{ "model": { "rank": 2945, "code": "thing-q191118", "model_id": "vr.tr.tonne", "name": "tonne", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the tonne as a mass unit, interpret quantities expressed in it, and decide which conversions and comparisons are valid.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191118/", "tier": 2, "score": 94, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 94, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191118", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:49:00Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0285932, "turns": 2, "seconds": 61.4, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 65.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c20-2316-7162-b924-b2efd500d557\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: tonne\nRegistry id: vr.tr.tonne\nPlane / domain: XCT / XCT.QLT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191118", "registryId": "vr.tr.tonne", "name": "tonne", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191118/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.tonne", "name": "tonne", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the tonne as a mass unit, interpret quantities expressed in it, and decide which conversions and comparisons are valid.", "definition": "The tonne (symbol t) is a non-SI unit of mass accepted for use with the SI, defined as exactly 1 000 kilograms (1 megagram).", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, exact mass scale, notation, contextual interpretation and permitted use of the tonne; it distinguishes the unit from measured masses and from other units or reporting quantities called tons.", "in_scope": [ "The tonne as a non-SI unit of mass accepted for use with the SI", "Its exact relationship to the kilogram: 1 t = 1000 kg", "The symbol t, the name tonne and the equivalent name metric ton", "Disambiguation from short tons, long tons and quantities that use tonne terminology with additional meaning", "Conversion, comparison and precision handling for mass quantities expressed in tonnes" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The identity, composition and condition of the material being measured", "Weighing instruments, calibration procedures and measurement workflows", "Mass, force, density and volume as independently modelled quantities", "Emissions accounting methods and carbon-dioxide-equivalent calculations", "Freight activity, vessel tonnage and energy-equivalence accounting", "Jurisdiction-specific contractual and regulatory requirements" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A tonne represents mass and equals exactly 1000 kilograms; it does not represent a force.", "The unit symbol is lowercase t; uppercase T is not an interchangeable spelling of that symbol.", "Metric ton denotes the same unit, whereas short ton and long ton denote different mass units; an unqualified ton requires contextual resolution.", "A tonne cannot be converted directly to cubic metres without information such as density and relevant material conditions.", "Tonne-kilometre, tonne of oil equivalent and tonne of CO2 equivalent carry meanings beyond the bare mass unit and cannot be treated as interchangeable quantities." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Quantity kind", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Mass", "why_it_matters": "Determines which quantities may be compared and prevents confusion with force, volume or transport activity." }, { "name": "Exact kilogram scale", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "1 t = 1000 kg exactly", "why_it_matters": "Provides the conversion anchor without introducing conversion-factor uncertainty." }, { "name": "Unit-system standing", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes acceptance for SI use from being an SI base or derived unit." }, { "name": "Recognised designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "tonne; metric ton; symbol t", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition while preserving the difference between explicit metric terminology and ambiguous ton terminology." }, { "name": "Designation resolution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Explicit tonne; contextually resolved tonne; unresolved ton designation", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether an agent may normalise or convert a supplied quantity." }, { "name": "Reported mass magnitude", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Numerical value in t, attached to a quantity using this unit", "why_it_matters": "Enables calculations while keeping the reported value separate from the unit's exact definition." }, { "name": "Mass-basis qualifier", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "For example: gross, net, wet, dry, unspecified", "why_it_matters": "Identifies contextual differences that unit conversion alone cannot resolve." }, { "name": "Reporting precision", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Reported increment or uncertainty in t, when supplied", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an exact unit conversion from being mistaken for an improvement in measurement accuracy." } ], "affordances": [ "Recognise explicit tonne and metric-ton designations and normalise their unit identity.", "Convert tonne quantities to kilograms using the exact scale relationship.", "Resolve or flag ambiguous ton designations before calculation.", "Compare and aggregate tonne quantities after checking their referents and reporting bases.", "Preserve supplied uncertainty and precision through conversion and presentation.", "Route compound, equivalent, force or volume quantities to the appropriate neighbouring model." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-wikipedia-tonne", "title": "Tonne", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne", "what_it_supports": "Definition as 1000 kg, BIPM symbol t, conversions to short and long tons, SI-accepted status, and derived multiples (kt, Mt, Gt).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-wikidata-q191118", "title": "tonne (Q191118)", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191118", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifiers: Wikidata Q191118, UCUM t, UN/CEFACT TNE, and exact conversion 1 t = 1000 kg.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-nist-si-mass", "title": "SI Units - Mass", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/pml/weights-and-measures/si-units-mass", "what_it_supports": "US NIST treatment of the metric ton as 1000 kg / 1 megagram, and kilogram as the SI mass base unit.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-wikipedia-ton", "title": "Ton", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ton", "what_it_supports": "Distinction of tonne from short ton, long ton, deadweight ton, assay ton, and regional naming of unqualified 'ton'.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-wikipedia-toe", "title": "Tonne of oil equivalent", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonne_of_oil_equivalent", "what_it_supports": "toe as an energy unit (IEA: 41.868 GJ), not a mass unit, despite being named from a tonne of crude.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-optimade-tonne", "title": "tonne (SI general unit definition)", "url": "https://schemas.optimade.org/defs/v1.2/units/si/general/tonne.md", "what_it_supports": "CGPM 1948 / CIPM 1879 origin of the unit and SI Brochure classification as a unit used with the SI.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "tonne-identity-and-scale", "name": "Tonne identity and scale", "description": "Establishes what the unit denotes and its exact relationship to the kilogram.", "rationale": "An agent needs a stable unit identity before interpreting a tonne-labelled value.", "layers": [ { "id": "mass-unit-identity", "name": "Mass unit identity", "description": "Separates the mass unit from objects, measurements and other quantity kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "tonne-denotes-mass", "name": "Tonne denotes mass", "description": "The tonne is a mass unit; it does not itself identify a material, load or weighing event.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this occurrence denote the mass unit or a particular quantity expressed in that unit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "tonne-denotes-mass-q01" }, { "text": "Is the stated quantity mass, or does surrounding language indicate force, volume or another quantity kind?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "tonne-denotes-mass-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "kilogram-anchor", "name": "Kilogram anchor", "description": "Records the exact scale and the tonne's relationship to the SI.", "findings": [ { "id": "exact-thousand-kilograms", "name": "Exact thousand kilograms", "description": "One tonne equals exactly 1000 kg, and the tonne is a non-SI unit accepted for use with the SI.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the proposed interpretation preserve the exact relationship 1 t = 1000 kg?", "kind": "definition", "id": "exact-thousand-kilograms-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative metrology reference will support the unit definition and SI-use status in the researched publication?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "exact-thousand-kilograms-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "names-symbols-and-ton-ambiguity", "name": "Names, symbols and ton ambiguity", "description": "Recognises tonne terminology and handles competing meanings of ton.", "rationale": "Confusing tonne with another ton unit changes the interpreted mass even when the numerical value is unchanged.", "layers": [ { "id": "explicit-tonne-designations", "name": "Explicit tonne designations", "description": "Handles the unit name, equivalent English terminology and case-sensitive symbol.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-symbol-recognition", "name": "Name and symbol recognition", "description": "Tonne and metric ton identify this unit; its symbol is lowercase t and must be interpreted in context.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the supplied designation tonne, metric ton or t used explicitly as a mass unit?", "kind": "definition", "id": "name-and-symbol-recognition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the surrounding notation establish that t is a unit symbol rather than a variable or another local abbreviation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-and-symbol-recognition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "competing-ton-designations", "name": "Competing ton designations", "description": "Keeps ambiguous and explicitly non-metric ton usages distinct from the tonne.", "findings": [ { "id": "unqualified-ton-needs-evidence", "name": "Unqualified ton needs evidence", "description": "An unqualified ton does not establish tonne identity; short tons and long tons are distinct units.", "questions": [ { "text": "What document definition, source metadata or explicit convention establishes which ton is intended?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "unqualified-ton-needs-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Should conversion remain unresolved until the source confirms whether the quantity uses tonnes, short tons or long tons?", "kind": "action", "id": "unqualified-ton-needs-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tonne-quantities-and-calculation", "name": "Tonne quantities and calculation", "description": "Determines when quantities expressed in tonnes can be converted, compared or combined.", "rationale": "A shared mass unit supports arithmetic but does not establish compatible reporting bases or measurement quality.", "layers": [ { "id": "conversion-and-precision", "name": "Conversion and precision", "description": "Applies the exact unit factor while retaining the limitations of the supplied value.", "findings": [ { "id": "exact-scale-limited-measurement", "name": "Exact scale, limited measurement", "description": "Conversion to kilograms multiplies the numerical value by 1000; supplied absolute uncertainty scales by the same factor without improving measurement accuracy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What magnitude, reported precision and uncertainty are supplied for the quantity in tonnes?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exact-scale-limited-measurement-q01" }, { "text": "How should the converted value be rounded and displayed to preserve the source's stated precision?", "kind": "action", "id": "exact-scale-limited-measurement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "comparison-and-aggregation-basis", "name": "Comparison and aggregation basis", "description": "Checks whether tonne quantities describe compatible masses before arithmetic.", "findings": [ { "id": "same-unit-does-not-establish-same-basis", "name": "Same unit does not establish same basis", "description": "Gross, net, wet and dry mass qualifiers affect what is counted; tonne identity alone cannot reconcile these differences or prevent duplicate counting.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the quantities use compatible mass bases and identifiable material or load boundaries?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "same-unit-does-not-establish-same-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What reconciliation or overlap check is required before these tonne quantities may be compared or added?", "kind": "action", "id": "same-unit-does-not-establish-same-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "qualified-and-neighbouring-quantities", "name": "Qualified and neighbouring quantities", "description": "Identifies where tonne terminology requires additional quantity models or contextual relationships.", "rationale": "Tonne-like labels occur in volume, force, freight and equivalence contexts where bare mass conversion is insufficient.", "layers": [ { "id": "mass-force-and-volume-boundaries", "name": "Mass, force and volume boundaries", "description": "Separates the tonne from force units and volume-based quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "cross-quantity-conversion-needs-a-relation", "name": "Cross-quantity conversion needs a relation", "description": "Deriving volume from mass requires density and relevant conditions; deriving gravitational force requires an applicable acceleration. Vessel tonnage must be interpreted under its own definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does a requested conversion cross from mass into volume, force or a vessel-tonnage measure?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "cross-quantity-conversion-needs-a-relation-q01" }, { "text": "Which density, acceleration or independently defined tonnage relationship would justify the requested calculation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "cross-quantity-conversion-needs-a-relation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compound-and-equivalent-reporting", "name": "Compound and equivalent reporting", "description": "Preserves additional meaning in transport and equivalence-based quantities.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualifiers-change-calculation-rules", "name": "Qualifiers change calculation rules", "description": "Tonne-kilometres express transport activity, tonnes of oil equivalent express energy, and tonnes of CO2 equivalent require an emissions-equivalence basis.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is tonne used as a bare mass unit, as part of a compound unit or within an equivalence-based reporting quantity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "qualifiers-change-calculation-rules-q01" }, { "text": "Which transport, energy or emissions model must supply the additional meaning before comparison or conversion is permitted?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualifiers-change-calculation-rules-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "metric tonne (t)", "tonne of oil equivalent (toe)", "tonne of coal equivalent (tce)", "deadweight tonne (DWT)", "freight tonne / revenue tonne", "carbon dioxide equivalent tonne (tCO2e)", "assay tonne (AT)", "displacement tonne (naval architecture)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q191118", "note": "item for tonne / metric ton as a unit of mass" }, { "scheme": "UCUM", "value_or_pattern": "t", "note": "Unified Code for Units of Measure" }, { "scheme": "UNECE Rec. 20 / UN/CEFACT Common Code", "value_or_pattern": "TNE", "note": "international trade unit code for metric ton" }, { "scheme": "SI Brochure symbol", "value_or_pattern": "t", "note": "BIPM recommended symbol; not an abbreviation and not T" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "BIPM SI Brochure (CGPM/CIPM): tonne accepted for use with the SI; 1 t = 10^3 kg exactly; symbol t", "9th CGPM (1948) Resolution 7: unit and symbol defined for the tonne", "ISO 80000-4 Quantities and units - Mechanics: mass units and symbols", "UNECE Recommendation 20: Codes for Units of Measure Used in International Trade (TNE)", "NIST SP 811 / NIST Handbook 44 practice: US name 'metric ton' for the same unit" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Bulk commodity contracts, bills of lading and customs declarations for grain, ore, coal, cement and similar cargoes priced and shipped per tonne", "Vehicle, axle and crane safe-working-load limits stated in tonnes", "Greenhouse-gas inventories and carbon markets reporting emissions in tCO2e", "Ship deadweight, displacement and cargo capacity in maritime operations", "National energy balances converting fuels to tonnes of oil equivalent (toe)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "mass", "typical_range": "exactly 1000", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "mass", "typical_range": "exactly 1", "unit": "Mg" }, { "quantity": "mass relative to short ton", "typical_range": "approximately 1.10231", "unit": "short ton" }, { "quantity": "mass relative to long ton", "typical_range": "approximately 0.984207", "unit": "long ton" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Unqualified 'ton' mixed with short ton (2000 lb) or long ton (2240 lb) produces ~10% or ~1.6% mass error in trade, lift plans and emissions", "Symbol collisions: T is tesla; MT can be read as megatesla or metric ton", "Using tonne as a force unit (confusing mass with weight / kilonewton) in structural and lifting calculations", "Assay tonne (about 29-33 g) mistaken for a metric tonne in mining samples" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "SI jurisdictions spell the unit tonne and use symbol t; US customary practice usually says metric ton and reserves unqualified ton for the short ton", "UK and much of the Commonwealth now use tonne in law and trade, while older shipping and naval records still use the long ton of 2240 lb", "Australia typically pronounces tonne as /tɒn/; some UK speakers distinguish the final e", "International oil, grain and carbon statistics standardise on metric tonnes even where domestic industry still quotes short tons" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "short ton (US ton)", "difference": "short ton is 2000 lb = 907.18474 kg; 1 t ≈ 1.10231 short tons" }, { "name": "long ton (UK / imperial ton)", "difference": "long ton is 2240 lb = 1016.0469088 kg; 1 t ≈ 0.984207 long tons" }, { "name": "megagram (Mg)", "difference": "identical mass (1 t = 1 Mg exactly); Mg is the coherent SI multiple, t is the accepted non-SI name" }, { "name": "tonne of oil equivalent (toe)", "difference": "toe is an energy unit (IEA 41.868 GJ), not a mass unit, even though named from a tonne of crude" }, { "name": "assay tonne (AT)", "difference": "a laboratory sample mass (~29.17 g short AT, ~32.67 g long AT) scaled so milligrams of metal map to troy ounces per ton of ore, not 1000 kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of tonne this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own tonne or mass-unit identity, requiring this registry entry to link to it?", "Which authoritative metrology sources and editions should substantiate the exact definition, accepted notation and SI-use status?", "Which abbreviations, prefixed forms and language variants actually occur in the target data, and which can be resolved reliably?", "What evidence threshold should permit contextual resolution of an unqualified ton in the intended workflows?", "Which neighbouring Vercy models own mass-basis reconciliation, vessel tonnage, transport activity and emissions or energy equivalence?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a tonne, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise the tonne as a mass unit, interpret quantities expressed in it, and decide which conversions and comparisons are valid.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a tonne, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 94 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one tonne from another, and a tonne from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a tonne sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a tonne from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a tonne passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a tonne between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a tonne, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a tonne is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What tonne is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of tonne are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is tonne operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of tonne and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of tonne?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as tonne?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a tonne came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a tonne and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a tonne is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a tonne, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a tonne, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a tonne is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }