{ "model": { "rank": 6372, "code": "thing-q190077", "model_id": "vr.tr.zinc-oxide", "name": "zinc oxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify zinc oxide material, assess its condition and suitability, and select justified handling, processing or use actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190077/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190077", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190077", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:06:21Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0108987, "turns": 1, "seconds": 191.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 89.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c2c-3084-76a3-b9e8-6d7c6f9a001b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: zinc oxide\nRegistry id: vr.tr.zinc-oxide\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA V" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190077", "registryId": "vr.tr.zinc-oxide", "name": "zinc oxide", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190077/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.zinc-oxide", "name": "zinc oxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify zinc oxide material, assess its condition and suitability, and select justified handling, processing or use actions.", "definition": "Zinc oxide is the II-VI compound ZnO, an amphoteric, water-insoluble white solid that crystallizes predominantly in the hexagonal wurtzite structure, acts as a wide-band-gap semiconductor, and is manufactured mainly as a rubber-vulcanization activator, white pigment, pharmaceutical astringent, and inorganic UV filter.", "scope_statement": "This PHY / PHY.MAT model owns the identity, composition, physical form, surface condition, measured performance and action constraints of zinc oxide under registry entry vr.tr.zinc-oxide, including identifiable zinc oxide components within mixtures.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence that a material or component is zinc oxide and the limits of that identification.", "Batch-specific purity, secondary phases, dopants and surface treatments.", "Powders, particles, crystals, films and dispersions, with their relevant size and morphology.", "Changes in zinc oxide condition during storage, dispersion, illumination or thermal processing.", "Application-specific material performance and evidence supporting permitted actions." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Elemental zinc, zinc peroxide, zinc hydroxide and other zinc compounds as separate substances.", "Complete sunscreen, ointment, rubber, paint or ceramic formulations and their product performance.", "Finished semiconductor devices, sensors and their circuit behavior.", "Mining deposits and mineral specimens beyond their zinc oxide component.", "Patient treatment decisions and organism-level zinc nutrition.", "Facility-wide exposure management, wastewater treatment and disposal operations." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Require chemical identity consistent with ZnO; a zinc-containing label alone does not establish zinc oxide. Reference identity: [PubChem zinc oxide](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Zinc-Oxide).", "Use phase-sensitive evidence, such as an appropriate diffraction or spectroscopic comparison, to distinguish zinc oxide from zinc metal, zinc peroxide, zinc hydroxide and zinc carbonate; total zinc measurement alone is insufficient.", "For a white powder, require analytical identification rather than appearance to distinguish zinc oxide from titanium dioxide or other white fillers.", "Establish whether the record represents zinc oxide itself, surface-treated zinc oxide, or a mixture containing a stated zinc oxide fraction.", "Distinguish primary particles, crystallites and dispersed agglomerates before accepting a size-based grade or nano designation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed | provisional | conflicting | untested; analytical method and reference", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether zinc oxide-specific decisions are justified." }, { "name": "Zinc oxide content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mass %; as-received or dry basis; method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Separates zinc oxide content from total zinc and from the mass of coatings or carriers." }, { "name": "Phase composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "identified phases; phase fractions where quantified; detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Reveals secondary compounds or structural differences hidden by a bulk elemental assay." }, { "name": "Impurity and dopant profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg, mass % or atomic % by constituent; intentional status recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports grade selection and distinguishes deliberate modification from contamination." }, { "name": "Material form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "powder | dispersion | crystal | film | other specified form", "why_it_matters": "Selects relevant characterization, processing and exposure questions." }, { "name": "Particle size and morphology", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "nm or µm; distribution basis, shape, method and primary-particle or agglomerate designation", "why_it_matters": "Prevents substitution based on incomparable size measurements." }, { "name": "Specific surface area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m²/g; method and sample pretreatment", "why_it_matters": "Provides a surface-related comparison for powders beyond nominal particle diameter." }, { "name": "Surface treatment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "treatment substance, loading, coverage evidence and treatment history; untreated or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Connects the ZnO core to modifications relevant to dispersion and surface behavior." }, { "name": "Dissolution and zinc release", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dissolved zinc in mg/L and fraction released over time; medium, pH, temperature and separation method", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes retained particles from dissolved zinc under the intended conditions." }, { "name": "Optical response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "spectral transmittance, reflectance or absorbance; wavelength in nm and specimen geometry", "why_it_matters": "Supports optical selection without treating a material spectrum as finished-product protection." }, { "name": "Electrical response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "resistivity in Ω·m or application-specific response; temperature, illumination and specimen preparation", "why_it_matters": "Makes electrical suitability conditional on the actual material and test conditions." }, { "name": "Lot qualification", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | qualified for stated use | restricted | rejected | awaiting retest", "why_it_matters": "Connects evidence to a specific decision without making suitability universal." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and quantify zinc oxide using evidence appropriate to its form and surrounding material.", "Compare zinc oxide grades using compatible assays, particle measurements and surface-treatment records.", "Select material for a stated optical, electrical, formulation or processing role against explicit acceptance criteria.", "Authorize dispersion, milling, coating or thermal treatment when applicable constraints and post-treatment checks are recorded.", "Hold, segregate or retest zinc oxide after contamination, agglomeration or an undocumented processing excursion.", "Route handling and release decisions to the applicable exposure, environmental and product requirements." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "pubchem-14806", "title": "PubChem Compound Summary for CID 14806, Zinc oxide", "url": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14806", "what_it_supports": "Formula, CAS, identifiers, physical constants, and regulatory flags used in the definition and identifier list.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "astm-d79", "title": "ASTM D79/D79M Standard Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Pigment-grade specification practice and the distinction of zinc oxide as a named industrial pigment." }, { "id": "iso-9298", "title": "ISO 9298 Rubber compounding ingredients - Zinc oxide - Test methods", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Rubber-grade identity, test methods, and the industrial distinction of ZnO as a vulcanization activator." }, { "id": "usp-zno", "title": "USP-NF monograph: Zinc Oxide", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Pharmacopoeial identity, impurity limits, and medicinal-grade practice." }, { "id": "fda-21cfr-73-1991", "title": "21 CFR 73.1991 Zinc oxide", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-21/section-73.1991", "what_it_supports": "US drug colour-additive listing for zinc oxide.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "echa-zno", "title": "ECHA substance information: zinc oxide (EC 215-222-5)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "REACH/CLP classification, including aquatic acute and chronic toxicity, and European chemical identity." }, { "id": "ema-zno-2017", "title": "CVMP opinion and Commission Implementing Decision of 26 June 2017 on veterinary medicinal products containing zinc oxide for oral use in food-producing animals", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "EU withdrawal of pharmacological ZnO in piglets and the regional split in feed/veterinary use." }, { "id": "niosh-zno", "title": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards: Zinc oxide", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Occupational exposure limits and metal-fume-fever hazard of zinc oxide fume." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "zno-identity-and-composition", "name": "ZnO identity and composition", "description": "Establishes what portion of the material is zinc oxide and what else accompanies it.", "rationale": "A zinc assay or commercial name cannot alone establish ZnO identity, phase purity or usable content.", "layers": [ { "id": "compound-and-phase-identity", "name": "Compound and phase identity", "description": "Separates identification of ZnO from identification of zinc or a visually similar powder.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-zno-identification", "name": "Supported ZnO identification", "description": "Record the analytical evidence, reference comparison and unresolved alternatives behind the identity decision.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies ZnO rather than zinc metal or another zinc compound?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-zno-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which phases could remain undetected or unresolved by the methods used?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-zno-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assay-and-associated-constituents", "name": "Assay and associated constituents", "description": "Accounts for ZnO, secondary phases, impurities, dopants and non-ZnO mass.", "findings": [ { "id": "interpretable-composition", "name": "Interpretable composition", "description": "Record composition on an explicit basis and separate directly measured ZnO from values inferred from total zinc.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the reported assay ZnO content or total zinc converted to a ZnO equivalent, and on what mass basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "interpretable-composition-q01" }, { "text": "Which impurities, dopants, coatings or carriers are present, and which were deliberately introduced?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "interpretable-composition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "particle-and-surface-state", "name": "Particle and surface state", "description": "Characterizes the physical presentation and accessible surface of the ZnO.", "rationale": "Chemically matching ZnO materials can require different decisions because particle assembly and surface treatment differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "size-and-material-form", "name": "Size and material form", "description": "Distinguishes particle, agglomerate, crystallite and continuous-material measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-appropriate-dimensions", "name": "Form-appropriate dimensions", "description": "Record dimensions using methods and descriptors appropriate to powder, dispersion, crystal or film.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this ZnO a powder, dispersion, crystal or film, and which dimensions control its intended use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "form-appropriate-dimensions-q01" }, { "text": "Does each reported size describe primary particles, crystallites, agglomerates or film thickness, and how was it measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "form-appropriate-dimensions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-treatment-and-dispersion", "name": "Surface treatment and dispersion", "description": "Records the ZnO surface and its condition in a specified carrier.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-and-dispersion-evidence", "name": "Surface and dispersion evidence", "description": "Connect surface-treatment identity and accessible area to observed wetting, settling or agglomeration.", "questions": [ { "text": "What coating or treatment is present, and what evidence establishes its loading and coverage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "surface-and-dispersion-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "In the intended carrier, what measurements establish dispersion stability and changes in agglomerate size?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-and-dispersion-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-and-processing-state", "name": "Chemical and processing state", "description": "Tracks whether storage or processing has changed the ZnO being evaluated.", "rationale": "An initial ZnO certificate does not establish the identity and condition of material after subsequent treatment.", "layers": [ { "id": "medium-dependent-transformation", "name": "Medium-dependent transformation", "description": "Distinguishes particulate ZnO from dissolved zinc and newly formed compounds.", "findings": [ { "id": "retained-zno-and-released-zinc", "name": "Retained ZnO and released zinc", "description": "Record the chemical state reached in the actual contacting medium over the relevant duration.", "questions": [ { "text": "At the intended pH, temperature and contact time, how much zinc is dissolved and how much ZnO remains?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "retained-zno-and-released-zinc-q01" }, { "text": "At what measured conversion does the resulting material require a linked model for a different compound or mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "retained-zno-and-released-zinc-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-treatment-history", "name": "Storage and treatment history", "description": "Links condition changes to humidity, atmosphere, light, heating and mechanical treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "post-treatment-condition", "name": "Post-treatment condition", "description": "Record relevant exposures and determine whether earlier identity, surface and size evidence still applies.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage conditions, illumination, milling or thermal treatments occurred after the last characterization?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "post-treatment-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which phase, surface or particle measurements must be repeated before this ZnO can be released for use?", "kind": "action", "id": "post-treatment-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-specific-performance", "name": "Use-specific performance", "description": "Connects measured ZnO behavior to a defined material role.", "rationale": "A grade suitable for one ZnO application cannot be assumed suitable for another.", "layers": [ { "id": "optical-and-electrical-behavior", "name": "Optical and electrical behavior", "description": "Records relevant spectra or electrical measurements under reproducible conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-functional-response", "name": "Conditioned functional response", "description": "Keep specimen geometry, preparation and environment attached to functional measurements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which optical spectrum or electrical response is required for the intended role, and under what test conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-functional-response-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence permits transferring the measured response to the intended loading, thickness or device environment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditioned-functional-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "formulation-and-process-fit", "name": "Formulation and process fit", "description": "Evaluates ZnO as an input to a specified formulation or transformation.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-material-role", "name": "Qualified material role", "description": "Record the intended function and the trial evidence required before accepting or substituting a grade.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this ZnO intended as a pigment, UV-attenuating ingredient, rubber activator, ceramic input or another specified material role?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualified-material-role-q01" }, { "text": "Which formulation or process trial must pass before this batch or substitute grade is accepted?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-material-role-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "zno-action-constraints", "name": "ZnO action constraints", "description": "Connects the specific ZnO form and intended operation to handling and qualification evidence.", "rationale": "Decisions must account for the actual exposure form and approved material use rather than relying on the substance name alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "operation-and-release-pathways", "name": "Operation and release pathways", "description": "Records potential airborne, liquid and waste pathways created by the proposed operation.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-specific-handling-decision", "name": "Form-specific handling decision", "description": "Identify the relevant exposure form and the evidence needed to select controls for that operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Could the operation generate ZnO dust, aerosol or fume, or release particulate or dissolved zinc to liquid streams?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "form-specific-handling-decision-q01" }, { "text": "Which current safety document and operation-specific assessment support the selected containment and handling measures?", "kind": "action", "id": "form-specific-handling-decision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-lot-release", "name": "Grade and lot release", "description": "Links a traceable ZnO lot to the requirements of its intended destination.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-backed-release", "name": "Evidence-backed release", "description": "Record applicable grade requirements, matching lot evidence and unresolved conditions that prevent release.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which supplier lot, certificate and analytical samples support this material's claimed ZnO grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evidence-backed-release-q01" }, { "text": "For the intended use and jurisdiction, which missing or failed requirements require holding, retesting or rejecting the lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-backed-release-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "French-process (indirect) ZnO from burned zinc-metal vapour", "American-process (direct) ZnO from oxidised ores or residues", "Wet-chemical / precipitated ZnO from zinc salts", "Nano-grade UV-filter ZnO, often silica- or silane-coated", "Pharmacopoeial (USP / Ph. Eur.) medicinal ZnO", "Active high-surface-area rubber grade", "Feed and veterinary ZnO, including high-dose weaner-pig grades", "Electronic-grade wurtzite ZnO (single crystals, epitaxial films, varistors)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "1314-13-2", "note": "Principal registry number for ZnO." }, { "scheme": "EC / EINECS", "value_or_pattern": "215-222-5", "note": "European inventory number used in REACH/CLP." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "14806", "note": "NCBI compound record." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q190077", "note": "Item for zinc oxide; confirm against the live item before treating as canonical." }, { "scheme": "FDA UNII", "value_or_pattern": "SOI2LOH54Z", "note": "Substance identifier used in US drug and cosmetic listings." }, { "scheme": "Colour Index", "value_or_pattern": "Pigment White 4 / CI 77947", "note": "Pigment and cosmetic colour designation." }, { "scheme": "INCI", "value_or_pattern": "Zinc Oxide", "note": "Cosmetic ingredient name; nano grades are labelled Zinc Oxide (nano) in the EU." }, { "scheme": "InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N", "note": "Standard key for ZnO." }, { "scheme": "HS / Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "2817.00", "note": "Heading covering zinc oxide and zinc peroxide; national splits then separate the two." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ASTM International: ASTM D79/D79M, zinc oxide pigments.", "ISO: ISO 9298, test methods for zinc oxide as a rubber compounding ingredient.", "United States Pharmacopeia: Zinc Oxide monograph.", "EDQM / European Pharmacopoeia: Zinc oxide monograph.", "US FDA: 21 CFR 73.1991 (drug colour additive); 21 CFR 182.8991 (GRAS nutrient); zinc oxide listed as a GRASE sunscreen active under the OTC sunscreen framework.", "European Commission: Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009 Annex VI, zinc oxide (including nano form) as a UV filter, with concentration and spray-application limits.", "ECHA / CLP: zinc oxide classified Aquatic Acute 1 and Aquatic Chronic 1 (H400/H410).", "European Commission / EMA CVMP: 2017 implementing decision withdrawing oral veterinary ZnO products for food-producing animals, with use ending in the EU in 2022.", "US OSHA / NIOSH: occupational limits for zinc oxide dust and fume (commonly 5 mg/m³ as fume), metal fume fever being the characteristic acute effect." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Largest historical tonnage is as an activator and cure-control additive in sulphur-vulcanised rubber (tyres, hoses, footwear).", "White pigment and opacifier in paints, coatings, ceramics, glass, and paper, sold as zinc white.", "Broad-spectrum inorganic UV filter in sunscreens and daily cosmetics, including coated nanoparticles that look less white on skin.", "Topical medicine: calamine and zinc oxide ointments, diaper-rash pastes, and zinc oxide adhesive tape.", "Weaner-pig diets at pharmacological zinc levels to limit post-weaning diarrhoea (still used in several producing regions; no longer authorised as a VMP in the EU).", "Electroceramics: ZnO varistors, ferrite-related mixes, piezoelectric and SAW devices, transparent conductors, and gas sensors.", "Chemical intermediate and desulphurising / fluxing agent in some metallurgical and cement operations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "81.38", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Crystallographic density (wurtzite)", "typical_range": "5.6-5.61", "unit": "g/cm³" }, { "quantity": "Optical band gap (wurtzite, ~300 K)", "typical_range": "3.3-3.4", "unit": "eV" }, { "quantity": "Melting / sublimation temperature", "typical_range": "about 1975", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "BET specific surface area", "typical_range": "standard French-process ~4-10; active rubber grades ~30-70", "unit": "m²/g" }, { "quantity": "Primary particle size", "typical_range": "pigment 0.1-1; nano UV-filter typically 10-200", "unit": "µm for pigment, nm for nano grades" }, { "quantity": "Refractive index (wurtzite)", "typical_range": "n ≈ 2.00-2.02", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Assay as ZnO", "typical_range": "industrial ≥99; pharmacopoeial typically ≥99.0 with Pb/Cd/As limits", "unit": "mass %" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Inhalation of freshly formed ZnO fume (welding or cutting galvanised steel) causes metal fume fever.", "Uncoated nano-ZnO is photocatalytic and can generate reactive oxygen species, degrading organic binders, sunscreen organics, and, in poorly formulated products, increasing phototoxic stress.", "Classified as very toxic to aquatic life; industrial and high-dose agricultural releases enrich soils and manure with zinc.", "Chronic excess zinc intake induces copper deficiency; large acute ingestion causes gastrointestinal zinc toxicity.", "Photocatalytic chalking of ZnO-pigmented paints and coatings if the binder is not stabilised.", "Poor dispersion of rubber-grade ZnO gives uneven cure, scorch, and physical-property scatter.", "Fine and nano dusts are an occupational inhalation concern even when acute toxicity is modest.", "High-dose veterinary use selects for zinc-tolerant bacteria and is implicated in co-selection of antimicrobial resistance." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Trade still names product by process: French (indirect), American (direct), and various wet-process Asian grades.", "Pharmacological ZnO in weaner pigs was withdrawn in the EU in 2022; high-dose feed use remains common in the United States, China, Brazil, and other pig-producing regions.", "EU cosmetics law requires [nano] labelling and Annex VI conditions for nano-ZnO; the United States treats zinc oxide as a GRASE sunscreen active without an equivalent nano annex.", "Artists' materials use the names zinc white and Chinese white; rubber trade historically used White/Green/Red Seal grades tied to lead content.", "Japan, Korea, and parts of Europe concentrate electronic-grade crystals, varistors, and thin films, while bulk pigment and rubber grades are global commodity chemicals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Titanium dioxide (TiO2)", "difference": "Also a white pigment and sunscreen UV filter; separate by XRF/ICP (Ti vs Zn) and XRD (rutile/anatase vs wurtzite). Rutile has a markedly higher refractive index (~2.7 vs ~2.0)." }, { "name": "Zinc peroxide (ZnO2)", "difference": "Same HS heading family but different compound (CAS 1314-22-3); peroxide oxygen assay and thermal oxygen release distinguish it from ZnO." }, { "name": "Lithopone (ZnS + BaSO4)", "difference": "White zinc-containing pigment; barium assay, sulphide tests, and XRD show sphalerite/barite rather than wurtzite ZnO." }, { "name": "Zinc sulphide (ZnS)", "difference": "Acid plus evolution of H2S, and XRD of sphalerite/wurtzite-ZnS, versus acid dissolution of ZnO to Zn²⁺ with no sulphide." }, { "name": "Magnesium oxide (MgO)", "difference": "Similar white refractory oxide; density (~3.58 vs 5.61 g/cm³) and Mg vs Zn assay separate them." }, { "name": "Calamine / zinc carbonate", "difference": "Historical skin preparations mix ZnO with iron oxides or use basic zinc carbonate; carbonate gives CO2 on acid, and Fe₂O₃ tints the pink calamine grade." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of zinc oxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own zinc oxide, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Which identity and assay methods reliably distinguish ZnO from relevant secondary zinc compounds in each supported material form?", "Which application-specific specifications should govern impurities, surface treatments and lot acceptance?", "Which particle-size definitions and measurement protocols should govern nano designations and comparisons between grades?", "What evidence is sufficient to predict dissolution, surface change and functional performance after realistic storage or processing?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a zinc oxide, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify zinc oxide material, assess its condition and suitability, and select justified handling, processing or use actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a zinc oxide, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one zinc oxide from another, and a zinc oxide from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a zinc oxide sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a zinc oxide from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a zinc oxide is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a zinc oxide is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a zinc oxide is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a zinc oxide is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a zinc oxide is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a zinc oxide is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a zinc oxide passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a zinc oxide between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a zinc oxide, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a zinc oxide is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a zinc oxide and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a zinc oxide is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a zinc oxide performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a zinc oxide.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a zinc oxide at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a zinc oxide there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What zinc oxide is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name zinc oxide unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of zinc oxide exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How zinc oxide behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of zinc oxide, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is zinc oxide incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How zinc oxide can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is zinc oxide classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover zinc oxide, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a zinc oxide came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a zinc oxide and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a zinc oxide is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a zinc oxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a zinc oxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a zinc oxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }