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Research draft

carotenoid

vr.tr.carotenoid · PHY.MAT

Let an agent handle carotenoids by compound, source, function, food use and health information, without personal medical advice.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent handle carotenoids by compound, source, function, food use and health information, without personal medical advice.

A class of yellow, orange and red tetraterpenoid pigments made by plants, algae and some microbes, such as beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein and astaxanthin; some are precursors of vitamin A.

What it is for: Photosynthesis support, colour in nature and food, and nutrition.

It can be identify carotenoids in foods; explain vitamin A precursors; check food colour additive rules; find sourced nutrition information.

Distinguishing features

Tetraterpenoid pigments

Fat-soluble

Some are provitamin A

Protect plants from light damage

What it looks like

Yellow, orange and red colours in carrots, tomatoes, flowers, algae and flamingo feathers.

How it is recognised

Yellow to red pigments

E160 food colour numbers

Anthocyanins give red to blue colours by a different chemistry

Related models

is a kind of - category

biological pigment

includes - member

beta-carotene

is precursor of - nutrition

vitamin A

is used as - use

food colouring

In practice

Families and kinds

carotenes such as beta-carotene and lycopene

xanthophylls such as lutein and zeaxanthin

astaxanthin

apocarotenoids

Identifiers

E number E160a-E161 food colours

Standards and regulation

EU food additive regulation

Supplement regulations

Failure modes and hazards

High-dose beta-carotene supplements linked to risks in smokers

Agents giving personal supplement advice

Also called

α/β-carotene (not stereospecified)6-[(1E,3Z,5Z,7E,9E,11E,13Z,15Z,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol2-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E,21Z)-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23-dodecaenyl]-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexene(3S)-6-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-1,5,5-trimethyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-3-ol6-hydroxy-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-(4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol2,3,5-Trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]phenol[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 9-methyldecanoate6-Hydroxy-3-(24-hydroxy-23-methoxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one2-Methyl-6-[3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxycyclohexen-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol31-Methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-2,6,10,14,16,18,20,22,24,26-decaene2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxycyclohexen-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-6-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxycyclohex-2-en-1-one[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[3-hydroxy-2,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-undecaen-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 13-methyltetradecanoate31-Methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-dodecaen-2-ol[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(31-hydroxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaen-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl tetradecanoate2,6,10,14,19,23-Hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-dodecaen-1-ol4-[18-(4-Hydroxy-2,3,6-trimethylphenyl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,3,5-trimethylphenol5-Hydroxy-3-(24-hydroxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one2,6,10,14,19,23-Hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-dodecaenal2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-Octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaene-2,31-diol[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 11-methyldodecanoate25-(4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-2,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethylpentacosa-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-undecaene-2,3-diol3-(24-Hydroxy-23-methoxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one6-Hydroxy-3-(24-hydroxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethylpentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one3-[18-(4-Hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-one6-Hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one3',4'-Didehydro-beta,psi-caroten-16'-oic acid[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[3,5,5-trimethyl-4-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-3-en-1-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 13-methyltetradecanoate25-(5-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-2,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethylpentacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-dodecaenoic acid31-Hydroxy-2-methoxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,26-decaen-5-one6-Hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexen-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-(31-hydroxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaen-2-yl)oxyoxane-3,4,5-triol5-[3,7,12,16,20,24-Hexamethyl-24-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxypentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl]-4,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one3-(23-hydroxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethyl-24-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}pentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaen-1-yl)-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one38-[[6-[2,6,10,14,19,23-Hexamethyl-25-(2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)pentacosa-6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-decaen-2-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxycarbonyl]-37-hydroxy-17-methyloctapentacont-15-enoic acid3-[18-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one2,4,4-Trimethyl-3-[3,7,12,16-tetramethyl-18-[2,6,6-trimethyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexen-1-yl]octadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-one6-Hydroxy-3-[23-hydroxy-3,7,12,16,20,24-hexamethyl-24-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxypentacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21-undecaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one3-[18-(4,5-Dihydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxocyclohexen-1-yl)-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-5,6-dihydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-one[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(31-hydroxy-2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriaconta-4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26,28-tridecaen-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 11-methyldodecanoate

+1113

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Also registered as vr.tr.carotenoid

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Compound Which carotenoid.

Compounds differ.

Identity

Name.

Identity

Compound identity.

  1. Which carotenoid is meant? definition
  2. Is it a carotene or a xanthophyll? definition

Sources

Foods.

Sources

Food sources.

  1. Which foods are rich in it, according to food composition tables? provenance
  2. How does cooking affect it? definition
Function Biology.

Carotenoids protect and colour.

Plants

Photosynthesis.

Plants

Role in plants.

  1. What role does it play in photosynthesis or protection? definition
  2. Which sources explain it? provenance

Animals

Colour.

Animals

Animal colouration.

  1. How do animals obtain carotenoid colours from diet? definition
  2. Which examples are well documented? provenance
Nutrition Health information.

Evidence varies.

Vitamin A

Provitamin.

Vitamin A

Provitamin A.

  1. Is it a provitamin A carotenoid? definition
  2. How is conversion described by health authorities? provenance

Supplements

Advice limit.

Supplements

Supplements.

  1. Is the user asking whether to take supplements? boundary
  2. How should they be referred to a clinician or dietitian? action
Industry Food colour.

Colours are regulated.

Additive

E numbers.

Additive

Food additive.

  1. Which E number is used for this colour? provenance
  2. In which foods is it permitted? provenance

Production

Sources.

Production

Production.

  1. Is it extracted, synthesised or fermented? provenance
  2. How is it labelled? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each carotenoid be a separate entry?
  • How should E numbers be linked?
  • How should supplement evidence be summarised?
Draft as JSON