{ "model": { "rank": 6029, "code": "thing-q191341", "model_id": "vr.tr.pulmonary-alveolus", "name": "pulmonary alveolus", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pulmonary alveolus, record its local structural and functional state, and judge which observations or interventions are justified by the available evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191341/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191341", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191341", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:03:52Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00463012, "turns": 1, "seconds": 73.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 98.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b86-3733-7ab0-b03d-ce2283f668e9\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: pulmonary alveolus\nRegistry id: vr.tr.pulmonary-alveolus\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this en" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191341", "registryId": "vr.tr.pulmonary-alveolus", "name": "pulmonary alveolus", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191341/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.pulmonary-alveolus", "name": "pulmonary alveolus", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pulmonary alveolus, record its local structural and functional state, and judge which observations or interventions are justified by the available evidence.", "definition": "The pulmonary alveolus is a terminal, thin-walled saccular outpouching of the distal respiratory tract in which a single-cell epithelial lining, a fused basement membrane, and an adjacent capillary endothelium form the gas-exchange surface of the lung.", "scope_statement": "This draft model for vr.tr.pulmonary-alveolus owns the individual alveolar airspace, its epithelial lining and surface film, its boundary within shared septa, and its local interfaces with neighbouring airspaces and pulmonary capillaries; observations must retain organism, anatomical location, respiratory phase and acquisition context.", "in_scope": [ "Identity and anatomical placement of an individual alveolus.", "Airspace geometry, opening and boundaries with shared septa.", "Alveolar epithelial lining, surface film and luminal contents.", "Local air-blood barrier and capillary contact.", "Local aeration, deformation, injury and repair states.", "Evidence supporting alveolus-level observations and proposed actions." ], "out_of_scope": [ "Whole-lung ventilation, spirometry and systemic blood oxygenation.", "Alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and pulmonary acini as aggregate anatomical units.", "Pulmonary vascular networks and circulatory regulation.", "Individual pneumocytes, macrophages and pathogens as independently modelled entities.", "Respiratory diseases, patient diagnosis and treatment protocols.", "Imaging equipment, ventilators and laboratory assays as instruments." ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve an individual epithelial-lined airspace and its septal boundaries; a cluster or common space serving several alveoli should not automatically be labelled one alveolus. [Histology, Lung](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534789/)", "Check whether the candidate is an individual recess opening onto an alveolated passage or the passage itself; an alveolar duct contains openings into multiple alveoli. [Histology, Lung](https://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534789/)", "Where tissue evidence permits, identify the alveolar lining and capillary-bearing septa rather than relying on a round empty profile; type I and type II pneumocytes support this identification. [Histology, Alveolar Cells](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557542/)", "Distinguish the airspace from its surrounding septum and from a capillary lumen within that septum; these are related structures with different boundaries. [Histology, Alveolar Cells](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557542/)", "For an enlarged or disrupted space, require evidence of retained alveolar boundaries before assigning a single-alveolus identity; record unresolved identity when destruction or sectioning prevents that test." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Organism and developmental context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organism reference, species and developmental stage", "why_it_matters": "Determines which anatomical and physiological comparisons are applicable." }, { "name": "Anatomical placement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Lung, lobe, region and acinus references where resolved", "why_it_matters": "Anchors the alveolus within its surrounding respiratory tissue." }, { "name": "Boundary resolution", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Complete, partial, ambiguous or unresolved; supporting observation", "why_it_matters": "Controls whether measurements can legitimately describe one alveolus." }, { "name": "Airspace volume", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm³; include segmentation method and inflation context", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparison of local expansion without treating section area as volume." }, { "name": "Luminal surface area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm²; identify included surfaces and reconstruction method", "why_it_matters": "Describes the local surface available for exchange while separating geometry from measured function." }, { "name": "Airspace contents", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Gas, liquid, cells, particulate material, mixed or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes changes in filling from changes in the alveolar boundary." }, { "name": "Aeration state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Aerated, partly aerated, nonaerated or indeterminate; time and method", "why_it_matters": "Records local gas occupancy without equating every nonaerated appearance with collapse." }, { "name": "Epithelial continuity", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Continuous, disrupted, denuded or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of barrier integrity and repair." }, { "name": "Surface film evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed, assay-supported, inferred or unassessed; composition or activity evidence", "why_it_matters": "Separates direct film observations from assumptions about surfactant function." }, { "name": "Air-blood barrier thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "µm; sampled location, component boundaries and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Supports evaluation of diffusion-path changes and spatial heterogeneity." }, { "name": "Capillary contact", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Adjacent capillary references and mapped contact regions", "why_it_matters": "Connects the alveolus to its exchange interface without assigning it exclusive ownership of shared vessels." }, { "name": "Respiratory loading context", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Respiratory phase and, where available, pressure in Pa or cm H2O with measurement location", "why_it_matters": "Makes geometry and deformation observations interpretable." }, { "name": "Observation basis", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Direct local observation, local estimate, regional proxy or unresolved; method and resolution", "why_it_matters": "Prevents regional or whole-lung measurements from becoming unsupported individual-alveolus facts." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify and segment a candidate alveolus when the observation resolves its boundaries.", "Map its opening, shared septa and adjacent capillary interfaces.", "Measure geometry and compare repeated observations under documented respiratory or preparation conditions.", "Annotate luminal filling, epithelial disruption and septal changes while retaining diagnostic uncertainty.", "Evaluate modelled responses to altered loading or surface-film conditions with explicit assumptions.", "Determine whether a proposed observation or intervention can address this alveolus individually or requires a regional or patient-level model." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "fawcett-bloom-histology", "title": "Bloom and Fawcett's Textbook of Histology (alveolar epithelium and blood-air barrier)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Classical histological definition of the alveolus as a thin-walled terminal air space bounded by type I/II epithelium, fused basal laminae, and capillary endothelium." }, { "id": "west-respiratory-physiology", "title": "West's Respiratory Physiology: The Essentials (J.B. West / A.M. Luks)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Functional role of alveoli in gas exchange, typical alveolar dimensions, surface area, and ventilation-perfusion context." }, { "id": "who-icd-snomed-context", "title": "SNOMED CT and Terminologia Anatomica entries for pulmonary alveolus (TA98 A06.5.02.018; SNOMED 72603009)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Standard anatomical identifiers and the distinction of the alveolus as an organ part rather than a disease entity." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "alveolar-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Alveolar identity and boundaries", "description": "Establish what counts as this individual alveolus within an interconnected respiratory region.", "rationale": "Every later state judgement depends on distinguishing one alveolus from a passage, aggregate or damaged airspace.", "layers": [ { "id": "anatomical-membership", "name": "Anatomical membership", "description": "Place the candidate within an organism and respiratory region.", "findings": [ { "id": "individual-alveolus-identification", "name": "Individual alveolus identification", "description": "Record the evidence and uncertainty supporting identification as one alveolus.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed features distinguish this candidate from an alveolar duct, alveolar sac or non-alveolar cavity?", "kind": "definition", "id": "individual-alveolus-identification-q01" }, { "text": "Which organism, developmental stage and anatomical location does the identifying observation establish?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "individual-alveolus-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "opening-and-shared-septa", "name": "Opening and shared septa", "description": "Delimit the airspace without assigning shared tissue exclusively to it.", "findings": [ { "id": "alveolar-boundary-assignment", "name": "Alveolar boundary assignment", "description": "Record the opening boundary, septal surfaces and unresolved connections.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where is the boundary across the alveolar opening drawn for segmentation and volume measurement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alveolar-boundary-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which septa and observed interalveolar communications connect this alveolus to neighbours, and how are shared structures referenced?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "alveolar-boundary-assignment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "airspace-geometry-and-mechanics", "name": "Airspace geometry and mechanics", "description": "Describe alveolar shape and deformation under known loading conditions.", "rationale": "An apparent change in size can reflect respiratory loading, tissue preparation or structural damage.", "layers": [ { "id": "resolved-airspace-geometry", "name": "Resolved airspace geometry", "description": "Separate measured dimensions from assumptions introduced by reconstruction.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-under-known-conditions", "name": "Geometry under known conditions", "description": "Record volume, surface area and opening geometry at a specified observation state.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which dimensions are directly resolved, and which require stereological or geometric assumptions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "geometry-under-known-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "What respiratory phase, inflation pressure and fixation or processing conditions accompanied acquisition?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "geometry-under-known-conditions-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "deformation-and-reopening", "name": "Deformation and reopening", "description": "Assess local mechanical changes using observations that can follow the same structure.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-loading-response", "name": "Local loading response", "description": "Represent expansion, narrowing and reopening without assuming isolated spherical mechanics.", "questions": [ { "text": "What repeated observations demonstrate deformation or reopening of this same alveolus?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-loading-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which local-loading and neighbouring-tissue assumptions must hold before predicting its response to a pressure change?", "kind": "action", "id": "local-loading-response-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "epithelium-and-surface-film", "name": "Epithelium and surface film", "description": "Record the alveolar lining and evidence about its luminal film.", "rationale": "Lining integrity and surface-film condition affect how local morphology and stability should be interpreted.", "layers": [ { "id": "alveolar-epithelial-coverage", "name": "Alveolar epithelial coverage", "description": "Describe epithelial continuity and identified cell coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "lining-composition-and-integrity", "name": "Lining composition and integrity", "description": "Retain evidence for cell identities, coverage and discontinuities.", "questions": [ { "text": "What morphological or molecular evidence identifies type I and type II epithelial cells at this alveolar surface?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "lining-composition-and-integrity-q01" }, { "text": "Where is epithelial coverage continuous, disrupted or unresolved, and at what spatial resolution?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "lining-composition-and-integrity-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "luminal-film-condition", "name": "Luminal film condition", "description": "Separate film presence, composition and demonstrated activity.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-film-functional-evidence", "name": "Surface film functional evidence", "description": "Record what observations actually establish about the local lining film.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the evidence resolve this alveolus's surface film, or describe a pooled sample from a larger lung region?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "surface-film-functional-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements establish film composition or surface activity, and which functional properties remain inferred?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-film-functional-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "air-blood-exchange-interface", "name": "Air-blood exchange interface", "description": "Connect local barrier structure to evidence about gas access and blood flow.", "rationale": "Anatomical exchange potential does not by itself establish effective gas exchange.", "layers": [ { "id": "septal-barrier-structure", "name": "Septal barrier structure", "description": "Resolve the local epithelial, interstitial and endothelial interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "barrier-path-and-capillary-contact", "name": "Barrier path and capillary contact", "description": "Locate sampled diffusion paths and associated capillary surfaces.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which boundaries define the reported barrier thickness, and how were sampling locations selected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "barrier-path-and-capillary-contact-q01" }, { "text": "Which capillary contact regions are resolved, and which are shared with neighbouring alveoli?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "barrier-path-and-capillary-contact-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "local-exchange-evidence", "name": "Local exchange evidence", "description": "Separate aeration, gas renewal, perfusion and demonstrated transfer.", "findings": [ { "id": "exchange-state-attribution", "name": "Exchange state attribution", "description": "Record the spatial scale and evidential basis of functional claims.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence demonstrates gas renewal and capillary perfusion at this alveolus rather than only in its surrounding region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exchange-state-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "Is gas transfer directly measured, estimated from a model or unresolved, and which input observations support that classification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "exchange-state-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "alveolar-injury-and-repair", "name": "Alveolar injury and repair", "description": "Describe local filling, damage and subsequent structural change.", "rationale": "Similar appearances can arise from different processes and support different next observations.", "layers": [ { "id": "luminal-and-septal-abnormalities", "name": "Luminal and septal abnormalities", "description": "Locate abnormal contents and tissue changes before assigning causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-abnormality-localisation", "name": "Local abnormality localisation", "description": "Distinguish luminal material, wall abnormalities and loss of airspace.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies liquid, cells or particulate material within the lumen rather than within the septum?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-abnormality-localisation-q01" }, { "text": "What observations distinguish reduced aeration caused by filling from apposed walls, tissue destruction or preparation artifact?", "kind": "definition", "id": "local-abnormality-localisation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair-and-identity-over-time", "name": "Repair and identity over time", "description": "Track recovery or remodelling without assuming that alveolar identity persists through every change.", "findings": [ { "id": "longitudinal-structural-outcome", "name": "Longitudinal structural outcome", "description": "Record supported transitions and uncertainty about continuity of the individual alveolus.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which serial observations support epithelial restoration, persistent septal change or loss of alveolar boundaries?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "longitudinal-structural-outcome-q01" }, { "text": "When boundaries disappear or new partitions form, what evidence permits continued use of the same alveolus identifier?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "longitudinal-structural-outcome-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "alveolus-level-evidence-and-actions", "name": "Alveolus-level evidence and actions", "description": "Determine what can be concluded and acted upon at individual-alveolus resolution.", "rationale": "Many observations and interventions operate over regions containing multiple alveoli.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-scale-and-artifacts", "name": "Measurement scale and artifacts", "description": "Preserve the limits imposed by resolution, preparation and sampling.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-fitness", "name": "Observation fitness", "description": "Judge whether evidence can support the intended alveolar claim.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the method resolve a whole individual alveolus, only a section through it or an aggregate of airspaces?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "observation-fitness-q01" }, { "text": "Which motion, segmentation, fixation or sampling effects could produce the observed appearance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "observation-fitness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "action-target-and-follow-up", "name": "Action target and follow-up", "description": "Connect proposed actions to their actual target scale and observable outcome.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-alveolar-action", "name": "Supported alveolar action", "description": "Specify prerequisites and outcome evidence for observation, simulation or intervention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the proposed action target this alveolus individually, or must its execution be governed by a tissue-, lung- or patient-level model?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-alveolar-action-q01" }, { "text": "What baseline and follow-up evidence would establish the intended local effect and detect associated damage?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-alveolar-action-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "type I alveolar epithelial cell (AECI / pneumocyte I) lining the gas-exchange wall", "type II alveolar epithelial cell (AECII / pneumocyte II) producing surfactant and serving as progenitor", "alveolar macrophage (dust cell) resident in the airspace", "primary (fetal) saccule versus mature postnatal alveolus", "respiratory bronchiole alveolar outpocket versus alveolar-duct / alveolar-sac alveolus", "pulmonary versus ectopic extra-pulmonary alveolar-like epithelium (not normally distinguished as a named organ part)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q190773", "note": "item 'pulmonary alveolus' (anatomical structure)" }, { "scheme": "Terminologia Anatomica 1998", "value_or_pattern": "A06.5.02.018", "note": "alveolus pulmonis / pulmonary alveolus" }, { "scheme": "FMA (Foundational Model of Anatomy)", "value_or_pattern": "FMA:7318", "note": "Pulmonary alveolus as an anatomical entity" }, { "scheme": "SNOMED CT", "value_or_pattern": "72603009", "note": "Pulmonary alveolus structure (body structure)" }, { "scheme": "UBERON", "value_or_pattern": "UBERON:0002298", "note": "alveolus of lung" }, { "scheme": "MeSH", "value_or_pattern": "D011650", "note": "Pulmonary Alveoli" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11 anatomy (when coded as a site)", "value_or_pattern": "XA... pulmonary alveolus site codes under respiratory system anatomy", "note": "Used as a topography, not as a disease; confirm the current XA code in the ICD-11 MMS browser before reuse" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Terminologia Anatomica (Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology / IFAA) - official anatomical name alveolus pulmonis", "ISO 26782 / ISO 23747 and related spirometry device standards (ISO) - govern measurement of lung volumes that include alveolar compartments, not the alveolus as a specimen", "ATS/ERS technical standards on lung volume and DLCO measurement (American Thoracic Society / European Respiratory Society) - functional assessment of alveolar-capillary gas transfer", "Occupational exposure limits for respirable dusts and fibres (OSHA, ACGIH TLVs, EU OELs) - regulate agents that deposit in and injure alveoli", "Human tissue and autopsy practice under local human-tissue acts (e.g. UK Human Tissue Act 2004) - governs handling of alveolar tissue as human material, not the structure itself" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Histology and pathology: the unit examined on lung biopsy or autopsy sections for DAD, pneumonia, fibrosis, and emphysema", "Physiology and pulmonary function testing: the effective gas-exchange surface inferred from DLCO, arterial blood gas, and imaging", "Neonatology: the target of surfactant replacement in respiratory distress syndrome of the premature infant", "Inhalation toxicology and aerosol medicine: the deposition site for respirable particles (~<5 µm aerodynamic diameter) and for many inhaled drugs", "Comparative anatomy and veterinary pathology: homologous air-space units in mammalian lungs; not equivalent to avian air capillaries", "Medical education and 3-D modelling: the canonical blood-air barrier used to teach Fick diffusion" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Alveolar diameter (adult human, inflated)", "typical_range": "200-300", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Blood-air barrier thickness (harmonic mean)", "typical_range": "0.2-0.6", "unit": "µm" }, { "quantity": "Number of alveoli in adult human lungs (both)", "typical_range": "3e8-5e8", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Internal alveolar surface area (adult)", "typical_range": "70-100", "unit": "m^2" }, { "quantity": "Type II cell surfactant lamellar-body secretion / alveolar lining fluid phospholipid pool", "typical_range": "context-dependent; not a single normal range at organ scale", "unit": "µmol phospholipid / kg lung" }, { "quantity": "Alveolar PO2 (ideal alveolar gas, room air at sea level)", "typical_range": "100-104", "unit": "mmHg" }, { "quantity": "Alveolar PCO2", "typical_range": "38-42", "unit": "mmHg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Collapse (atelectasis) when surfactant is deficient or airways are obstructed", "Flooding by oedema fluid or haemorrhage when the alveolar-capillary barrier is disrupted (ARDS / DAD)", "Destruction of walls and coalescence of airspaces (emphysema / COPD)", "Fibrotic thickening of the interstitium reducing compliance and diffusion (IPF and related ILDs)", "Filling by exudate, organisms, or debris (pneumonia, alveolar proteinosis)", "Oxidative and particle injury from smoke, silica, asbestos, and other respirable dusts", "Barotrauma and volutrauma of over-distended alveoli under mechanical ventilation", "Neonatal surfactant-deficiency RDS and bronchopulmonary dysplasia after premature birth" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Anatomical name is stable internationally (alveolus pulmonis / pulmonary alveolus); clinical shorthand 'alveoli' is universal in English-language medicine", "Some older European texts still use 'air cell' or 'air sac' in translation; 'air sac' is better reserved for avian lungs and must not be treated as a synonym in comparative anatomy", "Japanese and some East Asian pathology schools historically emphasised 'diffuse alveolar damage' staging (exudative / proliferative / fibrotic) with slightly different time-cut language than North American ARDS literature", "Occupational alveolar-dust diseases are coded and compensated under different national lists (e.g. UK IIDB, EU recognised occupational diseases, US federal black-lung programme)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Alveolar duct / alveolar sac", "difference": "The duct and sac are conducting/connecting air spaces that open into many alveoli; an alveolus is the blind, capillary-covered outpouching itself. On section, a duct retains a partially bronchiolar wall; an alveolus does not." }, { "name": "Respiratory bronchiole", "difference": "A respiratory bronchiole still has a cuboidal bronchiolar epithelium and a wall with smooth muscle; alveoli bud from its wall but the bronchiole is an airway, not an alveolus." }, { "name": "Acinus (pulmonary acinus)", "difference": "The acinus is the whole parenchyma distal to a terminal bronchiole (respiratory bronchioles + ducts + sacs + alveoli); the alveolus is one terminal unit within it." }, { "name": "Interalveolar septum / blood-air barrier", "difference": "The septum is the wall shared by adjacent alveoli; the barrier is the thin tissue path for gas. Neither is the air space." }, { "name": "Avian air capillary / air sac", "difference": "Birds exchange gas in rigid air capillaries of a flow-through lung and store air in non-exchange air sacs; mammalian alveoli are cyclic, compliant, blind sacs." }, { "name": "Alveolar process of the maxilla / dental alveolus", "difference": "A tooth socket (dental alveolus) is a bony cavity in the jaw; the pulmonary alveolus is a lung air space. Context (FMA/TA code or organ system) separates them." }, { "name": "Type I vs type II pneumocyte (as if they were the alveolus)", "difference": "Those are the lining cells of the alveolus, not the organ part; an alveolus is the space plus its wall, not a single cell type." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of pulmonary alveolus this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which operational boundary across an alveolar opening provides reproducible individual-alveolus segmentation across imaging modalities and developmental stages?", "Which species- and age-specific reference measurements remain comparable after accounting for inflation, fixation and sampling method?", "Which methods can reliably attribute ventilation, perfusion, surface-film activity and gas transfer to a single alveolus rather than an aggregate?", "What evidence distinguishes reversible loss of aeration from structural loss, and when should remodelling terminate an alveolus's persistent identity?", "Which experimentally validated action models can predict local alveolar responses while accounting for shared septa and surrounding tissue mechanics?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 13, "findings": 20, "questions": 32 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a pulmonary alveolus, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a pulmonary alveolus, record its local structural and functional state, and judge which observations or interventions are justified by the available evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a pulmonary alveolus, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one pulmonary alveolus from another, and a pulmonary alveolus from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a pulmonary alveolus sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a pulmonary alveolus from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a pulmonary alveolus is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a pulmonary alveolus is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a pulmonary alveolus is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a pulmonary alveolus is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a pulmonary alveolus is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a pulmonary alveolus is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a pulmonary alveolus passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a pulmonary alveolus between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a pulmonary alveolus, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a pulmonary alveolus is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What pulmonary alveolus is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does pulmonary alveolus perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise pulmonary alveolus, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How pulmonary alveolus is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does pulmonary alveolus have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does pulmonary alveolus need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about pulmonary alveolus is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about pulmonary alveolus hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern pulmonary alveolus, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a pulmonary alveolus came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a pulmonary alveolus and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a pulmonary alveolus is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a pulmonary alveolus, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a pulmonary alveolus, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a pulmonary alveolus is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }