{ "model": { "rank": 6584, "code": "thing-q191700", "model_id": "vr.tr.benzoic-acid", "name": "benzoic acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify benzoic acid, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses require further evidence or authorization.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191700/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Benzoic acid-|A-13C", "Benzoic acid-4-13C", "Benzoic acid-ring-UL-14C", "(1-¹³C)Benzoic acid", "(¹³C₆)Benzoic acid", "(carboxy-¹³C₇)Benzoic acid" ], "aliasCount": 6, "merged": 6, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.benzoic-acid", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191700", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191700", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:04:31Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08869-6530-7f40-8dc3-d43aab2babad\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: benzoic acid\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.MAT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 re", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 68.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08869-6536-7421-9cff-33f07659fa7d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: benzoic acid\nRegistry id: vr.tr.benzoic-acid\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191700", "registryId": "vr.tr.benzoic-acid", "name": "benzoic acid", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191700/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.benzoic-acid", "name": "benzoic acid", "purpose": "Enable an agent to identify benzoic acid, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses require further evidence or authorization.", "definition": "Benzoic acid is the aromatic monocarboxylic acid C6H5COOH, consisting of a carboxyl group bonded directly to a benzene ring and normally occurring as a white crystalline solid.", "scope_statement": "This model owns benzoic acid as the molecular substance C6H5COOH and as identifiable material lots, including composition, grade, physical state, acid-base behavior, provenance, and use-specific constraints.", "in_scope": [ "Molecular identity and identifiers for benzoic acid", "Lot composition, assay, impurities, moisture, and grade", "Physical state and measured properties under stated conditions", "Dissolution and equilibrium between benzoic acid and benzoate", "Storage condition, hazard evidence, and jurisdiction-specific use eligibility" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Benzoate salts as independently supplied substances", "Esters such as methyl benzoate and benzyl benzoate", "Finished foods, cosmetics, medicines, and other formulations containing benzoic acid", "Manufacturing plants and complete synthesis processes", "Biological metabolism and clinical treatment", "Transport operations and waste-management systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The molecule has a carboxylic acid group directly attached to a benzene ring; phenylacetic acid has an intervening methylene group.", "Its molecular formula is C7H6O2; formula matching alone is insufficient to establish structural identity.", "Benzoic acid is the protonated acid, whereas sodium benzoate contains benzoate and a sodium counterion.", "It has no additional ring hydroxyl group, distinguishing it from salicylic acid and other hydroxybenzoic acids.", "The carboxyl group remains an acid rather than an ester; an identity assessment must distinguish it from benzoate esters." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Molecular identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "C7H6O2; structural representation C6H5COOH; verified registry identifiers", "why_it_matters": "Separates benzoic acid from related salts, esters, substituted acids, and structural isomers." }, { "name": "Benzoic acid assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or % w/w, with analytical method and as-received or dry basis", "why_it_matters": "Determines how much benzoic acid a lot contains and whether it meets an intended specification." }, { "name": "Impurity profile", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Named constituents in mg/kg or % w/w, with detection limits", "why_it_matters": "A high assay alone does not establish suitability when particular impurities have restrictive limits." }, { "name": "Water content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mg/kg or % w/w, with method", "why_it_matters": "Supports assay interpretation, formulation calculations, and investigation of storage-related changes." }, { "name": "Grade and specification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Technical, reagent, food, pharmaceutical, or other declared grade; named specification and version", "why_it_matters": "Connects the material to documented acceptance criteria without treating a grade label as proof of compliance." }, { "name": "Physical form and condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Crystals, powder, molten material, or dissolved material; temperature, pressure, and observed condition", "why_it_matters": "Affects sampling, handling, dissolution, and interpretation of physical measurements." }, { "name": "Thermal transition data", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Melting range and boiling or sublimation observations in °C at stated pressure, with method", "why_it_matters": "Supports identity checks and processing decisions while distinguishing different thermal events." }, { "name": "Solubility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "g/L or mol/L with solvent, temperature, pH, and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a specified amount can remain dissolved under the intended conditions." }, { "name": "Acid-base state", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "pH, condition-specific pKa, and fraction present as undissociated benzoic acid", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes total benzoic species from the undissociated acid relevant to many formulation decisions." }, { "name": "Lot provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to manufacturer, supplier, lot identifier, certificate of analysis, and sampling record", "why_it_matters": "Makes claims about identity and quality traceable to the material actually being assessed." }, { "name": "Hazard and use status", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Applicable safety data sheet, classification source, exposure-limit source, and use rule with jurisdiction and date", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from applying an unsupported classification or transferring a permission between uses or jurisdictions." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare structural and analytical evidence to accept, reject, or hold a claimed benzoic acid identity.", "Calculate a required material quantity from target benzoic acid content and the lot's assay basis.", "Assess dissolution or precipitation risk using solvent, temperature, pH, and concentration data.", "Estimate acid-benzoate speciation when the equilibrium assumptions and required measurements are available.", "Match a lot to an intended-use specification and flag missing evidence before release.", "Select documented storage and handling requirements from applicable material and regulatory records." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "benzoic-acid-identity", "name": "Benzoic acid identity", "description": "Establishes which chemical entity is present and distinguishes molecular identity from labels and dissolved species.", "rationale": "Similar names and interconversion with benzoate can cause an agent to substitute a different chemical entity or quantity basis.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-boundary", "name": "Molecular boundary", "description": "Defines the structural features that make the substance benzoic acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "unsubstituted-aromatic-carboxylic-acid", "name": "Unsubstituted aromatic carboxylic acid", "description": "Identity requires a benzene ring directly bonded to a carboxylic acid group, with no additional ring substituents.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the structural evidence establish C6H5COOH rather than a hydroxybenzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, or benzoate ester?", "kind": "definition", "id": "unsubstituted-aromatic-carboxylic-acid-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative identity record supports the supplied name, CAS number, PubChem CID, and EC number?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "unsubstituted-aromatic-carboxylic-acid-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acid-and-salt-boundary", "name": "Acid and salt boundary", "description": "Separates supplied benzoic acid from benzoate salts and from equilibrium species in solution.", "findings": [ { "id": "supplied-entity-versus-solution-species", "name": "Supplied entity versus solution species", "description": "A dissolved sample can contain both benzoic acid and benzoate; this does not make a separately supplied benzoate salt the same registry thing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Was the material supplied as free benzoic acid, a benzoate salt, or a mixture?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supplied-entity-versus-solution-species-q01" }, { "text": "Does the reported concentration describe free acid, total benzoic species, or a value expressed as benzoic acid equivalents?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supplied-entity-versus-solution-species-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "lot-composition-and-grade", "name": "Lot composition and grade", "description": "Records the evidence needed to evaluate the purity and specification compliance of a benzoic acid lot.", "rationale": "Molecular identity does not establish whether a particular lot is suitable for analytical, industrial, food, or pharmaceutical use.", "layers": [ { "id": "assay-and-contaminants", "name": "Assay and contaminants", "description": "Interprets benzoic acid content alongside moisture and individually measured impurities.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-on-an-explicit-basis", "name": "Composition on an explicit basis", "description": "Assay, water, and impurity measurements need compatible reporting bases and methods that support the claimed specificity.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the benzoic acid assay, and is it reported on an as-received, dried, or other basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-on-an-explicit-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which impurities and residual solvents were measured, and could other acidic constituents interfere with the assay method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-on-an-explicit-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-evidence", "name": "Grade evidence", "description": "Connects a declared grade to the exact lot and applicable acceptance criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "documented-specification-compliance", "name": "Documented specification compliance", "description": "Grade is a supported claim about compliance with a named specification, rather than a substitute for test results.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which specification and version define this lot's declared grade, and does its certificate cover every required criterion?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "documented-specification-compliance-q01" }, { "text": "Should the lot be released, held for additional testing, or rejected for the proposed use?", "kind": "action", "id": "documented-specification-compliance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-state-and-dissolution", "name": "Physical state and dissolution", "description": "Describes benzoic acid as a handled material whose thermal and dissolution behavior depends on conditions.", "rationale": "A property value without temperature, pressure, solvent, or method can support an incorrect handling or formulation decision.", "layers": [ { "id": "solid-and-thermal-behavior", "name": "Solid and thermal behavior", "description": "Records physical form and distinguishes melting, boiling, sublimation, and decomposition observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-thermal-observations", "name": "Conditioned thermal observations", "description": "Thermal data must identify the observed event and its conditions before being used for identification or processing.", "questions": [ { "text": "What physical form and melting range were observed for this sample, using which method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-thermal-observations-q01" }, { "text": "At the relevant pressure, does the cited thermal value describe melting, boiling, sublimation, or decomposition?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "conditioned-thermal-observations-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "solvent-dependent-behavior", "name": "Solvent-dependent behavior", "description": "Relates dissolution and crystallization to the actual solvent system and operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "solubility-and-precipitation-envelope", "name": "Solubility and precipitation envelope", "description": "Dissolved concentration must be interpreted against solubility data for the relevant temperature, solvent composition, and acid-base conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measured solubility applies to the intended solvent composition, temperature, and pH?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "solubility-and-precipitation-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Could cooling, solvent loss, or a pH change cause benzoic acid to precipitate at the proposed concentration?", "kind": "action", "id": "solubility-and-precipitation-envelope-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "acid-base-and-functional-use", "name": "Acid-base behavior and functional use", "description": "Connects benzoic acid speciation to its intended chemical or preservative role without modeling the complete formulation.", "rationale": "Total benzoic acid equivalents alone cannot establish the amount of undissociated acid or performance in a specific matrix.", "layers": [ { "id": "equilibrium-speciation", "name": "Equilibrium speciation", "description": "Records the conditions and assumptions needed to distinguish benzoic acid from benzoate in solution.", "findings": [ { "id": "undissociated-acid-fraction", "name": "Undissociated acid fraction", "description": "A speciation estimate requires pH and an applicable dissociation constant, with the limits of concentration-based approximations made explicit.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which pKa evidence applies to this solvent, temperature, and ionic environment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "undissociated-acid-fraction-q01" }, { "text": "What fraction is undissociated benzoic acid, and which equilibrium or activity assumptions support that estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "undissociated-acid-fraction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "Distinguishes a proposed role for benzoic acid from demonstrated performance in a containing system.", "findings": [ { "id": "matrix-specific-performance-evidence", "name": "Matrix-specific performance evidence", "description": "Preservative or reagent suitability requires evidence for the actual use conditions; substance identity alone does not validate performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is benzoic acid intended as a preservative, reagent, intermediate, or analytical material in this use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "matrix-specific-performance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What formulation testing or reaction evidence establishes performance at the proposed concentration and conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "matrix-specific-performance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-use-constraints", "name": "Handling and use constraints", "description": "Binds handling and use decisions to documented hazards, material condition, and applicable rules.", "rationale": "Hazard classifications and permitted uses need sources matched to the material, jurisdiction, and intended activity.", "layers": [ { "id": "handling-and-storage-evidence", "name": "Handling and storage evidence", "description": "Evaluates the actual lot and handling form against applicable safety and storage documentation.", "findings": [ { "id": "form-specific-handling-requirements", "name": "Form-specific handling requirements", "description": "Powder handling, heated material, and solutions present different exposure circumstances that must be assessed from applicable evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current safety data sheet supports the hazard classification, incompatibilities, and storage conditions for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "form-specific-handling-requirements-q01" }, { "text": "What controls are required for the actual handling form, and which applicable exposure limits or assessment criteria support them?", "kind": "action", "id": "form-specific-handling-requirements-q02" }, { "text": "Does packaging damage, contamination, or a departure from specified storage conditions require a lot hold or retest?", "kind": "action", "id": "form-specific-handling-requirements-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "jurisdiction-and-use-eligibility", "name": "Jurisdiction and use eligibility", "description": "Determines whether a specific proposed use is supported by the applicable regulatory identity and restrictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-permission-and-limits", "name": "Use-specific permission and limits", "description": "An eligibility decision must identify the jurisdiction, product category, applicable rule, and basis on which any concentration limit is expressed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current rule applies to benzoic acid in the intended jurisdiction and product category?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "use-specific-permission-and-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Does any applicable limit cover benzoic acid alone, benzoates collectively, or a total expressed as benzoic acid equivalents?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-permission-and-limits-q02" }, { "text": "Do the lot's grade evidence and proposed use level satisfy all applicable conditions for this use?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-permission-and-limits-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recall only; no sources were consulted.", "Verify current jurisdiction-specific hazard classifications, exposure limits and permitted uses before operational use.", "Physical constants are approximate; grades describe specifications rather than distinct molecular substances." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Technical grade", "Reagent grade", "Food grade", "Pharmaceutical grade" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "65-85-0", "note": "Identifies benzoic acid, not its salts or esters." }, { "scheme": "PubChem CID", "value_or_pattern": "243", "note": "Compound identifier for benzoic acid." }, { "scheme": "EC number", "value_or_pattern": "200-618-2", "note": "European chemical substance identifier." }, { "scheme": "Food additive numbering", "value_or_pattern": "E210 / INS 210", "note": "Benzoic acid; the identifier alone does not establish permission for a particular use." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Preservation of acidic foods and beverages where permitted.", "Manufacture of benzoate salts and benzoate esters.", "Intermediate in chemical synthesis.", "High-purity reference material for calibrating combustion calorimeters." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Molar mass", "typical_range": "122.12", "unit": "g/mol" }, { "quantity": "Melting point of pure material", "typical_range": "Approximately 122-123", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Boiling point at approximately 101.3 kPa", "typical_range": "Approximately 249", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Acid dissociation constant, pKa, in water near 25 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 4.2", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Solubility in water near 20-25 °C", "typical_range": "Approximately 2-4", "unit": "g/L" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dust or direct contact can irritate eyes, skin and the respiratory tract.", "Combustible solid; handling fine powder requires assessment of dust ignition hazards.", "Preservative performance decreases as pH rises and the proportion of undissociated acid falls.", "Limited water solubility can cause precipitation or prevent attainment of a target formulation concentration.", "Technical-grade material may contain impurities incompatible with food or pharmaceutical specifications." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Food additive permissions, permitted concentrations and labeling requirements vary by jurisdiction and food category.", "Grade specifications and accepted test methods depend on the applicable compendium or purchasing specification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Benzoate", "difference": "Benzoate is the deprotonated anion C6H5COO−; benzoic acid contains the carboxyl proton." }, { "name": "Sodium benzoate", "difference": "The sodium salt has formula C7H5NaO2 and is substantially more soluble in water." }, { "name": "Salicylic acid", "difference": "Salicylic acid has an additional hydroxyl group ortho to the carboxyl group." }, { "name": "Benzyl alcohol", "difference": "Benzyl alcohol carries a CH2OH group instead of the COOH group of benzoic acid." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of benzoic acid this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative sources should anchor the CAS, PubChem, and EC identifiers and resolve any conflicting identity records?", "Which reference measurements should be adopted for melting, boiling, sublimation, solubility, and pKa, with their conditions and uncertainties?", "Which impurity panels and acceptance specifications apply to the intended grades, and which analytical methods distinguish benzoic acid from interfering constituents?", "Which current hazard classifications and occupational exposure criteria apply in the jurisdictions where this material will be handled?", "Which intended product categories require preservative-performance validation, and what current permissions and concentration limits apply to each?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a benzoic acid, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to identify benzoic acid, assess the condition and suitability of a particular material lot, and determine which uses require further evidence or authorization.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Benzoic acid-|A-13C, Benzoic acid-4-13C, Benzoic acid-ring-UL-14C, (1-¹³C)Benzoic acid, (¹³C₆)Benzoic acid, (carboxy-¹³C₇)Benzoic acid.", "6 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a benzoic acid, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Benzoic acid-|A-13C", "Benzoic acid-4-13C", "Benzoic acid-ring-UL-14C", "(1-¹³C)Benzoic acid", "(¹³C₆)Benzoic acid", "(carboxy-¹³C₇)Benzoic acid" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 6 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one benzoic acid from another, and a benzoic acid from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a benzoic acid sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a benzoic acid from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a benzoic acid is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a benzoic acid is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a benzoic acid is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a benzoic acid is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a benzoic acid is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a benzoic acid is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a benzoic acid passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a benzoic acid between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a benzoic acid, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a benzoic acid is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a benzoic acid and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a benzoic acid is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a benzoic acid performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a benzoic acid.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a benzoic acid at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a benzoic acid there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What benzoic acid is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name benzoic acid unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of benzoic acid exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How benzoic acid behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of benzoic acid, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is benzoic acid incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How benzoic acid can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is benzoic acid classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover benzoic acid, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a benzoic acid came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a benzoic acid and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a benzoic acid is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a benzoic acid, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a benzoic acid, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a benzoic acid is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }