molecule or extended material bodies?", "kind": "definition", "id": "participant-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which participant properties must be resolved explicitly rather than replaced by an effective material response?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "participant-resolution-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "response-inputs", "name": "Response inputs", "description": "Record the electrical properties and their evidential basis.", "findings": [ { "id": "dipoles-and-polarizability", "name": "Dipoles and polarizability", "description": "Specify the permanent moments, polarizabilities or dielectric response used by the selected description.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which permanent moments, polarizability tensors or dielectric spectra does the calculation require?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dipoles-and-polarizability-q01" }, { "text": "Were these inputs measured, calculated or transferred from another material state, and with what uncertainty?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dipoles-and-polarizability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "configuration-and-medium", "name": "Configuration and medium", "description": "Specify separation, orientation, shape and environmental conditions.", "rationale": "A force value is meaningful only for its configuration, and molecular and surface separations are not interchangeable.", "layers": [ { "id": "distance-and-shape", "name": "Distance and shape", "description": "Define the geometric variables used to evaluate the interaction.", "findings": [ { "id": "separation-coordinate", "name": "Separation coordinate", "description": "Record the distance convention together with orientation and relevant surface geometry.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is separation measured between centres, atomic sites or facing surfaces, and how is its zero established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "separation-coordinate-q01" }, { "text": "Which orientations, curvatures, roughness features or finite dimensions affect the estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "separation-coordinate-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "environment-and-averaging", "name": "Environment and averaging", "description": "Capture the intervening medium and the statistical state of the participants.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-interaction", "name": "Conditioned interaction", "description": "Attach temperature, medium and averaging assumptions to every reported interaction.", "questions": [ { "text": "What medium occupies the gap, and what temperature and material states apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-interaction-q01" }, { "text": "Are orientations fixed, constrained or thermally averaged, and what supports that treatment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditioned-interaction-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "interaction-law-and-validity", "name": "Interaction law and validity", "description": "Connect a chosen mathematical description to the physical regime it can represent.", "rationale": "A familiar potential or distance exponent can give misleading results when extended beyond its assumptions.", "layers": [ { "id": "force-energy-representation", "name": "Force and energy representation", "description": "Specify the interaction law, its parameters and the observable derived from it.", "findings": [ { "id": "potential-and-derived-force", "name": "Potential and derived force", "description": "Keep potential energy, free energy and force distinct, recording parameter meanings and the differentiation coordinate.", "questions": [ { "text": "What expression represents the interaction, and does it describe potential energy, free energy or force?", "kind": "definition", "id": "potential-and-derived-force-q01" }, { "text": "If a potential is used, what force follows from its negative gradient under the stated coordinate and sign convention?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "potential-and-derived-force-q02" }, { "text": "What sources establish coefficients such as C6, Hamaker constants or Lennard-Jones parameters for this configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "potential-and-derived-force-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regime-and-breakdown", "name": "Regime and breakdown", "description": "Identify the limits of averaging, additivity, continuum treatment and distance approximations.", "findings": [ { "id": "approximation-envelope", "name": "Approximation envelope", "description": "Record supported distance and material regimes, including the treatment of overlap, retardation and collective response.", "questions": [ { "text": "Over what separation range are the treatment of electron-cloud overlap and the retarded or nonretarded approximation justified?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "approximation-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports pairwise summation or a continuum description rather than an explicit many-body calculation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "approximation-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "Which threshold or discrepancy should trigger a change of interaction model?", "kind": "action", "id": "approximation-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-consequential-use", "name": "Evidence and consequential use", "description": "Assess whether an interaction estimate is supported well enough for a proposed explanation or intervention.", "rationale": "An observed net force does not by itself establish a unique van der Waals contribution or its practical importance.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-and-attribution", "name": "Measurement and attribution", "description": "Connect observations to the claimed component while accounting for competing contributions.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-force-evidence", "name": "Attributed force evidence", "description": "Record the observable, calibration, decomposition method and uncertainty behind the interaction claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "What observable constrains the interaction: a force-distance curve, molecular spectrum, scattering result or another measurement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-force-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "How are electrostatic, capillary, solvation and other relevant contributions controlled or estimated?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributed-force-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which calibration, separation or model uncertainties limit attribution to van der Waals forces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-force-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "decision-and-intervention", "name": "Decision and intervention", "description": "Determine what comparison or manipulation the evidence can support.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-use-of-estimate", "name": "Supported use of estimate", "description": "Connect the interaction to a specific decision without treating one contribution as a complete explanation of system behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the estimated force or energy significant relative to thermal motion, competing interactions or applied loads in the intended use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-use-of-estimate-q01" }, { "text": "Which change in separation, orientation, material or intervening medium can be assessed within the validated regime?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-use-of-estimate-q02" }, { "text": "What additional observation would distinguish the proposed van der Waals explanation from a competing mechanism?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-use-of-estimate-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Terminology varies: some authors use van der Waals as shorthand for dispersion, while others include all three listed kinds or an additional repulsive contribution.", "The inverse-sixth-power energy law is not universal: fixed-orientation permanent dipoles, extended surfaces and retarded interactions can have different distance dependences.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; numerical values require the specific species, geometry, medium and temperature." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Keesom interactions between permanent dipoles", "Debye interactions between permanent dipoles and induced dipoles", "London dispersion interactions arising from correlated electronic fluctuations" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Explaining cohesion and condensation in substances without strong permanent dipoles, including noble gases.", "Modelling molecular packing, adsorption and contributions to biomolecular binding.", "Predicting adhesion between surfaces and aggregation of colloidal particles.", "Describing interactions between layers in materials such as graphite.", "Representing nonbonded interactions in molecular simulations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Nonretarded attractive pair potential energy", "typical_range": "A common leading approximation is U(r) = −C6/r^6 when electronic overlap is negligible; C6 depends on the interacting species.", "unit": "J; C6 in J·m^6" }, { "quantity": "Attractive pair force magnitude", "typical_range": "For U(r) = −C6/r^6, the magnitude is 6C6/r^7; there is no universal numerical range.", "unit": "N" }, { "quantity": "Hamaker constant", "typical_range": "Often of order 10^−21 to 10^−19 for condensed materials across an intervening medium; magnitude and sign depend on the complete material combination.", "unit": "J" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Attraction can cause unwanted particle aggregation or deposition.", "Surface adhesion can contribute to stiction in microelectromechanical devices.", "Pairwise additive models can miss many-body polarization, screening and dispersion effects.", "An attractive inverse-sixth-power potential alone becomes unphysical at short separations, where electronic overlap and repulsion matter.", "Applying nonretarded distance laws at sufficiently large separations neglects electromagnetic retardation." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Hydrogen bond", "difference": "Identified by a hydrogen-mediated, chemically specific and directional interaction; usually treated separately even though some underlying physical contributions overlap." }, { "name": "Covalent bond", "difference": "Involves bonding through shared electron density rather than the interactions conventionally classified as van der Waals forces." }, { "name": "Ion-ion electrostatic interaction", "difference": "Acts between net charges and has a leading Coulomb interaction energy proportional to 1/r, rather than the multipolar and dispersion terms conventionally grouped here." }, { "name": "Pauli repulsion", "difference": "Arises when electronic states overlap subject to fermionic antisymmetry; some molecular force fields include it within a combined van der Waals term." }, { "name": "Casimir-Polder interaction", "difference": "Describes dispersion interactions including retardation, which changes their long-distance behaviour." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Van der Waals' force this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which terminology convention should be the registry default, and how should narrower dispersion-only or force-field usages be mapped to it?", "How should the catalogue represent overlap with hydrogen bonding and short-range exchange repulsion without double counting or asserting a universally settled decomposition?", "Where should ownership pass from this model to a neighbouring Casimir or fluctuation-electrodynamics model for extended bodies and retarded interactions?", "Which authoritative parameter sources and benchmark systems should support molecular, surface and intervening-medium calculations?", "What evidence and uncertainty thresholds should be required before an agent treats an inferred van der Waals contribution as sufficient for a practical decision?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 16, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Van der Waals' force, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify, quantify and assess a van der Waals interaction under an explicit definition, physical configuration and approximation before using it to explain or predict behaviour.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Keesom force, Debye force, London dispersion force.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Van der Waals' force, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Keesom force", "Debye force", "London dispersion force" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Van der Waals' force from another, and a Van der Waals' force from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Van der Waals' force sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Van der Waals' force from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Van der Waals' force passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Van der Waals' force between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Van der Waals' force, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Van der Waals' force is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What Van der Waals' force is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of Van der Waals' force are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is Van der Waals' force operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of Van der Waals' force and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of Van der Waals' force?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as Van der Waals' force?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Van der Waals' force came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Van der Waals' force and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Van der Waals' force is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Van der Waals' force, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Van der Waals' force, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Van der Waals' force is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }