{ "model": { "rank": 5097, "code": "thing-q190444", "model_id": "vr.tr.rare-earth-element", "name": "rare earth element", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a rare-earth element, assess the identity and condition of material representing it, and determine which handling, comparison or use decisions its evidence supports.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190444/", "tier": 2, "score": 70, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 70, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190444", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190444", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:39:42Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-b27f-7493-a5fb-a6625b621eaf\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rare earth element\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0881b-b270-7793-99c0-d149e4d057b8\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rare earth element\nRegistry id: vr.tr.rare-earth-element\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190444", "registryId": "vr.tr.rare-earth-element", "name": "rare earth element", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190444/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rare-earth-element", "name": "rare earth element", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a rare-earth element, assess the identity and condition of material representing it, and determine which handling, comparison or use decisions its evidence supports.", "definition": "A rare earth element is any of the 15 lanthanides, from lanthanum to lutetium, or scandium or yttrium, grouped because of similarities in their chemistry, especially their commonly trivalent states.", "scope_statement": "This draft models vr.tr.rare-earth-element in PHY / PHY.MAT as a family of chemical elements and the element-specific evidence needed to assess their material instances. It adopts the 17-member convention comprising scandium, yttrium and the lanthanides, while requiring narrower conventions to be recorded explicitly. Membership reference: [USGS Rare Earths Statistics and Information](https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/rare-earths-statistics-and-information).", "in_scope": [ "Rare-earth family membership, individual element identity and explicitly attributed subgroup conventions.", "The distinction between elemental material and an element present in a compound, alloy or mixture.", "Element-specific purity, impurity profile, isotope composition and assay basis.", "Physical state and measured properties under stated conditions.", "Evidence needed to qualify material for handling, transformation and an intended function." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete models of rare-earth-bearing minerals, ores and geological deposits.", "Independent chemical identities and full specifications of rare-earth oxides, salts and complexes.", "Complete formulations and performance models of magnets, phosphors, catalysts and alloys containing rare earths.", "Mining, beneficiation, separation and refining process design.", "Commodity markets, supplier organisations and jurisdiction-wide regulatory systems." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check the element name, symbol and atomic number against the declared rare-earth membership convention; the word 'rare' alone does not establish membership.", "Distinguish rare-earth family membership from lanthanide membership, since the adopted family convention also includes scandium and yttrium.", "Require an individual element identity before treating a record as a single element; a mixed rare-earth concentrate or aggregate assay does not supply one.", "Determine whether the identified element is present as elemental metal, an ion in a compound or a constituent of a mixture; an element-content measurement does not establish metallic form.", "Keep family identity separate from abundance, critical-material designation and commercial grade, each of which requires its own evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Element identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Verified element name, symbol and atomic number", "why_it_matters": "Anchors measurements and identifiers to a specific family member." }, { "name": "Membership and subgroup convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Named membership authority; light, heavy, other or unassigned under a cited convention", "why_it_matters": "Makes differences between scientific and commercial groupings explicit." }, { "name": "Chemical form and host", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Elemental substance, compound, alloy, mineral or mixture record; oxidation state where established", "why_it_matters": "Prevents properties of a host material from being attributed to the element itself." }, { "name": "Element content and purity basis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or mass %, with denominator, dry or wet basis, method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes whole-sample purity from purity relative only to measured rare-earth constituents." }, { "name": "Rare-earth reporting basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Element mass, specified oxide equivalent or declared total rare-earth measure with included elements", "why_it_matters": "Supports valid comparison of differently reported assays." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg or mass % for named other rare earths and non-rare-earth contaminants; detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Exposes contaminants hidden by a single headline purity value." }, { "name": "Isotopic and radiological profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Isotope fractions; Bq/g where relevant; radionuclide identity, method and reference date", "why_it_matters": "Separates isotope-specific properties from contamination associated with material provenance." }, { "name": "Material condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Phase, morphology, particle-size distribution, surface condition and storage atmosphere at stated temperature and pressure", "why_it_matters": "Connects a material assessment to its actual condition." }, { "name": "Physical property evidence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Density in kg/m³; melting and boiling temperatures in K; applicable magnetic, optical or electrical quantities with units and conditions", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a family-wide constant from replacing element- and form-specific measurements." }, { "name": "Regulatory and hazard identity", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Verified applicable CAS, EC and PubChem records; dated classification and exposure-limit sources for the specified substance and form", "why_it_matters": "Connects proposed actions to the correct substance record instead of the broad family label." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a rare-earth label to an individual element and identify unresolved mixture or chemical-form ambiguity.", "Compare assays after aligning included elements, purity denominators and element-versus-oxide reporting bases.", "Assess whether separation and impurity evidence support a claimed element grade.", "Identify missing measurements needed to qualify a material for a specified magnetic, optical, catalytic or alloying role.", "Determine whether documented material condition and applicable handling evidence support a proposed operation.", "Link the element to its host compound, product or recovery stream without duplicating those neighbouring models." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "element-identity-and-family-boundaries", "name": "Element identity and family boundaries", "description": "Resolve what the rare-earth designation identifies and which convention supports it.", "rationale": "A family name cannot substitute for an individual chemical identity or an explicitly defined grouping.", "layers": [ { "id": "family-membership", "name": "Family membership", "description": "Establish membership and any subgroup assignment.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-membership-convention", "name": "Declared membership convention", "description": "Record the authority defining the family and any light or heavy subgroup labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which element name, symbol and atomic number does this record identify?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-membership-convention-q01" }, { "text": "Which cited convention includes this element and assigns any light or heavy subgroup?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-membership-convention-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "element-versus-containing-material", "name": "Element versus containing material", "description": "Separate elemental identity from the substance or material in which it occurs.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-identity-boundary", "name": "Chemical identity boundary", "description": "Connect the element to the actual material identity without treating a compound or mixture as a single elemental substance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the label denote elemental metal, a compound, an alloy or a mixture containing this element?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chemical-identity-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which verified identifiers describe that specific substance, and which neighbouring record owns its full specification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "chemical-identity-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "assay-purity-and-separation", "name": "Assay, purity and separation", "description": "Determine what an analytical result establishes about element content and separation from other constituents.", "rationale": "Rare-earth content, relative rare-earth purity and whole-material purity answer different qualification questions.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-denominators", "name": "Assay denominators", "description": "Make element and oxide reporting bases explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-content-values", "name": "Comparable content values", "description": "Require declared denominators and conversion assumptions before comparing assays.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is content reported as element mass, a specified oxide equivalent or a total rare-earth measure, and which constituents are included?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-content-values-q01" }, { "text": "Does the purity percentage refer to the whole sample or only its rare-earth fraction, and is the sample basis dry or wet?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-content-values-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "separation-quality", "name": "Separation quality", "description": "Assess residual rare-earth constituents and other contaminants.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-grade-claim", "name": "Supported grade claim", "description": "Tie a claimed isolated-element grade to a representative sample and an adequate impurity assay.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which other rare-earth elements and non-rare-earth impurities were quantified, with what detection limits and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-grade-claim-q01" }, { "text": "Which batch, sampling procedure and analytical report support the claimed separation quality?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-grade-claim-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-state-and-property-evidence", "name": "Chemical state and property evidence", "description": "Connect observed behaviour to the element's chemical form and material condition.", "rationale": "An element's measured behaviour must not be transferred automatically between metal, compound and host material.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-condition", "name": "Form and condition", "description": "Identify the specimen state relevant to interpretation and use.", "findings": [ { "id": "established-material-state", "name": "Established material state", "description": "Record chemical form, oxidation state where meaningful, and evidence of surface or bulk change.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes elemental versus compound form and any relevant oxidation state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "established-material-state-q01" }, { "text": "What phase, particle size, surface condition, atmosphere, temperature and pressure describe the assessed specimen?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "established-material-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "conditional-properties", "name": "Conditional properties", "description": "Qualify physical constants and functional measurements by their actual test conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributable-property-values", "name": "Attributable property values", "description": "Distinguish measurements of the element from measurements of a compound or engineered host.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which density and phase-transition values are established for this element, purity and pressure, with units and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributable-property-values-q01" }, { "text": "Do cited magnetic, optical or electrical measurements describe this elemental specimen or a containing material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attributable-property-values-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-specific-handling-and-controls", "name": "Form-specific handling and controls", "description": "Establish the evidence needed to assess operations on the actual rare-earth material.", "rationale": "A family label alone cannot establish chemical, particulate or radiological handling requirements.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-attribution", "name": "Hazard attribution", "description": "Separate hazards of the substance and physical form from those of associated contaminants.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-specific-hazard-evidence", "name": "Material-specific hazard evidence", "description": "Require hazard evidence that matches the assessed substance, morphology and composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented hazards apply to this metal, powder or containing substance at its actual particle size and condition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-specific-hazard-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Where radiological assessment is relevant, which measured radionuclides belong to the element and which are contaminants?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "material-specific-hazard-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-qualification", "name": "Operation qualification", "description": "Connect proposed handling to applicable and current evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-handling-decision", "name": "Supported handling decision", "description": "Evaluate a specific operation using the correct material identity, conditions and jurisdiction.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current classification, exposure limits and substance identifiers apply in the relevant jurisdiction?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-handling-decision-q01" }, { "text": "What documented conditions support the proposed storage, transfer, heating or machining operation, and what evidence is missing?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-handling-decision-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "functional-qualification-and-material-lineage", "name": "Functional qualification and material lineage", "description": "Connect an identified rare-earth material to an intended role and a traceable source or recovery stream.", "rationale": "Family membership does not establish interchangeability, application suitability or equivalence between supplied lots.", "layers": [ { "id": "role-specific-qualification", "name": "Role-specific qualification", "description": "Define the requirements contributed by the rare-earth constituent.", "findings": [ { "id": "element-contribution-to-use", "name": "Element contribution to use", "description": "Assess the required element, form and grade while leaving finished-product performance to its own model.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which element-specific function, chemical form and impurity limits does the intended application require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "element-contribution-to-use-q01" }, { "text": "What qualification evidence is required before accepting a different rare-earth element, grade or source for this role?", "kind": "action", "id": "element-contribution-to-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "source-and-recovery-links", "name": "Source and recovery links", "description": "Preserve material lineage across primary and recovered sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "traceable-element-bearing-stream", "name": "Traceable element-bearing stream", "description": "Link the assessed lot to its source and transformations without modelling the entire production process.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source, separation or recovery records connect this lot to its reported composition and grade?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "traceable-element-bearing-stream-q01" }, { "text": "Which host-material and process records must be consulted to judge recovery or reuse of this element from the identified stream?", "kind": "action", "id": "traceable-element-bearing-stream-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Light and heavy rare earth subgroup boundaries vary; treatment of yttrium and scandium should be stated explicitly.", "Melting points, boiling points, purity specifications and hazard classifications must be assigned to individual substances rather than to the group.", "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; 'rare earth' does not imply that every member is scarce in Earth's crust." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Light rare earth elements", "Heavy rare earth elements" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "IUPAC element names and symbols", "value_or_pattern": "Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu", "note": "These identify the 17 constituent elements; the group is not a single substance." }, { "scheme": "Atomic number", "value_or_pattern": "21, 39, 57-71", "note": "Identifies scandium, yttrium and the lanthanides, respectively." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "Individual substances have separate registry numbers.", "note": "An element, its oxide and its salts require distinct substance identities; no single number represents the whole group." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "United Nations Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS): classification depends on the specific substance and form.", "European Union REACH Regulation: registration and other obligations depend on substance identity and applicable conditions." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Neodymium and praseodymium in permanent magnets, with dysprosium or terbium used in some magnet compositions.", "Cerium oxide in glass polishing.", "Lanthanum-containing materials in petroleum-refining catalysts.", "Europium and terbium compounds in phosphors.", "Rare-earth-containing alloys in nickel-metal hydride battery electrodes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Total rare earth oxide content", "typical_range": "Material-dependent; no group-wide typical range.", "unit": "mass %", "note": "" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Finely divided forms of some rare earth metals can ignite; fire behaviour depends on the element and particle size.", "Dust inhalation and chemical toxicity require assessment of the specific metal, compound and physical form.", "Some rare earth ores contain thorium or uranium, creating radiological hazards during processing and waste management.", "Similar chemistry makes separation difficult, so residual neighbouring elements can compromise product purity.", "Promethium has no stable isotopes and requires radiological controls." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hazard labelling, workplace exposure requirements and waste controls depend on jurisdiction and the particular substance.", "Commercial reporting may express quantities as contained elements or oxide equivalents, requiring conversion before comparison." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "lanthanide", "difference": "The lanthanides are elements 57-71; the rare earth group additionally includes scandium and yttrium." }, { "name": "rare earth oxide", "difference": "An oxide is a compound of a rare earth element with oxygen, rather than the element itself." }, { "name": "rare earth mineral", "difference": "A mineral is a naturally occurring crystalline substance that may contain rare earth elements alongside other constituents." }, { "name": "rare metal", "difference": "Rare metal is a broader, context-dependent economic or technical category rather than the defined rare earth element group." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of rare earth element this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this family concept, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Which authority should govern family membership and light versus heavy subgroup labels when sources use different conventions?", "Which authoritative element-specific identity and property references will populate the model, including isotope-dependent cases?", "Which assay conventions and application specifications are needed to interpret commercial purity labels and oxide-equivalent reporting consistently?", "Which material forms, operations and jurisdictions should receive researched hazard and regulatory coverage first?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a rare earth element, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a rare-earth element, assess the identity and condition of material representing it, and determine which handling, comparison or use decisions its evidence supports.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a rare earth element, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 70 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one rare earth element from another, and a rare earth element from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a rare earth element sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a rare earth element from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a rare earth element is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a rare earth element is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a rare earth element is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a rare earth element is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a rare earth element is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a rare earth element is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a rare earth element passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a rare earth element between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a rare earth element, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a rare earth element is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a rare earth element and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a rare earth element is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a rare earth element performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a rare earth element.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a rare earth element at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a rare earth element there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What rare earth element is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name rare earth element unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of rare earth element exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How rare earth element behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of rare earth element, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is rare earth element incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How rare earth element can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is rare earth element classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover rare earth element, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a rare earth element came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a rare earth element and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a rare earth element is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a rare earth element, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a rare earth element, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a rare earth element is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }