{ "model": { "rank": 4803, "code": "thing-q191498", "model_id": "vr.tr.kashrut", "name": "kashrut", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise kashrut requirements, record evidence about food and its handling, and identify permissible actions under a specified Jewish legal authority and practice.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191498/", "tier": 2, "score": 72, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Kvation", "Chametz" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 72, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191498", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191498", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T21:01:58Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f9-549a-77f2-b06e-9783d22d8637\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: kashrut\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 59.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087f9-54a5-72b2-8114-570eceb43e8d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: kashrut\nRegistry id: vr.tr.kashrut\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191498", "registryId": "vr.tr.kashrut", "name": "kashrut", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191498/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.kashrut", "name": "kashrut", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise kashrut requirements, record evidence about food and its handling, and identify permissible actions under a specified Jewish legal authority and practice.", "definition": "Kashrut is the body of Jewish dietary law governing which foods may be eaten and how they must be produced, prepared, combined and consumed, as interpreted through halakhic authorities and communal traditions.", "scope_statement": "This model owns kashrut as a Jewish dietary legal and practical framework, including how food, ingredients, equipment and handling are evaluated; it records authority-specific judgments without treating one interpretation as universal.", "in_scope": [ "Sources, interpretive authorities and communal practices governing dietary permissibility", "Food identity, ingredient origins and classifications relevant to kashrut", "Preparation, separation, equipment use and handling that affect kosher status", "Certification, supervision, traceability and the limits of available evidence", "Context-dependent restrictions, including Passover requirements and unresolved cases" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Jewish law and religious observance beyond their specific effects on kashrut", "Nutritional adequacy, food hygiene and medical suitability", "Halal and other dietary systems except as explicitly distinguished neighbouring concepts", "General agricultural production and animal welfare standards", "Individual Jewish identity, religiosity or moral worth inferred from dietary practice" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A kashrut assessment identifies a Jewish dietary rule and its applicable authority; dietary preference alone does not establish one.", "Food marketed as Jewish cuisine is not thereby established as kosher.", "A vegan, vegetarian or halal label does not by itself establish kosher status.", "An ingredient list alone may leave equipment history, processing aids and supervision unresolved.", "A kosher assessment for ordinary use does not automatically establish acceptability for Passover or every community." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Applicable authority and practice", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named legal authority, certifier, community or household practice, with supporting references", "why_it_matters": "A judgment is meaningful only relative to the rules and acceptance criteria being applied." }, { "name": "Assessment target", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ingredient, product, batch, meal, utensil, production line, kitchen or establishment", "why_it_matters": "Evidence about one target cannot automatically establish the status of another." }, { "name": "Dietary classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Meat, dairy, pareve, mixed, disputed or undetermined under the applicable authority", "why_it_matters": "Classification informs combinations, equipment allocation and service decisions." }, { "name": "Assessed permissibility", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Permitted, prohibited, conditional, disputed or undetermined for a stated use and authority", "why_it_matters": "It separates a supported judgment from uncertainty or disagreement." }, { "name": "Ingredient and processing provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to suppliers, species or material origins, formulations, processing aids and production records", "why_it_matters": "Commercial ingredient names may not disclose the features needed for a kashrut assessment." }, { "name": "Equipment and contact history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Prior food contact, heating, cleaning, elapsed time and kashering records where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Preparation conditions can affect an assessment independently of the recipe." }, { "name": "Certification coverage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Verified and applicable, limited, expired, withdrawn, unverified or absent", "why_it_matters": "A symbol or certificate must match the actual product, facility, period and intended use." }, { "name": "Calendar and custom context", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Ordinary use or Passover, with relevant community-specific practices", "why_it_matters": "The same food can require different evaluation in different observance contexts." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify which rules and authority govern a proposed food use.", "Trace missing evidence through ingredients, suppliers, equipment and certification records.", "Compare documented judgments without collapsing disagreements into a single universal status.", "Screen a recipe, purchase or service plan for unresolved kashrut conditions.", "Route cases requiring religious judgment to an appropriate authority with the relevant facts assembled.", "Reassess affected products or meals when formulations, production conditions or certification change." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "authority-and-applicability", "name": "Authority and applicability", "description": "Establishes whose kashrut requirements apply and what a judgment covers.", "rationale": "Kashrut cannot be represented faithfully as an authority-free kosher flag.", "layers": [ { "id": "rules-and-interpretation", "name": "Rules and interpretation", "description": "Connects dietary requirements to their sources and interpreters.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-requirements", "name": "Attributed requirements", "description": "Record each applicable requirement with its source, interpretation and status within the selected practice.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which source and interpreting authority support this requirement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "Is this treated as a binding requirement, communal custom, additional stringency or disputed position?", "kind": "definition", "id": "attributed-requirements-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "judgment-context", "name": "Judgment context", "description": "Defines the target, intended use and observance context of an assessment.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-permissibility", "name": "Bounded permissibility", "description": "Attach judgments to specific food or equipment, users, circumstances and periods.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the judgment cover this ingredient, batch, finished meal or entire establishment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-permissibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which authority and household or community practice govern the intended consumption?", "kind": "definition", "id": "bounded-permissibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "food-identity-and-origin", "name": "Food identity and origin", "description": "Captures the biological and material identities needed to evaluate food.", "rationale": "Permissibility depends on origins and preparation evidence that ordinary food names may conceal.", "layers": [ { "id": "animal-derived-foods", "name": "Animal-derived foods", "description": "Identifies species and applicable requirements for animal products.", "findings": [ { "id": "species-and-preparation-evidence", "name": "Species and preparation evidence", "description": "Record species identification and, where applicable, evidence about slaughter, inspection and removal of prohibited blood or tissues.", "questions": [ { "text": "What establishes the species identity and its accepted status under the selected authority?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "species-and-preparation-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Which slaughter, inspection or preparation requirements apply to this animal-derived food, and what verifies their completion?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "species-and-preparation-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "produce-and-composite-ingredients", "name": "Produce and composite ingredients", "description": "Examines plant foods and manufactured ingredients beyond their retail names.", "findings": [ { "id": "hidden-origin-and-produce-conditions", "name": "Hidden origin and produce conditions", "description": "Record ingredient derivation, processing aids and relevant produce conditions, including insect inspection and agricultural obligations where applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the actual origins and processing inputs of enzymes, flavourings, gelatin and other ingredients whose names do not establish their status?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "hidden-origin-and-produce-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Which insect inspection or agricultural requirements apply to this produce given its type, origin and handling?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "hidden-origin-and-produce-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "meat-dairy-and-equipment", "name": "Meat, dairy and equipment", "description": "Represents food classifications and the consequences of combining or processing them.", "rationale": "A food's assessment must account for combinations and equipment history as well as ingredient identity.", "layers": [ { "id": "classification-and-separation", "name": "Classification and separation", "description": "Records meat, dairy and pareve classifications and their practical implications.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-for-intended-use", "name": "Classification for intended use", "description": "Distinguish ingredient classification from equipment-related designations and apply the selected practice to preparation and consumption.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes whether this food is meat, dairy or pareve, and does an equipment-related designation qualify that assessment?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-for-intended-use-q01" }, { "text": "What separation or waiting requirements govern the proposed preparation, serving sequence or consumption?", "kind": "action", "id": "classification-for-intended-use-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "contact-and-kashering", "name": "Contact and kashering", "description": "Captures equipment use and the conditions relevant to restoring suitability.", "findings": [ { "id": "equipment-use-history", "name": "Equipment use history", "description": "Record material, prior contact and thermal conditions before evaluating equipment suitability or a proposed kashering procedure.", "questions": [ { "text": "What foods contacted the equipment, at what temperatures and for how long, and what cleaning or subsequent use occurred?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "equipment-use-history-q01" }, { "text": "Does the selected authority permit kashering this item, and what procedure and verification would be required?", "kind": "action", "id": "equipment-use-history-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "production-and-assurance", "name": "Production and assurance", "description": "Connects production practices and supervision to evidence about actual products.", "rationale": "A recipe or package claim does not fully establish how a food was produced or whether a certification covers it.", "layers": [ { "id": "production-specific-requirements", "name": "Production-specific requirements", "description": "Records applicable requirements concerning preparation participants and supervised processes.", "findings": [ { "id": "participation-and-supervision", "name": "Participation and supervision", "description": "Identify authority-specific requirements concerning cooking, baking, wine or grape products, and milk production where relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which requirements concerning preparation participants or supervision apply to this particular food and process?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "participation-and-supervision-q01" }, { "text": "What records establish that the required participation or supervision occurred?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "participation-and-supervision-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "certification-and-traceability", "name": "Certification and traceability", "description": "Checks the identity, scope and continuing applicability of certification evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-certification-scope", "name": "Verified certification scope", "description": "Connect a certification to its issuer, covered products or facilities, conditions and validity period.", "questions": [ { "text": "Has the issuer confirmed coverage for this exact product, production location and relevant batch or date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-certification-scope-q01" }, { "text": "Does the intended consumer's selected authority accept this certification and its qualifications?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "verified-certification-scope-q02" }, { "text": "Which formulation, supplier, production-line or certification changes require reassessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "verified-certification-scope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "passover-and-case-resolution", "name": "Passover and case resolution", "description": "Handles seasonal requirements and cases where ordinary assessment remains insufficient.", "rationale": "Passover distinctions and unresolved incidents need explicit treatment rather than inheritance from a general kosher status.", "layers": [ { "id": "passover-applicability", "name": "Passover applicability", "description": "Separates Passover requirements from ordinary use and records applicable customs.", "findings": [ { "id": "passover-specific-assessment", "name": "Passover-specific assessment", "description": "Record chametz-related evaluation, kitniyot practices and product or equipment requirements under the chosen authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes suitability for Passover for this food and its production equipment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "passover-specific-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which kitniyot or other Passover practices apply to the intended consumers?