{ "model": { "rank": 6631, "code": "thing-q190016", "model_id": "vr.tr.heparin", "name": "heparin", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise heparin, assess the identity, activity and condition of a recorded material or preparation, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190016/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "enoxaparin sodium", "low molecular weight heparin", "reviparin" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190016", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190016", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:10:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 22, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0886e-f763-7743-ae36-bdf7ff3e95b1\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: heparin\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0886e-f75a-72b3-95b7-60ad451e3d9a\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: heparin\nRegistry id: vr.tr.heparin\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190016", "registryId": "vr.tr.heparin", "name": "heparin", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190016/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.heparin", "name": "heparin", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise heparin, assess the identity, activity and condition of a recorded material or preparation, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "definition": "Heparin is a heterogeneous, highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan produced by animal mast cells whose pharmaceutical preparations act as anticoagulants chiefly by enhancing antithrombin-mediated inhibition of coagulation enzymes.", "scope_statement": "This model owns heparin as a heterogeneous biological polysaccharide material, including its molecular composition, origin, anticoagulant activity, preparation-specific properties and quality state, while linking to separate models for medicines, treatment and manufacturing processes.", "in_scope": [ "Heparin identity and the distinction between a material class, a batch and a formulated preparation", "Biological origin, extraction provenance and supply-chain traceability", "Molecular-mass distribution, sulfation characteristics and compositional heterogeneity", "Anticoagulant potency and the methods and reference standards used to establish it", "Preparation identity, storage condition, contamination evidence and use constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Patient-specific prescribing, dosing and anticoagulation management", "Diseases treated or prevented using heparin", "Complete medicinal-product authorisation, packaging and distribution models", "Extraction and purification equipment and manufacturing-process operation", "Independent models of low-molecular-weight heparin products and synthetic anticoagulants" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish a heparin-compatible glycosaminoglycan identity using documented analytical evidence; an anticoagulant effect or product name alone is insufficient.", "Distinguish heparin from the closely related heparan sulfate using structural and compositional evidence rather than treating the names as synonyms.", "Distinguish unfractionated heparin from low-molecular-weight heparin using the declared material identity, processing history and molecular-mass distribution.", "Distinguish heparin from fondaparinux and other synthetic anticoagulants using molecular identity and chain composition, even where activity involves antithrombin.", "Distinguish bulk heparin material from an injection, flush solution or heparin-coated article by recording formulation and physical presentation separately." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Material and preparation identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Unfractionated heparin material; formulated heparin preparation; derivative or related-material link; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a substance, a derivative and a finished preparation from being treated as interchangeable." }, { "name": "Biological source", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Source species, tissue and supplier records, with unknown values explicit", "why_it_matters": "Supports provenance assessment and interpretation of source-dependent composition." }, { "name": "Salt form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Declared counterion, such as sodium or calcium, or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Identifies the supplied material and supports interpretation of specifications and mass-based measurements." }, { "name": "Molecular-mass distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Da or kDa; distribution and reported averages with analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Represents chain heterogeneity and helps distinguish material classes." }, { "name": "Sulfation and disaccharide profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Method-defined ratios or proportions, with denominator and analytical method", "why_it_matters": "Provides structural evidence for identity, comparability and unusual composition." }, { "name": "Anticoagulant potency", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Assay-defined activity units per mg or mL, with reference standard and assay", "why_it_matters": "Activity cannot be inferred reliably from material mass alone." }, { "name": "Anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Assay-specific activity values and dimensionless ratio where justified", "why_it_matters": "Helps characterise the activity profile without assuming all heparin-related materials act identically." }, { "name": "Formulation composition", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Heparin concentration, total activity, solvent, preservatives and other excipients", "why_it_matters": "Separates active-material identity from preparation-specific suitability." }, { "name": "Quality disposition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Untested; under review; released against a named specification; quarantined; rejected; expired", "why_it_matters": "Makes permission to use a batch depend on evidence and applicable requirements." }, { "name": "Storage and container condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Recorded conditions, container integrity, opening history and excursion assessment", "why_it_matters": "Supports preparation-specific decisions about continued usability." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare identity and composition evidence with a declared heparin specification.", "Trace a material or preparation to its source, batch and quality records.", "Compare potency results only after checking methods, units and reference standards.", "Identify concentration, presentation or material-class mismatches before a proposed use.", "Flag material for quarantine or specialist review when identity, condition or release evidence is inadequate.", "Link a proposed application to its governing protocol and preparation-specific restrictions." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "heparin-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Heparin identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what the recorded heparin entity is and separate it from related substances and preparations.", "rationale": "Heparin denotes a heterogeneous material, while operational records may describe a batch, medicine or surface treatment.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-identity", "name": "Material identity", "description": "Record the declared identity and evidence supporting recognition as heparin.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Capture the analytical and documentary basis for the heparin designation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What material name and salt form are declared, and what identity method supports them?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which evidence distinguishes this material from heparan sulfate or another sulfated polysaccharide?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "derivative-and-presentation-boundaries", "name": "Derivative and presentation boundaries", "description": "Separate the heparin material from derivatives and articles containing it.", "findings": [ { "id": "recorded-entity-level", "name": "Recorded entity level", "description": "Identify whether the record concerns heparin itself, a batch, a preparation or a related entity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this record describe unfractionated heparin, a formulated preparation or a derivative requiring a linked model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recorded-entity-level-q01" }, { "text": "If heparin is attached to a surface or incorporated into an article, which properties belong to the heparin and which to the host article?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "recorded-entity-level-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "biological-origin-and-composition", "name": "Biological origin and composition", "description": "Connect source history with the structural heterogeneity of the material.", "rationale": "A single chemical formula or nominal mass does not adequately describe a heparin batch.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-traceability", "name": "Source traceability", "description": "Document biological source and the chain of records supporting batch provenance.", "findings": [ { "id": "source-and-processing-lineage", "name": "Source and processing lineage", "description": "Record source species, tissue and relevant processing history without inferring missing provenance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What species and tissue supplied the heparin, and which records establish that origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "source-and-processing-lineage-q01" }, { "text": "Which extraction, purification or chain-modifying steps are documented for this batch?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "source-and-processing-lineage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chain-composition", "name": "Chain composition", "description": "Represent molecular-size and structural distributions using method-specific observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "structural-profile", "name": "Structural profile", "description": "Capture chain-size distribution and sulfation-related measurements that support identity and comparability.", "questions": [ { "text": "What molecular-mass distribution was measured, using which method and calibration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-profile-q01" }, { "text": "What sulfation or disaccharide profile is available, and what uncertainty or uncharacterised fraction remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "structural-profile-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "anticoagulant-activity", "name": "Anticoagulant activity", "description": "Represent heparin's measured biological activity and the conditions under which results are meaningful.", "rationale": "Mass, anticoagulant potency and activity profile describe different aspects of heparin.", "layers": [ { "id": "activity-mechanism", "name": "Activity mechanism", "description": "Connect activity evidence to antithrombin-mediated effects and relevant assay conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "activity-profile-evidence", "name": "Activity profile evidence", "description": "Record measured anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa activity without turning those measurements into patient-level predictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which antithrombin-dependent activities have been measured for this material?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "activity-profile-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What assay conditions limit comparison of its anti-factor Xa and anti-factor IIa results?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "activity-profile-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "potency-and-comparability", "name": "Potency and comparability", "description": "Maintain the connection between reported activity, assay and reference standard.", "findings": [ { "id": "potency-basis", "name": "Potency basis", "description": "Keep activity units, mass basis and preparation concentration explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What potency is reported, in which units and against which reference standard?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "potency-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits comparison or conversion between the reported potency and another result or labelled concentration?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "potency-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "purity-and-quality-disposition", "name": "Purity and quality disposition", "description": "Assess identity integrity, unwanted components and batch release evidence.", "rationale": "An anticoagulant assay alone cannot establish heparin purity or preparation suitability.", "layers": [ { "id": "impurities-and-adulteration", "name": "Impurities and adulteration", "description": "Record testing for unwanted biological material and non-heparin polysaccharides.", "findings": [ { "id": "contaminant-screening", "name": "Contaminant screening", "description": "Capture what impurity and adulterant tests establish, including their detection limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which methods were used to detect non-heparin components, including oversulfated chondroitin sulfate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contaminant-screening-q01" }, { "text": "Which process-related or biological impurities remain untested or unresolved?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contaminant-screening-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "specification-and-release", "name": "Specification and release", "description": "Relate analytical results to an applicable specification and documented disposition.", "findings": [ { "id": "batch-acceptability", "name": "Batch acceptability", "description": "Record who accepted the batch, for what purpose and against which requirements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification, jurisdiction and revision govern acceptance of this material or preparation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "batch-acceptability-q01" }, { "text": "Do the available identity, purity, potency and applicable microbiological results support release, or require quarantine and review?", "kind": "action", "id": "batch-acceptability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "preparation-condition-and-use-constraints", "name": "Preparation condition and use constraints", "description": "Connect heparin presentation and condition to the limits of a proposed application.", "rationale": "Concentration, excipients, sterility requirements and exposure context affect what may be done with a heparin preparation.", "layers": [ { "id": "presentation-and-stability", "name": "Presentation and stability", "description": "Describe the supplied preparation and evidence for continued usability.", "findings": [ { "id": "preparation-state", "name": "Preparation state", "description": "Record concentration, contents, container condition and storage history.", "questions": [ { "text": "What activity per volume, total activity, salt form and excipients does the preparation declare?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "preparation-state-q01" }, { "text": "What preparation-specific evidence determines usability after storage excursions, opening or container damage?", "kind": "action", "id": "preparation-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "application-and-hazard-links", "name": "Application and hazard links", "description": "Identify application-specific constraints and route clinical decisions to the appropriate model or protocol.", "findings": [ { "id": "proposed-use-review", "name": "Proposed use review", "description": "Connect the preparation to its intended application and relevant bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and compatibility considerations.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the proposed application therapeutic, a catheter flush, laboratory anticoagulation or a material coating, and what specification governs it?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "proposed-use-review-q01" }, { "text": "Which preparation restrictions, compatibility evidence and clinical hazard checks must the responsible protocol resolve before use?", "kind": "action", "id": "proposed-use-review-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The name can denote the biological polysaccharide family or a pharmaceutical preparation; this description covers both and distinguishes derivatives and salts.", "Molecular-mass ranges are approximate averages, not specification limits; heparin has no single molecular formula or molecular mass.", "Pharmacopoeial editions, jurisdiction-specific source permissions and product specifications require verification; these statements are recalled rather than researched." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Unfractionated heparin", "Low-molecular-weight heparins, produced by depolymerizing heparin", "Heparin sodium", "Heparin calcium" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "9005-49-6", "note": "Heparin; particular salts have separate identifiers." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "9041-08-1", "note": "Heparin sodium." }, { "scheme": "WHO ATC", "value_or_pattern": "B01AB01", "note": "Heparin; individual low-molecular-weight heparins have separate codes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United States Pharmacopeia-National Formulary: USP monographs for Heparin Sodium and Heparin Sodium Injection.", "European Pharmacopoeia, published by the EDQM: monographs for heparin sodium and heparin calcium." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism.", "Anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass and selected vascular procedures.", "Prevention of clotting in extracorporeal circuits, including haemodialysis.", "Maintaining patency of certain vascular access devices using designated preparations.", "Anticoagulant in selected laboratory blood-collection tubes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Approximate average molecular mass of unfractionated heparin", "typical_range": "12-18", "unit": "kDa" }, { "quantity": "Approximate average molecular mass of low-molecular-weight heparins", "typical_range": "4-6", "unit": "kDa" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Bleeding, including potentially fatal haemorrhage.", "Immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can cause thrombosis despite a falling platelet count.", "Medication errors involving preparation concentration, potency units or confusion between flush and therapeutic products.", "Osteoporosis with prolonged exposure and hyperkalaemia associated with suppression of aldosterone.", "Contamination or adulteration of animal-derived material, historically including oversulfated chondroitin sulfate." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Permitted animal sources and availability of porcine- or bovine-derived preparations vary by jurisdiction.", "Marketed salts, concentrations and approved indications vary between countries." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Heparan sulfate", "difference": "A related glycosaminoglycan generally less sulfated than heparin and widely associated with cell surfaces and extracellular matrices." }, { "name": "Enoxaparin", "difference": "A specific low-molecular-weight heparin preparation with defined manufacturing and pharmaceutical characteristics." }, { "name": "Fondaparinux", "difference": "A synthetic pentasaccharide that selectively enhances antithrombin-mediated factor Xa inhibition rather than a heterogeneous heparin polymer preparation." }, { "name": "Warfarin", "difference": "A vitamin K antagonist that reduces synthesis of functional vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins rather than enhancing antithrombin activity." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of heparin this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend heparin to mean unfractionated heparin specifically, or a broader parent concept that links to low-molecular-weight derivatives?", "Which authoritative definitions and analytical criteria should govern the boundary between heparin and heparan sulfate?", "Which current pharmacopoeial specifications and reference standards apply to the intended jurisdictions and applications?", "Which source-dependent composition differences are sufficiently established to affect identity, comparability or acceptance decisions?", "What preparation-specific stability, compatibility and release evidence is available, and which gaps must remain explicitly unresolved?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a heparin, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise heparin, assess the identity, activity and condition of a recorded material or preparation, and determine which handling or use decisions require further evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: enoxaparin sodium, low molecular weight heparin, reviparin.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a heparin, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "enoxaparin sodium", "low molecular weight heparin", "reviparin" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one heparin from another, and a heparin from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a heparin sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a heparin from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a heparin is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a heparin is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a heparin is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a heparin is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a heparin is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a heparin is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a heparin passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a heparin between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a heparin, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a heparin is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What heparin is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does heparin perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise heparin, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How heparin is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does heparin have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does heparin need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about heparin is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about heparin hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern heparin, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a heparin came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a heparin and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a heparin is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a heparin, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a heparin, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a heparin is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }