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Research draft

glycoside

vr.tr.glycoside · PHY.MAT

Let an agent explain glycosides and their classification and chemistry, describe natural occurrence and biological roles, relate glycosides to drugs, foods and toxicity in general terms, and support learning.

Thing Registry Physical world and living systems

Research draft, second pass

A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.

written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify

Researched by: Claude

Purpose and description

Let an agent explain glycosides and their classification and chemistry, describe natural occurrence and biological roles, relate glycosides to drugs, foods and toxicity in general terms, and support learning.

A molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond, with the non-sugar part called the aglycone, occurring widely in plants as pigments such as anthocyanins, flavour and defence compounds such as cyanogenic and cardiac glycosides, and as glucuronides in metabolism, and classified by sugar, by aglycone and by bond type as O-, N-, S- or C-glycosides; glycosides are important in pharmacology, food science and plant biochemistry, and some are toxic.

What it is for: Sugar-linked compounds with an aglycone.

It can be explain classification and chemistry; describe occurrence and roles; relate to drugs and toxicity generally; support learning.

Distinguishing features

Glycosidic bond

Sugar plus aglycone

Diverse aglycones

Hydrolysable

What it looks like

Not visible as molecules; often plant pigments and extracts.

How it is recognised

Sugar bound to an aglycone by a glycosidic bond

Plant pigments, defence compounds, metabolites

Free sugars and oligosaccharides lack a non-sugar aglycone

Related models

is a kind of - category

glycosyl compound

is related to - enzymes acting on related compounds

esterase

is related to - glycoside drugs

drug

is related to - another natural product class

morphinan alkaloid

In practice

Families and kinds

anthocyanins and flavonoid glycosides

cardiac glycosides

cyanogenic glycosides

alkaloid and saponin glycosides

glucuronides and other metabolic conjugates

Standards and regulation

Chemical nomenclature for glycosides

Drug regulation for glycoside medicines

Food safety limits for toxic glycosides

Failure modes and hazards

Poisoning from cardiac and cyanogenic glycosides in plants

Agents giving dosing or medical advice

Confusing glycosides with sugars

Also called

anthocyanidin 3-O-[6-O-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucoside]anthocyanidin 3-O-beta-D-glucosidecardiac glycosidealkaloid glycosideRetinoyl b-glucuronidemesueinflavonol 3-O-glycosidequercetin O-glucosideflavonol 3-O-[beta-D-xylosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-glycoside]sflavonol 3-O-[alpha-L-rhamnosyl-(1->6)-beta-D-glucoside]smorphine-6-glucuronide(RS)-amygdalinscutellarinsesquiterpene glycoside9-[2-carboxy-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-4-hydroxy-10-oxo-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-9H-anthracene-2-carboxylic acidphenol glycosideMethyl 6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylateMethyl 6-acetyloxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylateMethyl 6-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylatemethyl 7-methyl-5-oxo-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylateMonotropeineMethyl 7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate[4a,5-Dihydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,5,6,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl] acetate6-EpiharpagosideCatalpinoside7-Methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carbaldehyde2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[(5-hydroxy-7-methyl-3,9-dioxatricyclo[4.4.0.02,4]dec-7-en-10-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triolRhinanthin2-[(4,7-Dimethyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl)oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-trioliridoid glycosidesthiogalactosidesMethyl 2-(hexopyranosyloxy)-4-(2-oxoethyl)-3-vinyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylategentiopicrinretinoyl β-glucuronidesennoside Csennoside Dcyanogenic glycosideaminoglycosideaureolic acid2-Methyl-2-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}methyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}propanenitrile

+55

Where this came from

wikidata · CC0 1.0

Source repository Registry entry point

Also registered as vr.tr.glycoside

Drafted structure

Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 4 bundles · 8 layers · 8 findings · 16 questions.

Understand What glycosides are.

Chemistry.

Structure

Structure and classification.

Structure

Structure.

  1. How are glycosides built from a sugar and an aglycone, and how are they classified by bond type, sugar and aglycone? definition
  2. Which entry fits a specific class? action

Reactions

Formation and hydrolysis.

Reactions

Reactions.

  1. How are glycosides formed and hydrolysed chemically and enzymatically? definition
  2. Which entry fits glycosidases? action
Nature Natural occurrence.

Biology.

Plants

In plants.

Plants

Plants.

  1. What roles do glycosides play in plants as pigments, defence compounds and storage forms? provenance
  2. Which entry fits a specific plant? action

Metabolism

In metabolism.

Metabolism

Metabolism.

  1. How are glucuronides and other glycoside conjugates formed in animal metabolism? provenance
  2. Which entry fits drug metabolism? action
Use Drugs, food and toxicity.

General information.

Drugs

Glycoside medicines.

Drugs

Drugs.

  1. Which glycosides are used as drugs, such as cardiac glycosides, and how are they regulated? provenance
  2. Is the user asking about their own medication, which needs a clinician? boundary

Toxicity

Toxic glycosides.

Toxicity

Toxicity.

  1. Which plants contain toxic glycosides, and what do poison control services advise? provenance
  2. Is a poisoning emergency present now? boundary
Learn History and teaching.

Education.

History

History.

History

History.

  1. How were glycosides discovered and their structures determined? provenance
  2. Which references are standard? provenance

Teach

Teaching.

Teach

Teaching.

  1. How can glycosides be taught in organic chemistry and pharmacognosy? action
  2. Which misconceptions arise? provenance

What the second pass must settle

  • Should each class be a separate entry?
  • How should chemical databases be linked?
  • How should poison control information be linked?
Draft as JSON