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "passover-specific-assessment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "incidents-and-unresolved-judgments", "name": "Incidents and unresolved judgments", "description": "Preserves relevant facts and uncertainty when routine rules do not settle a case.", "findings": [ { "id": "case-specific-referral", "name": "Case-specific referral", "description": "Document accidental mixtures, missing provenance and conflicting judgments for assessment by an appropriate authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "What quantities, temperatures, timing, ingredients and equipment contacts are known about the incident?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "case-specific-referral-q01" }, { "text": "Which decisions require an authority's ruling, and what additional evidence must accompany the referral?", "kind": "action", "id": "case-specific-referral-q02" }, { "text": "Does a resulting ruling apply only to this incident or also to future planned practice?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "case-specific-referral-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The listed kinds are practical food classifications, not separate schools of kashrut; Passover suitability cuts across meat, dairy and pareve.", "Specific rulings and certification acceptance depend on rabbinic authority, community and production details.", "This account is recalled knowledge; no sources or current certification policies were consulted." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Meat foods (fleishig)", "Dairy foods (milchig)", "Neutral foods (pareve)", "Kosher-for-Passover foods, subject to additional restrictions" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The Torah, particularly Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14, establishes foundational distinctions between permitted and prohibited animals.", "Rabbinic dietary law, developed in the Mishnah and Talmud, elaborates requirements concerning slaughter, blood, meat and milk, and food preparation.", "The Shulchan Arukh, especially Yoreh De'ah, and subsequent rabbinic rulings codify and interpret many practical requirements.", "The Orthodox Union administers kosher certification according to its rabbinic standards.", "STAR-K administers kosher certification according to its rabbinic standards." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Guiding household food purchases, cooking practices and separation of meat and dairy equipment.", "Certifying ingredients, manufacturing processes, restaurants and institutional kitchens.", "Determining permitted animal species and requirements for ritual slaughter and removal of blood.", "Assessing food and kitchen suitability for Passover.", "Accommodating Jewish dietary observance in hospitals, schools, workplaces and travel." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Prohibited ingredients or processing aids can invalidate a food's kosher status.", "Shared equipment, heat transfer or ingredient carryover can create kashrut problems even when the listed ingredients appear acceptable.", "A kosher designation does not establish that food is safe for someone with an allergy; pareve should not be treated as an allergen-free guarantee.", "Ordinary kosher certification does not establish suitability for Passover.", "Certification accepted by one community may not meet another community's requirements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ashkenazi communities traditionally restrict kitniyot during Passover, while many Sephardi communities permit them subject to their customs.", "Sephardi and Ashkenazi authorities differ on some requirements concerning meat inspection and food cooked by non-Jews.", "Foods grown in the Land of Israel raise additional requirements concerning agricultural gifts, tithes and sabbatical-year produce." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "kosher", "difference": "Kosher describes acceptability under the relevant Jewish rules; kashrut names the dietary legal system and its observance." }, { "name": "halakha", "difference": "Halakha encompasses Jewish religious law generally; kashrut concerns its dietary requirements." }, { "name": "shechita", "difference": "Shechita is the prescribed slaughter procedure for permitted terrestrial mammals and birds; it is one component of kashrut." }, { "name": "halal", "difference": "Halal denotes permissibility under Islamic law; its food rules derive from a different legal tradition and are not interchangeable with kashrut." }, { "name": "vegetarianism", "difference": "Vegetarianism excludes meat according to dietary commitments; vegetarian food can still fail kashrut requirements." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of kashrut this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which Jewish legal authorities and communities should the researched model represent, and how should their disagreements be attributed?", "Which primary texts and current authority-issued guidance support each proposed requirement and its exceptions?", "How should dairy-equipment designations and other certifier-specific terms be mapped without implying equivalence?", "What evidence is sufficient for uncertified foods, household preparation and supplier claims under each represented authority?", "Which agricultural obligations, Passover customs and exceptional-case rulings require additional detail within this registry entry?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a kashrut, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise kashrut requirements, record evidence about food and its handling, and identify permissible actions under a specified Jewish legal authority and practice.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Kvation, Chametz.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a kashrut, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Kvation", "Chametz" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 72 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one kashrut from another, and a kashrut from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a kashrut sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a kashrut from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a kashrut passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a kashrut between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a kashrut, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a kashrut is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a kashrut proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a kashrut, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a kashrut and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a kashrut consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a kashrut takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What kashrut is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of kashrut are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is kashrut operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of kashrut and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of kashrut?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as kashrut?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a kashrut came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a kashrut and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a kashrut is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a kashrut, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a kashrut, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a kashrut is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }