{ "model": { "rank": 5903, "code": "thing-q190122", "model_id": "vr.tr.promissory-note", "name": "promissory note", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a promissory note, assess the evidence of its payment promise and current status, and identify actions requiring authority or further verification.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190122/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "secured note", "foreign cash", "foreign currencies", "commercial paper", "note rural promissory", "legal tender", "Mefo bills" ], "aliasCount": 7, "merged": 7, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190122", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190122", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:01:38Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0103054, "turns": 1, "seconds": 150.8, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 83, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b4c-13a3-7f10-ae90-8c86920d0d2b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: promissory note\nRegistry id: vr.tr.promissory-note\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190122", "registryId": "vr.tr.promissory-note", "name": "promissory note", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190122/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.promissory-note", "name": "promissory note", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a promissory note, assess the evidence of its payment promise and current status, and identify actions requiring authority or further verification.", "definition": "A promissory note is a documentary instrument (historically a signed paper writing, now sometimes an electronic record) in which the maker undertakes an unconditional promise to pay a fixed or determinable sum of money to a named payee or to bearer, on demand or at a definite time, and which may circulate as a negotiable instrument if it meets the applicable statute of form.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the promissory note as a documentary instrument: its embodiment, attributed payment promise, parties, terms, execution evidence, holding and transfer history, and documented discharge or dispute, while leaving jurisdiction-dependent legal conclusions explicit and unresolved until verified.", "in_scope": [ "The physical instrument, its pages, attachments, markings and relationship to copies or digital representations", "The maker's attributed promise to pay and the parties identified by the instrument", "Principal, currency, interest provisions, payment timing and conditions expressed in the note", "Signatures, execution evidence, amendments and document integrity", "Possession, claimed entitlement, transfers, payments, cancellation and disputes affecting the note" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The complete underlying loan, sale or other transaction that occasioned the note", "The maker's overall financial condition and creditworthiness", "Ownership, valuation and enforcement of collateral securing the obligation", "Bank accounts, payment infrastructure and settlement operations", "Court proceedings, collection strategy and jurisdiction-wide legal doctrine" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Look for language attributing a promise to pay to the maker; an acknowledgement of debt alone does not establish that the document contains such a promise.", "Determine whether the document expresses the maker's own payment promise or instead directs another party to pay, as a cheque or bill of exchange does.", "Separate an instrument expressing a payment obligation from a receipt recording payment already made; later payment annotations may appear on the same note.", "Determine whether the document is presented as a distinct payment instrument or merely contains repayment terms within a wider agreement.", "Separate recognition as a promissory note from classification as negotiable, valid or enforceable; those classifications require additional evidence and applicable rules." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Instrument embodiment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "paper instrument | electronic record | copy or image | uncertain", "why_it_matters": "An agent must distinguish the instrument being acted upon from a representation whose possession may have different consequences." }, { "name": "Maker and signature attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified maker(s), attributed signatory or representative, supporting evidence and attribution uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "The payment promise must be connected to the person or entity said to have made it." }, { "name": "Payee and claimed entitlement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "named payee, current possessor, claimed person entitled to payment and basis of each role", "why_it_matters": "The original recipient, physical custodian and person claiming payment may differ." }, { "name": "Stated principal", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "monetary amount and stated currency; record conflicting expressions separately", "why_it_matters": "It anchors the payment promise without being confused with the amount currently outstanding." }, { "name": "Interest provision", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "expressly interest-free | fixed rate | variable rate | other formula | silent | ambiguous", "why_it_matters": "Interest calculations require the actual provision, including any rate basis and calculation conventions." }, { "name": "Payment timing", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "on demand | single stated maturity | instalments | event-linked | ambiguous", "why_it_matters": "The timing provision determines which dates, events or demands must be evidenced before assessing whether payment is due." }, { "name": "Document integrity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "no discrepancy observed | incomplete | alteration suspected | competing versions | not assessed", "why_it_matters": "Missing pages or changed terms can undermine interpretation and require investigation." }, { "name": "Reconciled unpaid amount", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "amount by currency and as-of date, with calculation basis, payment evidence and unresolved differences", "why_it_matters": "The face amount alone does not show the remaining obligation." }, { "name": "Payment and discharge status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not assessed | no payment evidenced | partly paid | full payment evidenced | discharge asserted | disputed", "why_it_matters": "Recorded payment, asserted discharge and an established legal conclusion must remain distinguishable." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect and transcribe the payment promise, signatures and operative terms while retaining links to their locations on the instrument.", "Compare the presented note with copies, attachments and amendments to flag missing or conflicting content.", "Construct a payment schedule or balance estimate when the terms and supporting payment evidence are sufficient.", "Trace possession and claimed entitlement through documented transfers without treating possession alone as conclusive.", "Record evidence of presentation, demand, payment, surrender or cancellation and identify unresolved consequences.", "Identify prerequisites and authority needed before transferring, presenting, amending, cancelling or acting on the note." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ucc-art-3", "title": "Uniform Commercial Code, Article 3 (Negotiable Instruments), especially §§ 3-104, 3-108, 3-109, 3-301 to 3-312, 3-401 to 3-420", "url": "https://www.law.cornell.edu/ucc/3", "what_it_supports": "U.S. statutory definition of a note, negotiability requirements (unconditional promise, fixed or determinable sum, demand or definite time, to order or bearer), transfer, presentment, lost-instrument procedure, and liability of maker and endorsers.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "bea-1882", "title": "Bills of Exchange Act 1882, c. 61, Part IV (Promissory Notes), especially ss. 83-89", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/45-46/61/contents", "what_it_supports": "Common-law statutory definition used in the United Kingdom and, with local adaptation, much of the Commonwealth: a note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person to another, signed by the maker, engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed or determinable future time a sum certain in money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer; also the distinction from a bill of exchange.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "geneva-1930", "title": "Convention providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (Geneva, 7 June 1930), Annex I, Title II (Promissory Notes), arts. 75-78", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Civil-law uniform form requirements, including that the instrument must contain the term 'promissory note' in the language of the instrument, an unconditional promise to pay, the name of the person to whom payment is to be made, the signature of the maker, and related rules on aval, maturity, and recourse." }, { "id": "uncitral-1988", "title": "United Nations Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes (New York, 9 December 1988)", "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/payments/conventions/bills_of_exchange", "what_it_supports": "Attempted uniform regime for international notes (the words 'international promissory note' plus UNCITRAL Convention on the face); useful as a contrast because few states have brought it into force, so domestic UCC, Bills of Exchange Act, or Geneva rules still govern almost all notes.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "instrument-and-payment-promise", "name": "Instrument and payment promise", "description": "Establishes what document is being modelled and what payment commitment it expresses.", "rationale": "A title or registry label cannot establish the substance or boundaries of the instrument.", "layers": [ { "id": "documentary-boundary", "name": "Documentary boundary", "description": "Identifies the presented instrument and the material forming part of it.", "findings": [ { "id": "note-and-associated-material", "name": "Note and associated material", "description": "Record the note's embodiment, identifying marks, pages and attachments, distinguishing originals, representations and referenced agreements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pages, reverse-side markings and attached sheets are presented as part of this note?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "note-and-associated-material-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence identifies this item as an original instrument, an electronic record or a copy?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "note-and-associated-material-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "promise-recognition", "name": "Promise recognition", "description": "Examines the operative wording before assigning a legal classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "expressed-payment-commitment", "name": "Expressed payment commitment", "description": "Capture the words expressing the maker's payment promise and any qualifications or references that affect its interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact wording expresses a promise by the maker to pay, rather than only acknowledging debt or ordering someone else to pay?", "kind": "definition", "id": "expressed-payment-commitment-q01" }, { "text": "Which conditions or references qualify the promise, and which merely describe the underlying transaction?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "expressed-payment-commitment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "parties-and-execution", "name": "Parties and execution", "description": "Connects the payment promise to its attributed maker, recipient and execution evidence.", "rationale": "The agent needs evidence of who undertook the promise and in what capacity before attributing responsibility.", "layers": [ { "id": "promising-and-receiving-parties", "name": "Promising and receiving parties", "description": "Separates the roles stated in the note from other participants in the transaction.", "findings": [ { "id": "maker-and-payee-identification", "name": "Maker and payee identification", "description": "Record each named maker and payee, the wording identifying the recipient of payment, and ambiguities in identity or role.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is identified as making the promise, and what evidence resolves abbreviated or conflicting names?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "maker-and-payee-identification-q01" }, { "text": "To whom does the note say payment is to be made, including any order or bearer wording?", "kind": "definition", "id": "maker-and-payee-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "signature-and-capacity", "name": "Signature and capacity", "description": "Examines attribution, representative capacity and execution chronology.", "findings": [ { "id": "execution-evidence", "name": "Execution evidence", "description": "Record signatures or other execution evidence, stated capacities, dates and places without assuming authenticity or authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence attributes each maker's signature or execution act to the identified person?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "execution-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "If someone signed for an entity or another person, what capacity is stated and what evidence supports that authority?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "execution-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Which execution details remain unverified before the agent may rely on the attributed promise?", "kind": "action", "id": "execution-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "payment-terms-and-triggers", "name": "Payment terms and triggers", "description": "Captures what is promised, how amounts are determined and when payment is called for.", "rationale": "The note's state cannot be judged from principal or maturity alone when interest, instalments or triggering events apply.", "layers": [ { "id": "amount-and-interest", "name": "Amount and interest", "description": "Preserves the monetary expressions and calculation provisions in the note.", "findings": [ { "id": "promised-sum-and-calculation-basis", "name": "Promised sum and calculation basis", "description": "Record principal, currency, interest and additional charges as written, flagging missing conventions or inconsistent amounts.", "questions": [ { "text": "What principal and currency are stated, and do words, numerals or different sections disagree?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "promised-sum-and-calculation-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What interest and charge provisions are expressed, including rate changes, accrual dates and calculation conventions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "promised-sum-and-calculation-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maturity-demand-and-acceleration", "name": "Maturity, demand and acceleration", "description": "Identifies the events and procedural evidence relevant to payment becoming due.", "findings": [ { "id": "payment-timing-and-trigger-evidence", "name": "Payment timing and trigger evidence", "description": "Record maturity or instalment terms, demand provisions and any stated acceleration mechanism, separating contractual wording from verified effect.", "questions": [ { "text": "What dates, instalment schedule, demand or other events does the note specify for payment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "payment-timing-and-trigger-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence shows that a relevant demand, notice, missed instalment or other stated trigger occurred?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "payment-timing-and-trigger-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What unresolved interpretation or applicable rule prevents the agent from determining the amount currently due?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "payment-timing-and-trigger-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "custody-transfer-and-integrity", "name": "Custody, transfer and integrity", "description": "Tracks where the instrument is, how claims to it arose and whether its operative content changed.", "rationale": "Physical access, a transfer record and entitlement to payment are different facts that must be examined together.", "layers": [ { "id": "possession-and-entitlement-history", "name": "Possession and entitlement history", "description": "Traces custody and claimed rights without collapsing them into ownership.", "findings": [ { "id": "custody-and-transfer-chain", "name": "Custody and transfer chain", "description": "Record the current custodian, claimed payment entitlement, endorsements, assignments and delivery evidence, including gaps or rival claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who currently holds the instrument, and on what documented basis does anyone claim entitlement to payment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "custody-and-transfer-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Which endorsements, assignments or delivery records connect the named payee to the current claimant, and where are the gaps?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "custody-and-transfer-chain-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence and authority must be verified before an agent facilitates a proposed transfer or release of custody?", "kind": "action", "id": "custody-and-transfer-chain-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "alterations-and-competing-instruments", "name": "Alterations and competing instruments", "description": "Examines changes, substitutions and uncertainty about which instrument governs.", "findings": [ { "id": "operative-version-and-change-evidence", "name": "Operative version and change evidence", "description": "Record amendments, erasures, replacements, missing originals and competing versions, preserving evidence of consent and chronology.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do available versions differ in amount, payee, maturity, signatures or other operative wording?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "operative-version-and-change-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence explains and authorises each change or establishes the relationship between an earlier note and a replacement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "operative-version-and-change-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-discharge-and-action", "name": "Performance, discharge and action", "description": "Relates payment and dispute evidence to the note's remaining obligation and possible next actions.", "rationale": "A signed note may persist after payment, while cancellation markings or an asserted default may require corroboration.", "layers": [ { "id": "payments-and-discharge-evidence", "name": "Payments and discharge evidence", "description": "Reconciles performance and records the basis of any asserted discharge.", "findings": [ { "id": "remaining-obligation-and-closure", "name": "Remaining obligation and closure", "description": "Connect evidenced payments to this note, record allocation assumptions, and distinguish full payment from other asserted grounds of discharge.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which payments are evidenced as applying to this note, and how were they allocated among principal, interest and charges?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "remaining-obligation-and-closure-q01" }, { "text": "What supports any asserted discharge, including receipts, release terms, surrender or cancellation markings?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "remaining-obligation-and-closure-q02" }, { "text": "What unpaid amount can be supported as of a specified date, and which assumptions or discrepancies remain?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "remaining-obligation-and-closure-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disputes-and-action-prerequisites", "name": "Disputes and action prerequisites", "description": "Makes contested claims and dependencies visible before consequential action.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-status-and-permitted-next-step", "name": "Claim status and permitted next step", "description": "Record asserted nonpayment, authenticity or entitlement disputes and the evidence, authority and applicable rules needed for a proposed action.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which claims about nonpayment, authenticity, entitlement or discharge are disputed, by whom and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "claim-status-and-permitted-next-step-q01" }, { "text": "Before presenting, demanding payment, amending or cancelling this note, what authority and procedural prerequisites must be established?", "kind": "action", "id": "claim-status-and-permitted-next-step-q02" }, { "text": "Which questions about negotiability, enforceability, time limits or remedies require jurisdiction-specific assessment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "claim-status-and-permitted-next-step-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Demand note (payable on presentment)", "Time or term note (payable on a stated date)", "Installment note (principal repaid on a schedule)", "Balloon note (modest periodic payments then a large final payment)", "Secured or mortgage note (payment backed by collateral, often a mortgage or security agreement)", "Bearer note (payable to whoever holds the instrument)", "Convertible note (venture-finance note that converts into equity)", "Master promissory note (standing multi-disbursement student-aid instrument in U.S. federal lending)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q219692", "note": "Item for promissory note as a legal/documentary instrument; confirm against the live item before treating the Q-id as canonical." }, { "scheme": "UCC instrument type", "value_or_pattern": "note (UCC § 3-104(e))", "note": "A note is a promise, as distinct from a draft (an order). Not a product code; it is the statutory class name." }, { "scheme": "ISIN (ISO 6166)", "value_or_pattern": "2-letter country code + 9 alphanumeric + 1 check digit", "note": "Applies only when the note is issued or deposited as a security, not to ordinary private paper notes." }, { "scheme": "CUSIP", "value_or_pattern": "9-character alphanumeric", "note": "U.S./Canadian security identifier for notes that trade as securities (commercial paper, corporate notes, some mortgage notes in pools)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Uniform Commercial Code Article 3 - American Law Institute and Uniform Law Commission (U.S. states, with non-uniform amendments).", "Bills of Exchange Act 1882 - Parliament of the United Kingdom; local Bills of Exchange or Negotiable Instruments Acts in many Commonwealth jurisdictions (e.g. India's Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881).", "Convention providing a Uniform Law for Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes (Geneva, 1930) - League of Nations; still the backbone of note law in much of continental Europe and jurisdictions that followed it.", "United Nations Convention on International Bills of Exchange and International Promissory Notes (1988) - UNCITRAL; little in force.", "Truth in Lending Act and Regulation Z - U.S. Congress and Consumer Financial Protection Bureau / Federal Reserve, for consumer-purpose notes (APR disclosure, right of rescission on some secured notes).", "U.S. Direct Loan Master Promissory Note regime - Higher Education Act and 34 C.F.R. Part 685 (U.S. Department of Education).", "Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (E-SIGN) and Uniform Electronic Transactions Act - U.S. federal and state law for electronic notes; eNote registries used in U.S. mortgage practice.", "Usury and consumer-credit statutes of the governing state or country, which cap rate and may void or reform the note." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "At a residential or commercial property closing the borrower signs a note (the debt) and a separate mortgage or deed of trust (the lien); the note is what is later sold, pooled, or enforced.", "Banks, finance companies, and private lenders take notes as the core evidence of a business or personal loan, often with a security agreement or guarantee attached.", "Startups issue convertible promissory notes to seed investors as a short-term debt that is expected to convert at a later equity round.", "U.S. federal student borrowers sign a Master Promissory Note that can cover multiple disbursements across years.", "Seller-financed real estate and equipment deals use installment or balloon notes in place of, or alongside, bank credit.", "Short-term corporate funding is often done with promissory notes that, when meeting commercial-paper market conventions, trade as securities.", "The paper (or authoritative electronic copy) is presented for payment, endorsed to a new holder, discounted to a bank, or produced in court as the claim on the debt.", "Historical banknotes began as promissory notes of a bank payable to bearer; modern currency has largely left that private-instrument regime." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Original principal (face amount)", "typical_range": "Consumer and SME notes commonly 1e3-1e7 in the note's currency; public and intercompany notes range from small sums to billions; no inherent upper bound", "unit": "currency units of the note" }, { "quantity": "Contract interest rate", "typical_range": "0 (interest-free or original-issue-discount notes) to the local usury or consumer-credit cap; many commercial notes sit near prevailing credit spreads (often low single digits to mid-teens percent per year)", "unit": "% per year" }, { "quantity": "Tenor / stated maturity", "typical_range": "Demand (no fixed date) through 30-90 day commercial paper, 1-7 year business notes, and 15-30 year residential mortgage notes", "unit": "days or years" }, { "quantity": "Outstanding unpaid principal", "typical_range": "0 after payoff, up to the original face plus capitalized interest and recoverable costs", "unit": "currency units of the note" }, { "quantity": "Payment frequency", "typical_range": "On demand, or monthly (most consumer/mortgage), quarterly, or a single bullet at maturity", "unit": "payments per year" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Maker default, acceleration of the unpaid balance, and judgment or foreclosure on any collateral.", "Form defects (a conditional promise, an uncertain sum, or missing parties) that destroy negotiability or, in Geneva-system countries, validity as a note.", "Forged maker signature (no maker liability) or forged endorsement (breaks the chain of title).", "Alteration of amount, date, or payee after issue.", "Loss, theft, or destruction of the unique paper original; transfer to a holder in due course can cut off the maker's personal defenses.", "Payment to the wrong person after an unrecorded transfer, or double payment if a lost-note affidavit is abused.", "Usury, illegal-purpose, or consumer-protection violations that make the note unenforceable or limit recoverable interest.", "Use of fabricated 'bonded' or sovereign-citizen promissory notes as purported payment, which is a known fraud pattern and does not discharge the underlying debt.", "In consumer settings, holder-in-due-course status historically stripped borrowers of seller-misconduct defenses; many jurisdictions now restrict that outcome on consumer paper." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "United States: UCC Article 3; 'I promise to pay' is enough; holder in due course and lost-instrument rules are heavily litigated; several states restrict or ban cognovit (confession-of-judgment) notes.", "United Kingdom and much of the Commonwealth: Bills of Exchange Act model; a note is a two-party promise, a bill is a three-party order; Inland and foreign notes still appear in older practice.", "Geneva Uniform Law countries (much of continental Europe and jurisdictions that copied it): the words 'promissory note' / 'billet à ordre' / equivalent must appear in the instrument's language; aval (guarantee on the instrument) is a distinctive practice.", "Naming: English 'promissory note'; French 'billet à ordre'; Spanish 'pagaré'; German 'eigener Wechsel' / 'Solawechsel' as distinct from a drawn Wechsel.", "Islamic-finance practice generally avoids interest-bearing notes and uses other documented payment undertakings instead.", "Electronic original notes (eNotes) are operationally established in U.S. mortgage channels via registry systems; many other jurisdictions still treat a wet-ink original as the unique instrument." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Bill of exchange (draft)", "difference": "A bill is an order by the drawer to a drawee to pay a third party (or the drawer); a promissory note is the maker's own promise to pay. Under UCC, a note is a promise and a draft is an order (UCC § 3-104)." }, { "name": "IOU / mere acknowledgment of debt", "difference": "An IOU typically admits that a sum is owed without the unconditional promise-to-pay and statutory form that make a note; it may evidence a debt but is not, without more, a negotiable instrument." }, { "name": "Cheque (check)", "difference": "A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a bank and payable on demand, not a promise by the drawer in note form." }, { "name": "Bond or debenture", "difference": "A bond is typically a security issued under an indenture or statute to many holders, often with transfer on a register; a promissory note is a discrete instrument between named parties, even when a particular issue of notes is later treated as securities." }, { "name": "Loan or credit agreement", "difference": "The agreement sets covenants, conditions, and representations; the note is the separable payment instrument. One can have a loan agreement without a note, or a note with only implied loan terms." }, { "name": "Mortgage or deed of trust", "difference": "Those instruments create or convey a lien on property; they secure a note but are not themselves the promise to pay. Enforcement of the debt is on the note; enforcement against the land is on the mortgage." }, { "name": "Banknote (paper currency)", "difference": "A modern banknote is legal-tender currency issued by a monetary authority; historically it was a bank's promissory note to bearer, but it is no longer enforced as ordinary private paper." }, { "name": "Convertible equity / SAFE", "difference": "A SAFE is usually a contract right to future equity, not a debt instrument; a convertible note remains a promissory note (a debt) until conversion or repayment." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of promissory note this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which existing Vercy models cover negotiable instruments or debt instruments, and should this entry link to or specialise one of them?", "Does this PHY / PHY.OBJ registry entry own only tangible notes, or also electronic promissory notes and their distinct control evidence?", "Which jurisdiction and applicable rules govern recognition, execution, transfer, negotiability and enforcement for each modelled note?", "How should the model represent several makers, accommodation parties or guarantees appearing on the note without absorbing neighbouring obligation models?", "What evidence standards should support conclusions about lost or replaced originals, disputed alterations, payment allocation and final discharge?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a promissory note, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a promissory note, assess the evidence of its payment promise and current status, and identify actions requiring authority or further verification.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: secured note, foreign cash, foreign currencies, commercial paper, note rural promissory, legal tender, Mefo bills.", "7 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a promissory note, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "secured note", "foreign cash", "foreign currencies", "commercial paper", "note rural promissory", "legal tender", "Mefo bills" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 7 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one promissory note from another, and a promissory note from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a promissory note sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a promissory note from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a promissory note is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a promissory note is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a promissory note is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a promissory note is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a promissory note is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a promissory note is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a promissory note passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a promissory note between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a promissory note, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a promissory note is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What promissory note is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does promissory note perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise promissory note, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How promissory note is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does promissory note have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does promissory note need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about promissory note is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about promissory note hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern promissory note, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a promissory note came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a promissory note and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a promissory note is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a promissory note, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a promissory note, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a promissory note is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }