{ "model": { "rank": 10227, "code": "thing-q191835", "model_id": "vr.tr.gluconeogenesis", "name": "gluconeogenesis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain gluconeogenesis and its regulation, relay the pathway, tissues and physiological roles from biochemistry references, describe its relevance to fasting, exercise and diabetes in general terms, and distinguish gluconeogenesis from glycolysis, glycogenolysis and glycogenesis.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q191835/", "tier": 2, "score": 45, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "hepatic gluconeogenesis", "intestinal gluconeogenesis" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 45, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q191835", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191835", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T14:03:52Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q191835", "registryId": "vr.tr.gluconeogenesis", "name": "gluconeogenesis", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q191835/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.gluconeogenesis", "name": "gluconeogenesis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain gluconeogenesis and its regulation, relay the pathway, tissues and physiological roles from biochemistry references, describe its relevance to fasting, exercise and diabetes in general terms, and distinguish gluconeogenesis from glycolysis, glycogenolysis and glycogenesis.", "definition": "The metabolic pathway that synthesises glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors such as lactate, glycerol and amino acids, occurring mainly in the liver as hepatic gluconeogenesis and to a lesser extent in the kidney and, as recent research describes, the intestine, maintaining blood glucose during fasting and exercise; gluconeogenesis is regulated by hormones such as glucagon and insulin and is a target in diabetes.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a metabolic pathway.", "affordances": [ "explain the pathway", "relay regulation and tissues", "describe physiological relevance", "distinguish related pathways" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Glucose synthesis", "Liver and kidney", "Hormonal control", "Fasting role" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a biochemical pathway.", "visual_identification": [ "Glucose synthesis from non-carbohydrate precursors", "Hepatic and intestinal gluconeogenesis", "Glycolysis breaks glucose down; glycogenolysis releases glucose from glycogen; glycogenesis stores it" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "main tissue", "typical_range": "liver, about 90 percent", "unit": "note", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "key enzymes", "typical_range": "pyruvate carboxylase, PEPCK, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "energy cost", "typical_range": "6 ATP equivalents per glucose", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "hepatic gluconeogenesis", "renal gluconeogenesis", "intestinal gluconeogenesis", "gluconeogenesis from lactate in the Cori cycle", "gluconeogenesis from amino acids and glycerol" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "glucose metabolic process", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "hexose biosynthetic process", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "glycolysis", "why": "the reverse direction" }, { "relation": "is regulated by", "target": "glucagon", "why": "and insulin" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "GO", "value_or_pattern": "GO:0006094", "note": "gluconeogenesis" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; drug regulation for agents targeting the pathway" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Agents giving personal medical or dietary advice", "Confusing with glycogenolysis", "Overstating the intestinal contribution" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What gluconeogenesis is.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is gluconeogenesis, and how does it differ from glycolysis, glycogenolysis and glycogenesis?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about biochemistry, physiology or a personal health matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pathway", "name": "Pathway", "description": "Pathway steps.", "findings": [ { "id": "pathway-finding", "name": "Pathway", "description": "Pathway.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the steps and key enzymes, and how do they bypass irreversible glycolytic steps?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific enzyme?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulation", "name": "Regulation", "description": "Regulation.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "hormones", "name": "Hormones", "description": "Hormonal control.", "findings": [ { "id": "hormones-finding", "name": "Hormones", "description": "Hormones.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do glucagon, insulin, cortisol and adrenaline regulate gluconeogenesis?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "tissues", "name": "Tissues", "description": "Tissues.", "findings": [ { "id": "tissues-finding", "name": "Tissues", "description": "Tissues.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do liver, kidney and intestine contribute, and what is debated about the intestine, with findings attributed?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "physiology", "name": "Physiology", "description": "Physiology and disease.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "fasting", "name": "Fasting", "description": "Fasting and exercise.", "findings": [ { "id": "fasting-finding", "name": "Fasting", "description": "Fasting.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does gluconeogenesis maintain blood glucose during fasting, exercise and starvation?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the Cori cycle?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "diabetes", "name": "Diabetes", "description": "Diabetes.", "findings": [ { "id": "diabetes-finding", "name": "Diabetes", "description": "Diabetes.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is gluconeogenesis altered in diabetes, and how do drugs such as metformin act, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own condition, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Evolution and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "evolution", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Across organisms.", "findings": [ { "id": "evolution-finding", "name": "Evolution", "description": "Evolution.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does gluconeogenesis occur in plants, microbes and other animals?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits carbohydrate metabolism?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was gluconeogenesis discovered and mapped?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of biochemistry?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the Cori cycle and intestinal gluconeogenesis be separate entries?", "How should biochemistry references be linked?", "How should the registry aliases for tissues be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a gluconeogenesis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain gluconeogenesis and its regulation, relay the pathway, tissues and physiological roles from biochemistry references, describe its relevance to fasting, exercise and diabetes in general terms, and distinguish gluconeogenesis from glycolysis, glycogenolysis and glycogenesis.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: hepatic gluconeogenesis, intestinal gluconeogenesis.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a gluconeogenesis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "hepatic gluconeogenesis", "intestinal gluconeogenesis" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 45 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one gluconeogenesis from another, and a gluconeogenesis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a gluconeogenesis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a gluconeogenesis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a gluconeogenesis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a gluconeogenesis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a gluconeogenesis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a gluconeogenesis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a gluconeogenesis proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a gluconeogenesis, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a gluconeogenesis and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a gluconeogenesis consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a gluconeogenesis takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What gluconeogenesis is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of gluconeogenesis are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is gluconeogenesis operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of gluconeogenesis and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of gluconeogenesis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as gluconeogenesis?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a gluconeogenesis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a gluconeogenesis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a gluconeogenesis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a gluconeogenesis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a gluconeogenesis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a gluconeogenesis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }