{ "model": { "rank": 6350, "code": "thing-q191310", "model_id": "vr.tr.spinel", "name": "spinel", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify spinel, assess its material condition and evidential certainty, and select justified examination, handling or processing actions.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191310/", "tier": 2, "score": 61, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "pleonaste", "balas ruby", "ceylonite" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 61, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.spinel", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191310", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191310", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T13:59:34Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01415046, "turns": 1, "seconds": 164.6, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 98.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c26-2d12-78d3-b2f4-035caa53d381\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: spinel\nRegistry id: vr.tr.spinel\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy mod" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191310", "registryId": "vr.tr.spinel", "name": "spinel", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191310/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.spinel", "name": "spinel", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify spinel, assess its material condition and evidential certainty, and select justified examination, handling or processing actions.", "definition": "Spinel is the cubic oxide of end-member composition MgAl₂O₄ (space group Fd3m), type species of the AB₂O₄ spinel group, with Mg on tetrahedral sites and Al on octahedral sites in a cubic close-packed oxygen array; it is a high-temperature metamorphic and magmatic accessory, a historic gem species, and an industrial refractory and transparent ceramic.", "scope_statement": "Provisionally interpret vr.tr.spinel as the magnesium-aluminium oxide mineral species and its manufactured material counterparts, owning their identity, composition, physical form, origin evidence, condition and material-specific action constraints; the registry must still confirm this species-level interpretation.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of spinel against visually similar minerals, glass and other spinel-structure phases", "Composition, substitutions and evidence supporting species assignment", "Natural, synthetic or unresolved origin and treatment evidence", "Individual crystals, rough and cut stones, grains, powders and consolidated magnesium aluminate material", "Optical behaviour, internal defects and surface condition relevant to examination or use", "Material-specific constraints on sampling, cleaning, cutting and processing" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The entire spinel supergroup or every compound with a spinel crystal structure", "Independent models of ruby, sapphire, garnet, glass and neighbouring mineral species", "Host-rock classification, deposit geology and mining operations", "Jewellery design, settings, ownership, pricing and transactions", "Complete ceramic manufacturing processes or finished optical and structural devices" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Combine composition with phase identification: the MgAl2O4 reference composition and cubic structure support spinel identification; a spinel-type diffraction pattern alone cannot establish the species. Reference: [Handbook of Mineralogy](https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/pdfs/Spinel.pdf).", "For transparent stones, test refractive behaviour rather than red colour: spinel is singly refractive, with a typical gem refractive index around 1.718; use corroborating evidence and record anomalous responses. Reference: [GIA Spinel](https://www.gia.edu/spinel?lang=en).", "When refractive index or specific gravity differs from a typical spinel reference, investigate composition before rejecting identification: zinc substitution can shift both properties and cause confusion. Reference: [GIA Large Faceted Gahnospinel](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2019-labnotes-large-faceted-gahnospinel).", "Distinguish spinel material identity from natural origin: synthetic counterparts can share essentially the same chemical, physical and optical properties, so a basic identification result does not establish geological formation. Reference: [GIA Spinel](https://www.gia.edu/spinel?lang=en).", "Examine different regions of a suspected assembled stone independently: identifying spinel in one component does not identify the whole object. Reference: [GIA Synthetic Sapphire and Synthetic Spinel Doublets](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/winter-2016-labnotes-synthetic-sapphire-synthetic-spinel-doublets)." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Material identity conclusion", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "confirmed spinel | probable spinel | unresolved | excluded; evidence and confidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a colour, trade name or single measurement from becoming an unsupported identification." }, { "name": "Major and minor element composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "elemental atomic fractions or oxide mass %, with analytical method, location and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Tests magnesium-aluminium dominance and reveals substitutions or mixtures requiring a different assignment." }, { "name": "Crystalline phase evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "linked diffraction or spectroscopic record, reference material and interpretation", "why_it_matters": "Connects an identity decision to evidence rather than treating the word spinel as proof." }, { "name": "Physical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "crystal | rough fragment | cut stone | grain | powder | consolidated body | component of assembly", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations represent the material and which examination methods are feasible." }, { "name": "Formation origin assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "natural | synthetic | unresolved; method or locality only when supported", "why_it_matters": "Separates mineral identification from claims about how or where the material formed." }, { "name": "Treatment assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "detected | suspected | not detected by stated examination | untested; treatment type", "why_it_matters": "Avoids equating absence of detected evidence with proof that material is untreated." }, { "name": "Refractive behaviour", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dimensionless refractive index, wavelength, temperature and observed polarisation response", "why_it_matters": "Supports discrimination from lookalikes while preserving measurement conditions and access limitations." }, { "name": "Density or specific gravity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m³ for density or dimensionless specific gravity; method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Provides corroborating identity evidence, with inclusions, porosity and mounting recorded as possible influences." }, { "name": "Colour and spectral response", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "colour under named illumination; absorption, transmission or emission versus wavelength in nm", "why_it_matters": "Records appearance and optical performance without inferring origin or colour-causing elements from hue alone." }, { "name": "Internal and surface discontinuities", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "mapped inclusions, fractures, chips, cavities, pores and suspected filled regions; dimensions in µm or mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports examination planning and assessment of whether proposed handling or processing could damage the material." }, { "name": "Material extent and representativeness", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "examined region or sample linked to parent stone, grain population or batch", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a result from one facet, grain or specimen being applied automatically to a composite or heterogeneous batch." } ], "affordances": [ "Select complementary optical, compositional and phase-identification examinations to resolve a spinel claim", "Separate material identification from natural-origin, geographic-origin and treatment conclusions", "Map fractures, inclusions and heterogeneous regions before selecting a sampling or cutting location", "Assess whether cleaning, mounting or polishing is compatible with the observed condition and treatment evidence", "Compare a spinel sample or batch with the optical, composition and defect requirements of a stated use", "Refer ambiguous species boundaries, origin claims or treatment indications for specialist examination" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "gia-spinel", "title": "Spinel (Gem Encyclopedia)", "url": "https://www.gia.edu/spinel", "what_it_supports": "Gem species identity, typical RI/SG/hardness, colour causes (Cr, Co, Fe), localities, and the historic confusion with ruby.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "handbook-mineralogy-spinel", "title": "Handbook of Mineralogy: Spinel", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Ideal formula MgAl₂O₄, cubic Fd3m cell, hardness, density, occurrence, and distinction from other spinel-group species.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "dhz-oxides", "title": "An Introduction to the Rock-Forming Minerals (spinel-group oxides)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Crystal chemistry of normal versus inverse spinels, solid solution toward hercynite, gahnite and chromite, and petrologic occurrence." }, { "id": "warr-2021-ima-symbols", "title": "IMA-CNMNC approved mineral symbols", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Official IMA species name spinel and the symbol Spl." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "spinel-identity-boundary", "name": "Spinel identity and naming boundary", "description": "Establish what the spinel label denotes and whether the examined material supports that assignment.", "rationale": "Spinel can denote a particular material or a broader structural family; confusing these meanings creates incorrect catalogue identities.", "layers": [ { "id": "species-and-structure", "name": "Species and structure", "description": "Separate magnesium aluminate identity from membership in a structural family.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-phase-agreement", "name": "Composition and phase agreement", "description": "Record whether chemical and structural observations support the same identity, including unresolved disagreement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does spinel here mean the MgAl2O4 species or only a spinel-structure phase?", "kind": "definition", "id": "composition-phase-agreement-q01" }, { "text": "Which measured composition and phase-identification results support or contradict the assignment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-phase-agreement-q02" }, { "text": "Could substitutions or additional phases require a neighbouring mineral or mixture model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "composition-phase-agreement-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "lookalike-exclusion", "name": "Lookalike exclusion", "description": "Evaluate plausible alternatives for the observed stone or material.", "findings": [ { "id": "differential-identification", "name": "Differential identification", "description": "Keep the competing identities and the observations that discriminate between them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which alternatives remain plausible, such as corundum, garnet, glass or another spinel-group mineral?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "differential-identification-q01" }, { "text": "What combination of refractive behaviour, density, spectra or composition separates those alternatives in this specimen?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "differential-identification-q02" }, { "text": "Which next examination would resolve the remaining ambiguity with the least alteration?", "kind": "action", "id": "differential-identification-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-optical-response", "name": "Composition and optical response", "description": "Connect measured chemistry and optical behaviour without assuming that appearance uniquely determines composition.", "rationale": "Substitution and spatial variation affect identification and intended optical use.", "layers": [ { "id": "substitution-and-heterogeneity", "name": "Substitution and heterogeneity", "description": "Describe departures from the reference composition and variation within the examined material.", "findings": [ { "id": "chemical-variation", "name": "Chemical variation", "description": "Record measured Mg, Al and substituting elements with sampling locations and analytical limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "What major and minor elements were measured, and with what detection limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "chemical-variation-q01" }, { "text": "Do different zones or grains have compositions that undermine a single material assignment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "chemical-variation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "colour-and-transmission", "name": "Colour and transmission", "description": "Describe optical response under stated conditions and distinguish observations from causal interpretations.", "findings": [ { "id": "optical-response-evidence", "name": "Optical response evidence", "description": "Retain spectra and viewing conditions behind colour, transparency and fluorescence descriptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What colour, transmission and fluorescence are observed under specified illumination and specimen thickness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "optical-response-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports a proposed colour-causing element rather than a hue-based guess?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "optical-response-evidence-q02" }, { "text": "Does zoning or scattering prevent the examined region from representing the whole stone or body?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "optical-response-evidence-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "formation-and-treatment-evidence", "name": "Formation and treatment evidence", "description": "Evaluate natural or manufactured formation separately from subsequent modification.", "rationale": "A valid spinel identification does not itself settle natural origin, geographic attribution or treatment history.", "layers": [ { "id": "natural-or-manufactured", "name": "Natural or manufactured formation", "description": "Connect origin conclusions to diagnostic observations and traceable records.", "findings": [ { "id": "formation-origin-assessment", "name": "Formation origin assessment", "description": "Record the basis and limits of natural or synthetic attribution, keeping geographic claims separate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which inclusions, growth features, analytical results or production records support natural or synthetic formation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formation-origin-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Is a claimed locality supported independently of the conclusion that the material is natural?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "formation-origin-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "What evidence is missing before origin can be assigned?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "formation-origin-assessment-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "post-formation-modification", "name": "Post-formation modification", "description": "Distinguish documented treatments from indications and untested possibilities.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-detection-limits", "name": "Treatment evidence and detection limits", "description": "Record examination for heating or fracture filling without interpreting a negative examination as universal proof. Reference: [GIA Micro-Features of Spinel](https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/spring-2021-visual-guide-to-micro-features-of-spinel).", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence indicates heating, fracture filling or another modification, and where is it located?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "treatment-detection-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which treatments could the examination detect, and which remain unresolved?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "treatment-detection-limits-q02" }, { "text": "What proposed cleaning or processing action requires treatment uncertainty to be resolved first?", "kind": "action", "id": "treatment-detection-limits-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-form-and-integrity", "name": "Material form and integrity", "description": "Describe how spinel occurs in the examined object and which discontinuities affect its condition.", "rationale": "A faceted crystal, a powder batch and a consolidated body require different interpretations of sampling, defects and bulk measurements.", "layers": [ { "id": "crystals-grains-and-assemblies", "name": "Crystals, grains and assemblies", "description": "Establish whether observations concern one crystal, many grains or one part of a composite.", "findings": [ { "id": "spinel-material-extent", "name": "Extent of spinel material", "description": "Locate the identified spinel relative to host material, binders, other phases or joined components.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the examined material a single crystal, grain population, consolidated body or component of an assembly?", "kind": "definition", "id": "spinel-material-extent-q01" }, { "text": "Which regions were actually identified as spinel, and which remain unexamined?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "spinel-material-extent-q02" }, { "text": "Does the whole object require a rock, composite or device model linked to this material?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "spinel-material-extent-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fractures-inclusions-and-pores", "name": "Fractures, inclusions and pores", "description": "Map internal features and damage relevant to stability and interpretation.", "findings": [ { "id": "integrity-assessment", "name": "Integrity assessment", "description": "Distinguish observed inclusions, open fractures, chips and porosity from inferred consequences.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where are fractures, inclusions, chips or pores, and do they intersect exposed or proposed worked surfaces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "integrity-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which features are documented as pre-existing, newly formed or of unknown history?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "integrity-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "Which features require changing a proposed sampling, cutting or mounting operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "integrity-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "examination-and-use-decisions", "name": "Examination and use decisions", "description": "Translate the spinel assessment into proportionate examinations and use-specific decisions.", "rationale": "Recognising spinel is insufficient to decide whether a particular specimen can be sampled, worked or accepted for an intended application.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-access-and-sampling", "name": "Diagnostic access and sampling", "description": "Choose examinations that account for polish, mounting, opacity, grain size and acceptable alteration.", "findings": [ { "id": "next-examination-selection", "name": "Next examination selection", "description": "Select a test for a stated unresolved claim and record its limitations for this physical form.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do mounting, surface finish, opacity or grain size restrict the proposed optical or analytical test?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "next-examination-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Can a nondestructive examination resolve the claim, or is an explicitly authorised sample needed?", "kind": "action", "id": "next-examination-selection-q02" }, { "text": "How will the tested facet, grain or subsample represent the material being assessed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "next-examination-selection-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-application-fit", "name": "Handling and application fit", "description": "Evaluate proposed actions against observed condition and explicit application requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-dependent-action", "name": "Condition-dependent action", "description": "Record an action decision with the material evidence and application limits that justify it.", "questions": [ { "text": "What optical, compositional or defect requirements must this spinel meet for its stated use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "condition-dependent-action-q01" }, { "text": "Do measured properties and examination coverage establish those requirements for this specimen or batch?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-dependent-action-q02" }, { "text": "Given fractures, possible filling and physical form, may the proposed cleaning, polishing, cutting or thermal operation proceed?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-dependent-action-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Gem-quality magnesium spinel (transparent MgAl₂O₄)", "Rock-forming accessory spinel in metamorphic and magmatic rocks", "Ferroan spinel (pleonaste / ceylonite)", "Chromian red-to-pink gem spinel", "Cobalt-blue gem spinel", "Synthetic Verneuil (flame-fusion) and flux- or Czochralski-grown spinel", "Transparent polycrystalline MgAl₂O₄ ceramic", "Sintered or fused magnesia-spinel refractory grain and brick" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q186890", "note": "Item for the mineral species spinel (MgAl₂O₄), not the whole AB₂O₄ group." }, { "scheme": "IMA-CNMNC", "value_or_pattern": "spinel (symbol Spl)", "note": "Grandfathered approved mineral name; Spl is the 2021 IMA symbol." }, { "scheme": "Nickel-Strunz", "value_or_pattern": "4.BB.05", "note": "Oxide class; spinel group." }, { "scheme": "Dana 8th", "value_or_pattern": "7.2.1.1", "note": "Multiple oxide, spinel subgroup, type species." }, { "scheme": "CAS", "value_or_pattern": "12068-51-8", "note": "Magnesium aluminium oxide / magnesium aluminate, the chemical substance corresponding to MgAl₂O₄." }, { "scheme": "EC (EINECS)", "value_or_pattern": "235-098-1", "note": "Same substance as CAS 12068-51-8." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC): approved mineral species name spinel and symbol Spl; Mg-dominant Al end-member only - chromite, magnetite, hercynite and gahnite are separate species.", "CIBJO Coloured Stone Commission, Coloured Stones Book: spinel is a gem species distinct from corundum; historic trade names such as balas ruby are not permitted as species names.", "ISO 10081-2 (ISO/TC 33, Refractories): classification of dense shaped basic refractory products, the class that includes magnesia-spinel bricks.", "ECHA / EU REACH: magnesium aluminium oxide (CAS 12068-51-8) is a registered chemical substance for manufacture and import." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Faceted gemstones, including historic Crown Jewel stones long called rubies (e.g. the Black Prince's Ruby) that are red spinel from Badakhshan.", "Current gem production from Mogok (Myanmar), Mahenge (Tanzania), Lục Yên (Vietnam) and Sri Lanka, traded as red, pink, violet, blue and black spinel.", "Accessory mineral in marble, skarn, aluminous xenoliths, and as the aluminous phase in spinel-facies mantle peridotite (spinel lherzolite).", "Magnesia-spinel refractory brick and castable in steel-ladle linings and cement-kiln burning zones, chosen for thermal-shock resistance versus chrome-bearing magnesia brick.", "Hot-pressed or sintered polycrystalline MgAl₂O₄ as a transparent ceramic for armour windows and mid-IR optics.", "Flame-fusion synthetic spinel used as a cheap colourless or coloured gem simulant and as a technical single crystal." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Mohs hardness", "typical_range": "8", "unit": "Mohs" }, { "quantity": "Specific gravity (end-member MgAl₂O₄)", "typical_range": "3.58-3.61", "unit": "g·cm⁻³" }, { "quantity": "Specific gravity (natural Fe- or Zn-bearing crystals)", "typical_range": "3.5-4.1", "unit": "g·cm⁻³" }, { "quantity": "Refractive index (isotropic n)", "typical_range": "1.712-1.736", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Cubic cell edge a", "typical_range": "8.08-8.09", "unit": "Å" }, { "quantity": "Melting point (stoichiometric MgAl₂O₄)", "typical_range": "2105-2135", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Al₂O₃ in stoichiometric spinel", "typical_range": "71.7", "unit": "wt%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Trade and historic misidentification as ruby: red Cr-bearing spinel lacks dichroism and has lower RI and hardness than corundum, but can still be sold or catalogued as ruby.", "Synthetic Verneuil spinel (often non-stoichiometric, sometimes Co-doped) passed as natural spinel or as other gems; curved growth striae and gas bubbles are the usual giveaways.", "Octahedral parting and conchoidal fracture: hardness 8 does not prevent brittle chipping in jewellery or ballistic ceramics.", "In transparent spinel ceramic, residual porosity and grain-boundary scatter collapse visible/IR transmission and ballistic performance.", "In magnesia-spinel refractories, thermal-shock spalling and slag or clinker infiltration, plus hydration and crumbling of coexisting free MgO, are the usual lining failures.", "In-situ spinel formation in alumina-magnesia castables produces a volume expansion that can crack a lining if the recipe and firing schedule are wrong." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mineralogy restricts spinel to the Mg-dominant Al end-member; igneous and mantle petrology still say spinel for the whole group (as in spinel lherzolite, which is usually chromian spinel / chromite).", "European and Persian historic trade used balas ruby (from Balascia / Badakhshan, now Kuh-i-Lal, Tajikistan) for red spinel; that name is obsolete in modern gem nomenclature.", "Gem-origin labels (Burmese/Mogok, Mahenge, Vietnamese cobalt-blue, Ceylon) carry large price effects that chemical species does not.", "Ceylonite and pleonaste survive as locality or ferroan-variety names in older literature and in some European collections; they are not IMA species.", "In Japanese and European ceramics, spinel usually means manufactured MgAl₂O₄ refractory or transparent ceramic, not a gem crystal." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Ruby / sapphire (corundum, Al₂O₃)", "difference": "Corundum is uniaxial (anisotropic, dichroic), Mohs 9, RI about 1.76-1.77; spinel is isotropic (extinct in all positions in crossed polars), Mohs 8, RI about 1.72." }, { "name": "Pyrope (and other red garnet)", "difference": "Both are isotropic; pyrope typically has higher RI (near 1.74) and different absorption (iron-dominated) and inclusion suites; chemistry (Mg-Al oxide vs silicate) is decisive." }, { "name": "Taaffeite / magnesiotaaffeite", "difference": "Doubly refractive (uniaxial or biaxial) versus isotropic spinel; the usual bench test when a 'spinel' shows birefringence." }, { "name": "Gahnite (ZnAl₂O₄)", "difference": "Zn-dominant spinel-group species: distinctly higher SG (about 4.0-4.6) and typically green to blue-green; Zn versus Mg end-member by analysis." }, { "name": "Hercynite (FeAl₂O₄) and chromite (FeCr₂O₄)", "difference": "Separate IMA species on the spinel join; distinguished by Fe²⁺- or Cr-dominant chemistry, usually opaque, and (for chromite) ore-grade Cr content - not by crystal class." }, { "name": "Magnetite (Fe₃O₄)", "difference": "Inverse spinel, opaque and strongly ferrimagnetic; MgAl₂O₄ spinel is non-magnetic and typically transparent to translucent." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of spinel this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.spinel denote the mineral species, magnesium aluminate material including manufactured forms, or the broader structural family, and does an existing Vercy world model already own that concept?", "Which authoritative nomenclature criteria should govern substituted or nonstoichiometric material near the boundaries with neighbouring spinel-group species?", "Which validated combinations of observations distinguish natural, synthetic and heat-treated spinel across colours and manufacturing routes, and what are their detection limits?", "Should powders and consolidated magnesium aluminate ceramics remain material forms within this model or link to a separate registered ceramic model?", "Which application-specific acceptance criteria and handling limits can be supported for fractured, filled, porous or thermally processed spinel?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 37 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a spinel, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify spinel, assess its material condition and evidential certainty, and select justified examination, handling or processing actions.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: pleonaste, balas ruby, ceylonite.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a spinel, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "pleonaste", "balas ruby", "ceylonite" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 61 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one spinel from another, and a spinel from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a spinel sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a spinel from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a spinel is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a spinel is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a spinel is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a spinel is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a spinel is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a spinel is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a spinel passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a spinel between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a spinel, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a spinel is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a spinel and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a spinel is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a spinel performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a spinel.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a spinel at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a spinel there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What spinel is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name spinel unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of spinel exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How spinel behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of spinel, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is spinel incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How spinel can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is spinel classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover spinel, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a spinel came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a spinel and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a spinel is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a spinel, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a spinel, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a spinel is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }