{ "model": { "rank": 5890, "code": "thing-q191000", "model_id": "vr.tr.oud", "name": "oud", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an oud musical instrument, assess its configuration and playability, and determine suitable tuning, playing, maintenance and conservation actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191000/", "tier": 2, "score": 64, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 64, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191000", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191000", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:53:29Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00433364, "turns": 1, "seconds": 64.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 102.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b47-f22f-7b50-b7bb-de3397ad0f7f\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: oud\nRegistry id: vr.tr.oud\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model say" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191000", "registryId": "vr.tr.oud", "name": "oud", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191000/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.oud", "name": "oud", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an oud musical instrument, assess its configuration and playability, and determine suitable tuning, playing, maintenance and conservation actions.", "definition": "The ʿūd (oud) is a short-necked, fretless, pear-shaped plucked lute of the Arab, Persian, Turkish, and neighbouring art-music traditions, whose wooden soundbox, typically eleven or thirteen courses of strings, and plectrum technique define it as the principal chordophone of classical Middle Eastern ensembles.", "scope_statement": "Provisionally interprets vr.tr.oud as the musical instrument and owns the identity, construction, string configuration, acoustic behaviour, condition and intervention constraints of an individual oud; this interpretation requires confirmation because the registry has no definition.", "in_scope": [ "Evidence identifying the instrument as an oud and supporting any maker or regional attribution", "Bowl, soundboard, neck, fingerboard, pegbox and bridge construction", "Actual string courses, vibrating lengths, string specifications and tuning", "Risha access, playing geometry and observed acoustic response", "Structural condition, setup history and permitted interventions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Agarwood, oud perfume and other non-instrument meanings of oud", "Maqam systems, compositions and performance traditions as independent concepts", "Musicians, makers and workshops beyond their relationships to this instrument", "Separate models of rishas, cases, microphones and amplifiers", "Ownership transactions, insurance and valuation processes" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Look for a short neck and pear-shaped body, distinguishing the conventional oud form from long-necked lutes; use the combination rather than silhouette alone. [British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_As1972-03-4)", "Inspect for a bowl-shaped back, wooden soundboard and backward-bending peghead; this combination helps distinguish conventional ouds from flat-backed guitars. [The Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://www.metmuseum.org/fr/essays/the-lute)", "Check for a fretless playing surface and evidence of plucking with a risha; these support identification against fretted or primarily bowed instruments but are not individually decisive. [British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/W_2017-6003-1)", "For ambiguous lutes or modified instruments, require maker documentation, provenance or specialist identification rather than treating fretlessness, string count or decoration as sufficient proof." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification confidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed oud | probable oud | unresolved lute | disputed attribution", "why_it_matters": "Prevents oud-specific setup assumptions from being applied to a misidentified instrument." }, { "name": "Attributed making tradition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "documented tradition or maker designation; mixed; unknown; with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for setup while avoiding tuning or dimensional rules inferred solely from a regional label." }, { "name": "Maker and modification attribution", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "instrument linked to maker, workshop, repairer and supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Separates original construction from later changes that may affect identity and permissible work." }, { "name": "Vibrating string length", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm, nut contact to bridge contact, recorded per differing string path", "why_it_matters": "Informs string compatibility, tuning feasibility and playing geometry." }, { "name": "Course configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "ordered courses with constituent strings, physical positions and occupied or vacant string paths", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes intentional single courses from missing partners and prevents ambiguous tuning instructions." }, { "name": "Installed string specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "material, winding, gauge in mm, product designation and intended course; unknown allowed", "why_it_matters": "Supports replacement decisions and assessment of a proposed tuning." }, { "name": "Measured and intended tuning", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hz and pitch with octave per string; reference pitch in Hz; deviation in cents", "why_it_matters": "Separates the current acoustic state from the player's target without assuming a universal oud tuning." }, { "name": "String action", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm clearance at explicitly named fingerboard positions under recorded tuning", "why_it_matters": "Connects playability complaints to repeatable measurements." }, { "name": "Bridge and neck attachment condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed stable | suspected movement | visible separation | unassessed; with dated evidence", "why_it_matters": "Helps determine whether tuning or playing should wait for specialist assessment." }, { "name": "Course response", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed clean response, buzz, rattle, weak output, uneven sustain or untested; with test conditions", "why_it_matters": "Localises performance problems without mistaking room or player effects for instrument defects." }, { "name": "Intervention permission", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "specific action linked to owner or custodian permission and maker or conservator advice", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes physically possible work from work authorised for this particular oud." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and document the oud, preserving uncertainty about its attribution or variant.", "Map installed strings to courses and evaluate a proposed replacement set or tuning.", "Perform authorised open-string and fingered response checks with a recorded risha and tuning.", "Adjust tuning or replace strings when compatibility, condition and permission support the action.", "Select handling and case support that protect the bowl, soundboard and pegbox.", "Refer bridge movement, neck instability or conservation-sensitive repairs to an appropriate specialist." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "Grove-Oud", "title": "Oud", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Organological definition, regional types, construction, and historical relationship to the European lute.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "Poché-Oud", "title": "The Oud", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Construction, stringing, tunings, and Arab performance practice as documented in a specialist organology monograph." }, { "id": "UNESCO-Iraqi-Maqam", "title": "Iraqi Maqam", "url": "https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/iraqi-maqam-00076", "what_it_supports": "The oud as a core instrument of Iraqi maqām performance practice.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "Wikidata-Q191478", "title": "oud (Q191478)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191478", "what_it_supports": "Stable identifier, Hornbostel-Sachs class, and aliases across languages.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "oud-identity-and-attribution", "name": "Oud identity and attribution", "description": "Establishes what instrument is present and how strongly its identity and attribution are supported.", "rationale": "The registry lacks a definition, and related lutes or modified instruments can share visible features.", "layers": [ { "id": "instrument-identification", "name": "Instrument identification", "description": "Tests the provisional musical-instrument interpretation against the actual object.", "findings": [ { "id": "identification-evidence", "name": "Identification evidence", "description": "Records observed morphology, playing interface and documentary evidence without making any single feature decisive.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes that this instance is the oud musical instrument intended by vr.tr.oud?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identification-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed features distinguish it from the closest alternative lute identification?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identification-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Who supplied the identification, and what object records or examination support it?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identification-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "making-and-alteration-history", "name": "Making and alteration history", "description": "Separates supported maker or tradition attribution from later reconstruction and modification.", "findings": [ { "id": "attribution-and-originality", "name": "Attribution and originality", "description": "Connects labels, maker records and repair evidence to the instrument's present configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which maker, workshop, date or making tradition is attributed, and what supports each claim?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-and-originality-q01" }, { "text": "Which neck, bridge, soundboard or pegbox features are documented as replacements or alterations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attribution-and-originality-q02" }, { "text": "Does an alteration leave the oud identification secure or require specialist review?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "attribution-and-originality-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "bowl-and-string-bearing-structure", "name": "Bowl and string-bearing structure", "description": "Records the resonating body and the components carrying string forces.", "rationale": "An oud's visible completeness does not establish that its soundboard, bridge or neck can support the intended setup.", "layers": [ { "id": "resonating-body", "name": "Resonating body", "description": "Describes the bowl, soundboard, openings and inspectable internal construction.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-construction-evidence", "name": "Body construction evidence", "description": "Distinguishes observed construction from material or bracing claims that have not been verified.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are the bowl, soundboard and sound openings constructed, and which features can actually be inspected?", "kind": "definition", "id": "body-construction-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What examination or maker record supports the stated woods, bracing and assembly methods?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "body-construction-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "What are the bowl depth and soundboard dimensions, using stated measurement points?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "body-construction-evidence-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "string-force-path", "name": "String force path", "description": "Follows the installed strings through their bearing points and attachments.", "findings": [ { "id": "bridge-neck-and-pegbox-integrity", "name": "Bridge, neck and pegbox integrity", "description": "Records attachment design, alignment and evidence of movement at string-bearing components.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do the strings terminate and bear, and how are the bridge and neck attached on this oud?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bridge-neck-and-pegbox-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "What separation, distortion or alignment change is visible, and under what tuning was it observed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bridge-neck-and-pegbox-integrity-q02" }, { "text": "What unresolved structural evidence requires review before increasing string tension?", "kind": "action", "id": "bridge-neck-and-pegbox-integrity-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "courses-strings-and-tuning", "name": "Courses, strings and tuning", "description": "Makes the actual string arrangement and intended tuning explicit.", "rationale": "Neither the name oud nor a regional attribution is enough to select strings, course order or pitch targets.", "layers": [ { "id": "course-and-string-map", "name": "Course and string map", "description": "Maps each physical string to its course, bearings and specification.", "findings": [ { "id": "installed-course-configuration", "name": "Installed course configuration", "description": "Records the instrument as found without interpreting empty positions as defects automatically.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many courses and strings are installed, and how is their order anchored to physical position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-course-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Which unoccupied positions are intentional, and which indicate missing strings?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "installed-course-configuration-q02" }, { "text": "What string specifications and vibrating lengths apply to each occupied position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installed-course-configuration-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tuning-compatibility", "name": "Tuning compatibility", "description": "Separates measured pitches, requested pitches and evidence that the requested setup is appropriate.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-tuning-target", "name": "Supported tuning target", "description": "Requires an explicit pitch map and compatibility evidence before tuning changes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the measured and target pitches of every string, including octave and reference frequency?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-tuning-target-q01" }, { "text": "What maker guidance, string specifications or assessed setup history supports this target at the measured vibrating length?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-tuning-target-q02" }, { "text": "Can the requested tuning proceed, or must string identification or structural assessment happen first?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-tuning-target-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fretless-playability-and-response", "name": "Fretless playability and response", "description": "Connects the playing surface, risha access and acoustic observations to intended use.", "rationale": "A tuned oud may still be difficult to stop cleanly, pluck comfortably or use consistently across its courses.", "layers": [ { "id": "stopping-and-plucking-interface", "name": "Stopping and plucking interface", "description": "Assesses fingerboard geometry and access to the installed courses.", "findings": [ { "id": "playing-geometry", "name": "Playing geometry", "description": "Records action, spacing and surface condition in relation to the intended player's use.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are string clearances and course spacings at specified nut, fingerboard and bridge positions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "playing-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "Where do fingerboard wear, string placement or body clearance interfere with stopping or risha strokes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "playing-geometry-q02" }, { "text": "Which setup changes are supported for the intended playing orientation and technique?", "kind": "action", "id": "playing-geometry-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "audible-response-and-stability", "name": "Audible response and stability", "description": "Documents repeatable response checks and their limitations.", "findings": [ { "id": "course-response-observations", "name": "Course response observations", "description": "Locates acoustic symptoms while retaining the tuning, player, risha and test conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which open or fingered positions produce buzzes, rattles, weak response or uneven decay during a documented test?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "course-response-observations-q01" }, { "text": "How much does each string's pitch drift over a stated interval under recorded conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "course-response-observations-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes an instrument or string problem from player, room, microphone or amplification effects?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "course-response-observations-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "oud-care-and-intervention", "name": "Oud care and intervention", "description": "Turns observed condition and custodial requirements into instrument-specific handling and maintenance decisions.", "rationale": "Playing, restringing, supporting the bowl and repairing the soundboard involve different evidence and permissions.", "layers": [ { "id": "condition-and-protective-support", "name": "Condition and protective support", "description": "Tracks vulnerable body features and the suitability of storage or transport support.", "findings": [ { "id": "body-condition-and-case-fit", "name": "Body condition and case fit", "description": "Records changes to the bowl, soundboard and fittings alongside contact points in the case or stand.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are cracks, open bowl seams, loose rosettes or soundboard deformation, and have they changed since the previous inspection?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "body-condition-and-case-fit-q01" }, { "text": "Does the case or stand support the oud without loading the bridge, soundboard, pegs or projecting pegbox?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "body-condition-and-case-fit-q02" }, { "text": "What handling or storage changes are supported by this instrument's observed condition and maker or conservator guidance?", "kind": "action", "id": "body-condition-and-case-fit-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-conservation-decisions", "name": "Maintenance and conservation decisions", "description": "Separates routine setup actions from repairs affecting original material or structural integrity.", "findings": [ { "id": "permitted-intervention", "name": "Permitted intervention", "description": "Links each proposed action to its purpose, evidence, permission and completion check.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this oud maintained for performance, conservation, display or a documented combination of uses?", "kind": "definition", "id": "permitted-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Who may authorise restringing, peg work, bridge work or soundboard repair, and what restrictions apply?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-intervention-q02" }, { "text": "What checks of attachment stability, action, tuning and audible response must follow the proposed intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "permitted-intervention-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Arab ʿūd ʿarabī (Egyptian, Levantine, Iraqi schools; typically 11 strings in 5 double courses plus a single bass)", "Turkish ud (shallower bowl, lighter construction, often 11 or 13 strings, brighter treble)", "Persian barbat / contemporary Iranian oud (often 10-11 strings, distinct tuning and playing posture)", "North African / Maghrebi ʿūd (ʿūd ʿarbī, ʿūd ramal, Moroccan and Algerian variants with regional tunings)", "Iraqi ʿūd (Munir Bashir school; floating bridge, longer sustain, microtonal maqām technique)", "Electric / electro-acoustic oud (piezo or magnetic pickup on a traditional or solid-body shell)", "Bass oud (lower-register instrument used in modern ensembles)", "Historical medieval ʿūd / European lute ancestor (pre-modern construction reconstructed from iconography and treatises)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q191478", "note": "item for the musical instrument ʿūd / oud / ud" }, { "scheme": "Hornbostel-Sachs", "value_or_pattern": "321.321-6", "note": "necked bowl lute sounded by a plectrum (composite chordophone)" }, { "scheme": "MIMO / MIMO-DB", "value_or_pattern": "oud; ʿūd; ud", "note": "museum instrument keyword used in the Musical Instrument Museums Online vocabulary" }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3 / language of associated repertoire (not the object)", "value_or_pattern": "n/a for the object itself", "note": "the instrument has no ISO language or taxonomic code; species codes apply only to agarwood 'oud', a different thing" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Hornbostel-Sachs classification (revision used by MIMO and ICOM CIMCIM) places the oud among necked bowl lutes 321.321", "CITES and national wildlife law do not govern the instrument as such, but do restrict some soundboard and inlay woods (Dalbergia spp., ivory, tortoiseshell) used in historic or luxury instruments", "UNESCO 2003 Convention listings that name the oud as a vehicle of living heritage include Iraqi Maqam (Representative List, 2008) rather than a standard for the object itself", "There is no ISO product standard or legal metrology code for ouds as manufactured goods" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Solo taqsīm and composed samāʿī / bashraf / longa repertoire in Arab art music", "Melodic nucleus of the takht / firqa and of Turkish fasıl and gazino ensembles", "Iraqi maqām suite accompaniment and solo school associated with Sharif Muhiddin Haydar, Munir Bashir, and Naseer Shamma", "Teaching instrument in conservatoires (Cairo, Damascus, Baghdad, Istanbul, Tunis) and in diaspora community schools", "Studio and film scoring, fusion, and amplified concert use via electro-acoustic models", "Luthiery trade centred on Istanbul, Cairo, Damascus (historically), and émigré workshops in Europe and North America" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "string courses / total strings", "typical_range": "5-7 courses; 10-13 strings (commonly 11: 5×2 + 1)", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "vibrating string length (mensur)", "typical_range": "about 585-620", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "bowl (body) length", "typical_range": "about 480-520", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "bowl depth", "typical_range": "about 180-210 (Turkish often shallower than Arab)", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "stave count of the bowl", "typical_range": "15-21 typical; 21-29 on some Turkish and luxury bowls", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "pitch of the treble course (common Arab tuning reference)", "typical_range": "c' or d' for the highest course, with regional scordatura", "unit": "nominal pitch" }, { "quantity": "mass of a concert instrument", "typical_range": "about 0.8-1.4", "unit": "kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Soundboard (face) cracking from humidity cycling, especially around the rose and bridge", "Bowl-stave glue-joint failure and collapsed ribs after impact or dry storage", "Neck (fingerboard) warp or action rise that makes a fretless instrument unplayable", "Bridge lift or belly distortion from string tension, worse on 13-string and high-tension nylon/PVF sets", "Plectrum (risha / mızrap) and right-hand nail injury; left-hand tendon strain from long taqsīm practice", "Allergenic dust and finish solvents in luthiery (rosewood, ebony, shellac, cyanoacrylate)", "Illegal-wood risk: Dalbergia and other CITES-listed species in older or luxury bowls and fingerboards", "Confusion-driven market hazard: 'oud' as a perfume oil (agarwood) is a different commodity with its own CITES controls" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Arabic ʿūd versus Turkish ud versus Persian barbat: bowl depth, string count, tuning, plectrum, and posture differ by school, not merely by name", "Egyptian/Levantine concert pitch and tuning (often C or D based) versus Turkish (often a whole tone higher relative to the same fingering)", "Iraqi floating-bridge and risha technique versus Egyptian risha-on-soundboard attack", "Maghreb ʿūd ʿarbī and related types retain older tunings and sometimes a different rose and pegbox", "European 'oud' in early-music and world-music shops may be a Turkish-pattern instrument sold under the Arab name", "In perfume and trade English, oud means agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) oleoresin, not the lute - a homonym, not a regional synonym of the instrument" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "European lute (Renaissance/Baroque lute)", "difference": "The lute is a historically derived, usually fretted descendant with a bent-back pegbox and different stringing; the oud is fretless, with a shorter neck and a sickle or open pegbox. Shared ancestor, not the same instrument." }, { "name": "Persian tar / setar", "difference": "Long-necked, typically fretted (tar has a double bowl and metal strings); the oud is a short-necked unfretted bowl lute." }, { "name": "Greek laouto / lavta", "difference": "Usually fretted and used in different repertoires; the lavta is closer to a small Turkish lute. Test: frets present, stringing, and repertoire." }, { "name": "Qanun (kanun)", "difference": "A plucked zither with a trapezoidal soundboard and levers, not a necked lute. Test: presence of a neck and bowl versus a flat zither body." }, { "name": "Agarwood / oud oil (Aquilaria oleoresin)", "difference": "A fragrant infected heartwood and its distillate, CITES-listed as flora; homonymous in English and some trade languages. Test: is the referent a chordophone or a botanical material?" }, { "name": "Barbat (historical)", "difference": "The early Persian short-necked lute ancestral to the ʿūd; modern 'barbat' may denote a Persian-style oud. Test: historical period and whether the instrument is the medieval form or a living Iranian oud." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of oud this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.oud mean the musical instrument, agarwood, a fragrance product or another registered concept?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this concept, requiring a link instead of a separate model?", "Which historical, electric, reduced-body or otherwise modified instruments belong within this entry, and what evidence resolves borderline identifications?", "Which maker-specific sources establish compatible string sets, pitch targets and acceptable playing geometry for the variants included?", "Which conservation sources establish instrument-specific environmental guidance and criteria for suspending playing or referring structural work?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 38 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a oud, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an oud musical instrument, assess its configuration and playability, and determine suitable tuning, playing, maintenance and conservation actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a oud, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 64 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one oud from another, and a oud from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a oud sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a oud from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a oud is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a oud is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a oud is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a oud is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a oud is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a oud is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a oud passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a oud between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a oud, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a oud is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What oud is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does oud perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise oud, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How oud is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does oud have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does oud need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about oud is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about oud hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern oud, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a oud came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a oud and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a oud is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a oud, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a oud, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a oud is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }