{ "model": { "rank": 5883, "code": "thing-q190977", "model_id": "vr.tr.nut-q190977", "name": "nut", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a nut as a biological fruit, assess its maturity and integrity, and determine whether handling, storage, propagation or food use is supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q190977/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Jesus nut", "cage nut", "clip-on nut", "Insert nut", "lug nut", "Internal wrenching nut", "hexagon nut", "acorn nut", "barrel nut", "coupling nut", "flange nut", "Frangible nut", "interfering thread nut", "jam nut", "Jet nut", "serrated face nut", "keps nut", "Knurled nut", "locknut", "Plate nut", "speed nut", "Split nut", "square nut", "swage nut", "T-nut", "T-slot nut", "weld nut", "well nut", "castellated nut", "Rampa-nut", "distorted thread locknut", "Split beam nut", "Nyloc nut" ], "aliasCount": 33, "merged": 33, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.nut-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q190977", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190977", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:54:56Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0153918, "turns": 1, "seconds": 204, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 75.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b45-2363-7e62-b8aa-67f4c052616d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: nut\nRegistry id: vr.tr.nut-q190977\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy m" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q190977", "registryId": "vr.tr.nut-q190977", "name": "nut", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q190977/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.nut-q190977", "name": "nut", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a nut as a biological fruit, assess its maturity and integrity, and determine whether handling, storage, propagation or food use is supported by evidence.", "definition": "A nut is a dry indehiscent fruit whose pericarp lignifies into a hard shell around, usually, a single seed; in agriculture, food trade and allergy law the same name is extended to morphologically different edible oily kernels that are botanically drupe seeds, legume seeds or gymnosperm seeds.", "scope_statement": "This model owns an individual nut's biological identity, fruit and seed boundaries, developmental state, physical condition and suitability for intended actions; botanical fruit is the provisional interpretation pending confirmation of the registry's intended meaning.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the nut and its relationship to its parent plant", "Distinction between fruit wall, seed coat and enclosed seed", "Maturity, filling, attachment and germination state", "Shell and kernel integrity, moisture and observed deterioration", "Evidence supporting storage, opening, propagation or food use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The parent plant's overall physiology, cultivation and health", "Metal threaded nuts and their fastening functions", "Recipes and manufactured foods containing nuts", "Human allergy diagnosis and individual dietary suitability", "Commercial lot certification, packaging systems and supply-chain management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether the object is a whole fruit, an extracted seed or a fragment; a loose edible kernel does not establish the original fruit type.", "Determine which tissue forms the hard enclosure: fruit wall or seed coat.", "Check whether an intact mature fruit naturally remains closed; distinguish natural opening from breakage, animal damage and processing.", "Record whether a fleshy fruit layer surrounds or formerly surrounded a hard inner enclosure, supporting comparison with a drupe.", "Compare verified parent-plant identity and fruit anatomy with botanical usage; record a culinary 'nut' label separately." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identity and evidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Candidate plant taxon, confidence and identification basis", "why_it_matters": "Identity determines how anatomy, maturity and potential uses should be interpreted." }, { "name": "Meaning of nut", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Botanical fruit / culinary designation / unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a shared food name from silently determining biological classification." }, { "name": "Parent plant", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Observed parent individual or attributed taxon; unknown permitted", "why_it_matters": "Links the specimen to evidence needed for identification and developmental interpretation." }, { "name": "Retained anatomical parts", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Fruit wall, seed coat, seed, associated covering; present / absent / uncertain", "why_it_matters": "Defines the object being assessed and distinguishes intact fruit from processed material." }, { "name": "Dimensions and mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length, width and shell thickness in mm; mass in g; anatomical basis recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification, comparison and selection of handling or opening methods." }, { "name": "Developmental state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Immature / mature / germinating / unresolved, with assessment evidence", "why_it_matters": "Determines which storage, harvest or propagation actions warrant consideration." }, { "name": "Seed filling", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Empty / partly filled / filled / unexamined, with inspection method", "why_it_matters": "External shell appearance alone does not establish usable internal material." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Percent by mass, specifying wet or dry basis, sampled tissue and method", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of drying, storage and propagation suitability." }, { "name": "Shell and internal condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Intactness, cracks, holes, discoloration, visible growth and abnormal odour; inspected parts recorded", "why_it_matters": "Identifies damage and deterioration while preserving limits of inspection." }, { "name": "Prior treatment", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Raw / dried / heated / chemically treated / other / unknown, with available details", "why_it_matters": "Treatment can change the evidence needed for food use and propagation." } ], "affordances": [ "Inspect the fruit and associated coverings to refine identification.", "Measure shell geometry, mass, moisture and seed filling using suitable methods.", "Open or section the nut when internal inspection justifies destructive examination.", "Choose and monitor storage or drying conditions using identity-specific evidence.", "Assess suitability for a germination attempt and record the outcome.", "Route the nut for food-use assessment, further testing or rejection according to documented evidence." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wiki-nut-fruit", "title": "Nut (fruit) - Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nut_(fruit)", "what_it_supports": "Botanical versus culinary scope of \"nut\", and the main taxa sold as nuts.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "kew-glossary", "title": "The Kew Plant Glossary: an Illustrated Dictionary of Plant Terms (2nd ed.), Henk Beentje - Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Morphological definition of a nut as a dry indehiscent fruit with a hard pericarp." }, { "id": "eu-1169-2011", "title": "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers, Annex II - European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32011R1169", "what_it_supports": "The eight tree nuts plus peanut that European labelling law treats as allergens.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "falcpa-fda", "title": "Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 (FALCPA) and FDA major-food-allergen guidance - U.S. Congress / U.S. Food and Drug Administration", "url": "https://www.fda.gov/food/nutrition-food-labeling-and-critical-foods/food-allergies", "what_it_supports": "Peanut and tree nuts as major U.S. food allergens, and the common U.S. practice of keeping coconut off the tree-nut allergen list.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "codex-cxs-193", "title": "General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995) - FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission", "url": "https://www.fao.org/fao-who-codexalimentarius/codex-texts/list-standards/en/", "what_it_supports": "International maximum levels for aflatoxins in peanuts and tree nuts.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "unece-ddp", "title": "UNECE DDP commercial quality standards for dry and dried produce (walnuts, almonds, hazelnuts, pistachios, pecans, pine nuts and related products) - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "How nuts are graded and traded as in-shell fruit versus shelled kernels." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "nut-identity-and-boundary", "name": "Nut identity and boundary", "description": "Establish what biological object is present and why it is being called a nut.", "rationale": "The term can conceal differences between whole fruits, seeds and culinary groupings that change subsequent decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "botanical-and-named-identity", "name": "Botanical and named identity", "description": "Separate supported plant identity from the name attached to the specimen.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-basis", "name": "Identity basis", "description": "Record the proposed identity, supporting observations and unresolved alternatives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which plant taxon is supported by the specimen or its parent plant, and with what confidence?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identity-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Does the label 'nut' come from anatomical identification, a supplier label or culinary usage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-and-seed-boundaries", "name": "Fruit and seed boundaries", "description": "Identify the hard enclosure, enclosed seed and any retained associated covering.", "findings": [ { "id": "anatomical-membership", "name": "Anatomical membership", "description": "Record which parts belong to the fruit and which parts are missing, detached or uncertain.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the observed hard enclosure fruit wall, seed coat or an unresolved structure?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anatomical-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Is this an intact fruit, a fruit with associated covering, an extracted seed or a fragment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "anatomical-membership-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes natural mature opening from cracking or deliberate shell removal?", "kind": "definition", "id": "anatomical-membership-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "nut-development-and-seed-potential", "name": "Nut development and seed potential", "description": "Assess fruit maturity, internal development and the evidence for propagation.", "rationale": "A formed shell, a filled seed and a seed capable of germination are separate assessments.", "layers": [ { "id": "fruit-maturity-and-filling", "name": "Fruit maturity and filling", "description": "Evaluate developmental stage and the presence of developed internal material.", "findings": [ { "id": "maturity-and-fill-evidence", "name": "Maturity and fill evidence", "description": "Record maturity indicators and seed filling without treating external appearance as sufficient evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which maturity indicators are supported for the identified plant, and which are present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "maturity-and-fill-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Is the enclosure empty, partly filled or filled, and how was that assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "maturity-and-fill-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "viability-and-germination", "name": "Viability and germination", "description": "Separate observed germination, tested viability and untested propagation potential.", "findings": [ { "id": "propagation-evidence", "name": "Propagation evidence", "description": "Record evidence and history relevant to whether the enclosed seed can be used for propagation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has viability been tested or germination observed, using which method and on what date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "propagation-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What drying, heating, storage or other treatment has this nut undergone?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "propagation-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What identity-specific evidence is needed before selecting a germination treatment?", "kind": "action", "id": "propagation-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "shell-and-kernel-condition", "name": "Shell and kernel condition", "description": "Describe protective enclosure integrity and the condition of accessible internal material.", "rationale": "The shell can hide an empty, damaged or deteriorated interior, so inspection coverage must accompany condition judgments.", "layers": [ { "id": "shell-integrity", "name": "Shell integrity", "description": "Assess enclosure geometry, breaches and evidence of their origin.", "findings": [ { "id": "shell-breaches-and-geometry", "name": "Shell breaches and geometry", "description": "Record dimensions and damage that affect protection, inspection and controlled opening.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the nut's dimensions and, where measurable, shell thickness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "shell-breaches-and-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "Which cracks, punctures or holes are present, and what evidence supports their attributed cause?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "shell-breaches-and-geometry-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "internal-condition", "name": "Internal condition", "description": "Assess the seed and inner surfaces while stating what remains unexamined.", "findings": [ { "id": "kernel-condition-and-inspection-limits", "name": "Kernel condition and inspection limits", "description": "Record moisture and deterioration observations separately from conclusions requiring additional testing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What moisture result is available, for which tissue, measurement basis and method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "kernel-condition-and-inspection-limits-q01" }, { "text": "What internal damage, visible growth, discoloration or abnormal odour was observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "kernel-condition-and-inspection-limits-q02" }, { "text": "Which internal regions or potential defects remain beyond the inspection performed?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "kernel-condition-and-inspection-limits-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "nut-use-and-intervention", "name": "Nut use and intervention", "description": "Connect identity, condition and treatment history to a justified next action.", "rationale": "Opening, drying, eating and sowing impose different requirements on the same nut.", "layers": [ { "id": "storage-and-opening", "name": "Storage and opening", "description": "Choose preservation and access methods suited to the intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-plan", "name": "Handling plan", "description": "Record the intended outcome and evidence supporting storage, drying or shell opening.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the priority preserving a viable seed, retaining food quality or examining anatomy?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-plan-q01" }, { "text": "Which storage or drying conditions are supported for this identity, maturity and intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-plan-q02" }, { "text": "Can the required inspection be completed without opening the shell, and what would opening sacrifice?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-plan-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "food-use-evidence", "name": "Food-use evidence", "description": "Determine whether identity, preparation and condition evidence support considering the nut for food use.", "findings": [ { "id": "food-use-disposition", "name": "Food-use disposition", "description": "Keep a common edible name separate from evidence that this specimen is suitable for its proposed use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What reliable evidence establishes food use and any required preparation for the identified plant part?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "food-use-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Do this specimen's condition and treatment history support the proposed use, require further testing or justify rejection?", "kind": "action", "id": "food-use-disposition-q02" }, { "text": "Which decisions require a neighbouring food-safety or person-specific dietary model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "food-use-disposition-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "True botanical nuts (hazelnut, chestnut, acorn, beechnut)", "Walnut-family kernels (walnut, pecan, hickory)", "Almond-type Prunus kernels", "Anacardiaceae kernels (cashew, pistachio)", "Peanuts / groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea)", "Pine nuts (Pinus seeds)", "Tropical hard-shelled nuts (Brazil nut, macadamia)", "Coconut, when a food system treats it as a nut rather than as a separate oil-fruit" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q11009", "note": "Item for nut as a type of fruit; species sold as nuts have their own items." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (WCO)", "value_or_pattern": "0801 (coconuts, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts); 0802 (other nuts, fresh or dried, shelled or not)", "note": "Peanuts are classified as oilseeds under heading 1202, not as nuts." }, { "scheme": "EU allergen labelling (Reg. 1169/2011 Annex II)", "value_or_pattern": "almonds, hazelnuts, walnuts, cashews, pecan nuts, Brazil nuts, pistachio nuts, macadamia/Queensland nuts; peanut listed separately", "note": "Chestnut, pine nut, coconut and acorn are outside this closed list." }, { "scheme": "FDA major food allergen (FALCPA)", "value_or_pattern": "peanut; tree nuts (named by common name, e.g. almond, walnut)", "note": "Coconut is generally not treated as a tree nut for U.S. allergen labelling." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "CXS 193-1995 maximum levels for aflatoxins in peanuts and tree nuts - FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission", "CXS 200-1995 Standard for Peanuts - FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission", "UNECE DDP standards for marketing and commercial quality of specified nuts (in-shell and kernels) - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe", "Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 Annex II, tree nuts and peanuts as allergenic ingredients - European Union", "Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915 on contaminants in food (aflatoxins in nuts; successor to 1881/2006) - European Commission", "Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act of 2004 and implementing FDA rules - United States", "USDA Agricultural Marketing Service United States Standards for Grades of almonds, walnuts, pecans, filberts/hazelnuts and other tree nuts - USDA" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Eaten as snack nuts, in confectionery and bakery, and as nut butters and milks", "Pressed for edible oils (peanut, walnut, hazelnut, coconut, almond)", "Used as a protein-and-fat ingredient in processed foods and, as meal or cake, in animal feed", "Acorns and other mast crop as wildlife forage and, in Iberian montanera systems, as pig feed for cured ham", "Chestnut and acorn flours as traditional staple or famine foods in parts of the Mediterranean, East Asia and Indigenous North America", "Handled in food plants as a controlled allergen, with segregated lines and mandatory labelling" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Kernel oil content (oily culinary nuts)", "typical_range": "45-75", "unit": "% of kernel mass" }, { "quantity": "Kernel oil content (chestnut)", "typical_range": "2-5", "unit": "% of kernel mass" }, { "quantity": "Kernel moisture for safe dry storage", "typical_range": "3-8", "unit": "% of kernel mass" }, { "quantity": "Single-kernel mass", "typical_range": "0.02 (pine nut) to about 5-8 (Brazil nut, macadamia)", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Kernel protein", "typical_range": "10-26", "unit": "% of kernel mass" }, { "quantity": "Aflatoxin B1 maximum in ready-to-eat nuts (EU order of magnitude)", "typical_range": "2-8", "unit": "µg/kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Aflatoxin and other mycotoxins from Aspergillus on peanuts, pistachios, Brazil nuts and other nuts stored warm and damp", "IgE-mediated peanut and tree-nut allergy, including anaphylaxis", "Oxidative rancidity of unsaturated kernel oils", "Survival of Salmonella and other pathogens on low-moisture kernels", "Stored-product insects (navel orangeworm, Indian meal moth and others) and subsequent quality rejection", "Cyanogenic glycosides in bitter almond and some apricot kernels", "Selenium toxicity from heavy Brazil-nut consumption (the seed hyperaccumulates Se)", "Choking on whole nuts, especially in young children; shell fragments as physical contaminants in processed food" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "English \"nut\" in shops is usually oily tree-nut kernels plus peanut; chestnut, coconut and pine nut are often sold in other aisles", "\"Groundnut\" is the ordinary name for peanut in much of Africa, South Asia and older British usage", "U.S. Pacific Northwest still uses \"filbert\" alongside \"hazelnut\"", "French noix, Spanish nuez and Italian noce default to walnut; the broader class is fruits à coque / frutos secos / frutta secca", "Coconut is a nut in some culinary traditions, a fruit or oilseed in trade statistics, and usually not a tree-nut allergen in U.S. FDA practice", "Acorn foods remain ordinary in parts of Korea (dotori-muk) and in some Indigenous Californian practice, but are forage or historical food elsewhere", "Peanut is the default \"nut\" in many West African diets; cashew and coconut dominate several Indian Ocean and South Asian trades" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Hardware nut (fastener)", "difference": "A manufactured internally threaded piece; the living nut is a fruit or seed and has no thread." }, { "name": "Drupe (stone fruit)", "difference": "A drupe is fleshy at maturity with a stony endocarp; a botanical nut is dry, and the hard wall is pericarp. Almond, walnut and pecan kernels are seeds of drupes, not true nuts." }, { "name": "Legume / pulse", "difference": "Peanut is a subterranean legume fruit; it remains a pulse botanically even when sold as a nut. True nuts do not form from a dehiscent Fabaceae pod." }, { "name": "Stone or pit of a fleshy drupe (peach, cherry, plum)", "difference": "That stone is lignified endocarp around an inedible or rarely eaten seed; a culinary nut is the marketed edible kernel, sometimes the homologous Prunus seed (almond)." }, { "name": "Water chestnut", "difference": "Eleocharis dulcis is a corm and Trapa is an aquatic fruit; neither is a tree nut on allergen or HS nut headings." }, { "name": "Areca (betel) nut", "difference": "Seed of Areca catechu used as a stimulant; not a culinary tree nut on EU/US food-allergen lists and not an HS 0801/0802 dessert nut." }, { "name": "Oilseed (sunflower, sesame, rapeseed)", "difference": "Small seeds grown primarily for crushing; nuts are larger kernels eaten whole or as pieces, even when oil content is similar." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of nut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.nut-q190977 designate botanical nuts, culinary nuts or both, and which authoritative registry evidence settles that boundary?", "Which existing Vercy fruit, seed or food models already own parts of this scope and should be linked instead of duplicated?", "Which anatomical tests and exceptions are necessary to distinguish the intended nut class from drupes, capsules and hard-coated seeds?", "Which maturity, moisture, storage and germination criteria can be shared across the intended class, and which require taxon-specific extensions?", "What evidence is sufficient for food-use decisions, and where must laboratory testing or specialist assessment replace specimen-level observation?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a nut, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a nut as a biological fruit, assess its maturity and integrity, and determine whether handling, storage, propagation or food use is supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Jesus nut, cage nut, clip-on nut, Insert nut, lug nut, Internal wrenching nut, hexagon nut, acorn nut, barrel nut, coupling nut, flange nut, Frangible nut.", "33 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a nut, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Jesus nut", "cage nut", "clip-on nut", "Insert nut", "lug nut", "Internal wrenching nut", "hexagon nut", "acorn nut", "barrel nut", "coupling nut", "flange nut", "Frangible nut" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 33 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one nut from another, and a nut from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a nut sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a nut from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a nut is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a nut is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a nut is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a nut is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a nut is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a nut is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a nut passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a nut between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a nut, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a nut is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What nut is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does nut perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise nut, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How nut is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does nut have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does nut need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about nut is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about nut hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern nut, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a nut came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a nut and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a nut is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a nut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a nut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a nut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }