{ "model": { "rank": 6223, "code": "thing-q190901", "model_id": "vr.tr.ammonium-cation", "name": "ammonium cation", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify ammonium cation, assess its chemical context and measured abundance, and judge appropriate analysis, transformation or handling of materials containing it.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190901/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190901", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190901", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:56:13Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 19.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08861-e9ba-7561-8cc1-67d51c58c3b0\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ammonium cation\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 188 things:\n# Batch 006: 1001 ", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 60.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08861-e9c8-70a0-ae82-78f5774ce78c\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: ammonium cation\nRegistry id: vr.tr.ammonium-cation\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190901", "registryId": "vr.tr.ammonium-cation", "name": "ammonium cation", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190901/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.ammonium-cation", "name": "ammonium cation", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify ammonium cation, assess its chemical context and measured abundance, and judge appropriate analysis, transformation or handling of materials containing it.", "definition": "The ammonium cation (NH₄⁺) is a singly positively charged, tetrahedral polyatomic ion formed by protonation of ammonia and present in ammonium salts and aqueous acid-base equilibria.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity and context-dependent state of NH4+ under registry entry vr.tr.ammonium-cation in PHY / PHY.MAT, including speciation, chemical associations, measurement and transformations; bulk properties and permissions belong to the actual containing substance or mixture.", "in_scope": [ "NH4+ composition, charge and structural identity", "Ammonium-ammonia speciation under stated conditions", "Counterions, solvation and association with host materials", "Ammonium abundance, analytical selectivity and reporting basis", "Transformations involving ammonium and constraints inherited from its chemical context" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Neutral ammonia as an independently modelled substance", "Substituted ammonium ions, including quaternary ammonium compounds", "Complete identities and bulk properties of individual ammonium salts", "Commercial fertilizers, cleaning products and other ammonium-containing formulations", "Whole treatment plants, biological pathways or manufacturing processes", "Regulatory limits and hazard classifications assigned to particular products or mixtures" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The entity contains one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms with a net charge of +1; neutral NH3 is ammonia.", "Its reference molecular geometry is tetrahedral around nitrogen; departures in a host environment require contextual description.", "It has no organic substituents on nitrogen, distinguishing NH4+ from substituted ammonium cations.", "An ammonium salt contains NH4+ together with charge-balancing anions; the salt formula and bulk properties do not identify properties of the cation alone.", "A total ammonia result may combine NH4+ and NH3 and therefore does not, by itself, establish ammonium abundance." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Ionic composition and charge", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "NH4+; net charge +1", "why_it_matters": "Establishes the entity boundary against ammonia, substituted ammonium and containing salts." }, { "name": "Isotopic composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Natural-abundance, isotope-labelled or unspecified; identify labelled atoms", "why_it_matters": "Supports tracer interpretation and correct mass-based identification." }, { "name": "Chemical environment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Aqueous, other solvent, solid host, surface-associated or gas-phase ion", "why_it_matters": "Determines which descriptions of speciation, mobility and measurement apply." }, { "name": "Counterion or host association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified anions, salt phases, exchange sites or host materials", "why_it_matters": "Connects the ion to the material whose stability and hazards must be assessed." }, { "name": "Ammonium abundance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol/L, mol/kg, mg/L as NH4+ or mg/L as N; specify matrix and basis", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incorrect comparison or conversion between ion mass and nitrogen mass." }, { "name": "Ammonium fraction of ammonia species", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Dimensionless fraction NH4+/(NH4+ + NH3) on a molar basis", "why_it_matters": "Separates ammonium from combined ammonia measurements." }, { "name": "Aqueous speciation conditions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH, temperature in °C or K, and ionic strength in mol/kg or mol/L with convention stated", "why_it_matters": "Supports defensible equilibrium calculations and comparison between samples." }, { "name": "Analytical status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Directly measured, operationally defined, calculated, below reporting limit or unverified", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes observed ammonium from inferred or insufficiently selective results." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a reported chemical identity to NH4+ and link its containing salts or mixtures.", "Estimate ammonium-ammonia partitioning when equilibrium assumptions and required conditions are justified.", "Normalize analytical results to a common nitrogen or ammonium basis while preserving uncertainty.", "Assess whether a method distinguishes ammonium from ammonia and interfering matrix components.", "Evaluate ammonium conversion, retention or release under specified chemical or biological conditions.", "Route handling decisions to the actual material identity and applicable exposure context." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "ionic-identity", "name": "Ionic identity", "description": "Recognize NH4+ and separate its identity from neighbouring nitrogen species and containing materials.", "rationale": "Ammonium is frequently conflated with ammonia, ammonium salts and organically substituted ammonium ions.", "layers": [ { "id": "composition-and-structure", "name": "Composition and structure", "description": "Establish the atomic composition, charge and structural interpretation of the ion.", "findings": [ { "id": "nh4-identity-test", "name": "NH4+ identity test", "description": "Record whether the entity is the singly charged cation containing one nitrogen and four hydrogens, with any isotope substitution identified.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the entity have composition NH4+ and net charge +1, or is it NH3 or a substituted ammonium ion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "nh4-identity-test-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence describe ordinary isotopic composition, a labelled isotopologue or an unresolved assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "nh4-identity-test-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identifier-and-material-boundaries", "name": "Identifier and material boundaries", "description": "Separate identifiers for the ion from identifiers for salts, solutions and products.", "findings": [ { "id": "identifier-target", "name": "Identifier target", "description": "Treat an external identifier as evidence only after checking which chemical entity its record denotes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does each proposed CAS, PubChem or other identifier resolve to NH4+ itself or to a particular ammonium-containing material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identifier-target-q01" }, { "text": "Which linked model owns the counterion, formulation, purity and bulk physical properties?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identifier-target-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ammonia-equilibrium", "name": "Ammonia equilibrium", "description": "Describe ammonium as a protonated ammonia species under specified equilibrium conditions.", "rationale": "A change in chemical conditions can alter NH4+ abundance without changing the combined amount of ammonium and ammonia.", "layers": [ { "id": "acid-base-partition", "name": "Acid-base partition", "description": "Capture the conditions and assumptions needed to distinguish NH4+ from NH3.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditional-speciation", "name": "Conditional speciation", "description": "Associate any calculated ammonium fraction with its solvent, temperature, pH and equilibrium convention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What solvent, temperature, pH and ionic-strength information supports the NH4+/NH3 partition estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditional-speciation-q01" }, { "text": "Which equilibrium constant and activity treatment apply, and is equilibrium a defensible assumption for this sample?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "conditional-speciation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-changes", "name": "Condition changes", "description": "Track how sampling or intervention may shift speciation and permit ammonia transfer.", "findings": [ { "id": "speciation-during-handling", "name": "Speciation during handling", "description": "Distinguish the original ammonium state from a state produced by storage, pH adjustment, heating or gas exchange.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did pH, temperature and exposure to a gas phase change between collection and measurement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "speciation-during-handling-q01" }, { "text": "Could the proposed intervention increase NH3 formation or loss, and what evidence supports that assessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "speciation-during-handling-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-host-and-accessibility", "name": "Chemical host and accessibility", "description": "Locate ammonium within solutions, solids and exchangeable or retained populations.", "rationale": "The same ion can have different availability and behaviour depending on its host and association.", "layers": [ { "id": "counterions-and-phases", "name": "Counterions and phases", "description": "Identify the surrounding material without treating an ion in solution as necessarily belonging to a unique salt.", "findings": [ { "id": "host-assignment", "name": "Host assignment", "description": "Record observed salt phases or solution composition and distinguish these from assumed ion pairing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is NH4+ present in a characterized solid phase, dissolved in a mixture or associated with a surface?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "host-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Is a named counterion pairing supported by evidence, or merely inferred from the material used to prepare the sample?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "host-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-and-extraction", "name": "Retention and extraction", "description": "Distinguish freely dissolved ammonium from fractions defined by retention or extraction procedures.", "findings": [ { "id": "accessible-ammonium-pool", "name": "Accessible ammonium pool", "description": "Qualify accessibility by the matrix and method rather than equating every extraction result with total ammonium.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the result represent dissolved, exchangeable, otherwise retained or total recoverable ammonium?", "kind": "definition", "id": "accessible-ammonium-pool-q01" }, { "text": "Which extraction conditions define that fraction, and what ammonium may remain unrecovered?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accessible-ammonium-pool-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "analytical-evidence", "name": "Analytical evidence", "description": "Make ammonium measurements interpretable across methods, matrices and reporting conventions.", "rationale": "A plausible concentration can still describe the wrong analyte, mass basis or operational fraction.", "layers": [ { "id": "analyte-and-reporting-basis", "name": "Analyte and reporting basis", "description": "Identify what the reported number measures before using or converting it.", "findings": [ { "id": "reported-nitrogen-species", "name": "Reported nitrogen species", "description": "Separate NH4+, combined NH4+ and NH3, and broader nitrogen measurements.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the method report ammonium alone, total ammonia or another nitrogen fraction?", "kind": "definition", "id": "reported-nitrogen-species-q01" }, { "text": "Is the value expressed as nitrogen mass, NH4+ mass or amount of substance, and what volume or mass basis applies?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "reported-nitrogen-species-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "selectivity-and-sample-integrity", "name": "Selectivity and sample integrity", "description": "Assess whether the measurement supports the intended ammonium claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurement-fitness", "name": "Measurement fitness", "description": "Connect the result to method selectivity, calibration, recovery, reporting limits and sample preservation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which matrix interferences, recovery checks and reporting limits constrain this ammonium result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "measurement-fitness-q01" }, { "text": "What collection, preservation and holding history supports the claim that the result represents the intended sample state?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "measurement-fitness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "transformations-and-action-context", "name": "Transformations and action context", "description": "Assess proposed changes to ammonium and connect decisions to the actual containing material.", "rationale": "Ammonium disappearance can reflect transfer or conversion, while handling constraints cannot be inferred from the ion name alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "nitrogen-fate", "name": "Nitrogen fate", "description": "Distinguish proton transfer, physical retention and chemical or biological conversion.", "findings": [ { "id": "ammonium-change-mechanism", "name": "Ammonium change mechanism", "description": "Account for where nitrogen goes when measured ammonium changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the observed change reflect NH3 formation, phase transfer, sorption, biological assimilation or chemical conversion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ammonium-change-mechanism-q01" }, { "text": "Which products, retained fractions and nitrogen-balance measurements are needed to verify the proposed outcome?", "kind": "action", "id": "ammonium-change-mechanism-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-specific-decisions", "name": "Material-specific decisions", "description": "Resolve handling and use constraints through composition, exposure and jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "applicable-constraints", "name": "Applicable constraints", "description": "Attach hazard and regulatory evidence to the identified salt, solution or exposure scenario rather than transferring it to all NH4+ occurrences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which actual material composition, concentration and potential ammonia release govern the proposed handling action?", "kind": "action", "id": "applicable-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative classification or limit applies to that material and jurisdiction, and which nitrogen species and reporting basis does it cover?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "applicable-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This description is recalled knowledge, not a source-verified account.", "The stated pKa depends on temperature and solution conditions; check the appropriate equilibrium data for quantitative work.", "Melting point, boiling point, purity specifications and regulatory classifications should be attached to a specified salt or solution, not transferred to the ammonium ion." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Chemical formula", "value_or_pattern": "NH₄⁺", "note": "Identifies the unsubstituted ammonium ion, not an entire salt or substituted ammonium ions." }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "14798-03-9", "note": "Identifier for the ammonium ion; individual ammonium salts have separate identifiers." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Supplied in ammonium-containing fertilizers as a source of nitrogen for plants.", "Measured in water and wastewater to assess nitrogen loading and treatment performance.", "Used with ammonia in aqueous buffer systems.", "Serves as the cation in salts used as laboratory reagents and industrial chemicals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "Approximately 18.04", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Net ionic charge", "typical_range": "+1", "unit": "elementary charge" }, { "quantity": "Aqueous acid dissociation constant, pKa", "typical_range": "Approximately 9.25 at 25 °C in dilute aqueous solution", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Increasing aqueous pH shifts the ammonium-ammonia equilibrium toward ammonia, potentially causing ammonia release.", "Ammonia formed from ammonium can contribute to aquatic toxicity; the proportion depends on conditions including pH and temperature.", "Biological oxidation of ammonium consumes oxygen and can acidify water.", "Hazards of ammonium salts depend strongly on their counterions and formulation; a single hazard classification cannot be assigned to all ammonium-containing materials." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Water-analysis results may be reported as mass of NH₄⁺ or as mass of nitrogen in ammonium; these reporting bases require conversion before comparison." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "ammonia", "difference": "Ammonia is neutral NH₃; ammonium is its protonated form, NH₄⁺." }, { "name": "ammonium salt", "difference": "An ammonium salt is an electrically neutral compound containing ammonium and counterions; ammonium itself is only the cation." }, { "name": "quaternary ammonium ion", "difference": "A quaternary ammonium ion has four organic substituents bonded to nitrogen, whereas NH₄⁺ has four hydrogen atoms." }, { "name": "total ammonia nitrogen", "difference": "Total ammonia nitrogen is an analytical quantity covering ammonia and ammonium expressed as nitrogen, rather than a single chemical species." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of ammonium cation this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative identifier records resolve specifically to NH4+, and which apparently relevant records instead denote salts or solutions?", "Which equilibrium datasets and activity models should support speciation across the intended temperatures, solvents and ionic strengths?", "Which analytical methods are suitable for the intended matrices, and how do they define ammonium versus total ammonia?", "Which retained ammonium fractions need representation for soil, mineral or other solid-host use cases?", "Which material-specific hazard sources and jurisdictional limits are needed for the intended actions, with their analyte and reporting bases verified?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a ammonium cation, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify ammonium cation, assess its chemical context and measured abundance, and judge appropriate analysis, transformation or handling of materials containing it.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a ammonium cation, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one ammonium cation from another, and a ammonium cation from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a ammonium cation sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a ammonium cation from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a ammonium cation is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a ammonium cation is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a ammonium cation is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a ammonium cation is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a ammonium cation is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a ammonium cation is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a ammonium cation passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a ammonium cation between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a ammonium cation, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a ammonium cation is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a ammonium cation and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a ammonium cation is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a ammonium cation performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a ammonium cation.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a ammonium cation at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a ammonium cation there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What ammonium cation is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name ammonium cation unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of ammonium cation exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How ammonium cation behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of ammonium cation, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is ammonium cation incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How ammonium cation can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is ammonium cation classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover ammonium cation, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a ammonium cation came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a ammonium cation and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a ammonium cation is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a ammonium cation, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a ammonium cation, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a ammonium cation is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }