streptomycin
Enable an agent to recognise streptomycin, assess evidence about its material identity and activity, and determine which handling or use decisions require additional evidence.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to recognise streptomycin, assess evidence about its material identity and activity, and determine which handling or use decisions require additional evidence.
Streptomycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Streptomyces griseus that binds the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, disrupting protein synthesis and exerting bactericidal activity against susceptible bacteria.
It can be Resolve a supplied name or identifier to streptomycin and flag salt or mixture ambiguity.; Compare material lots using compatible identity, content and potency evidence.; Calculate streptomycin-equivalent quantities when the salt composition and assay basis are established.; Assess storage or preparation deviations against material-specific stability evidence.; Link susceptibility results to the tested organism, method and interpretive standard.; Flag missing quality, hazard or authorisation evidence before a proposed use proceeds..
Distinguishing features
Match the molecular structure and stereochemistry to streptomycin; the parent substance has formula C21H39N7O12 and PubChem CID 19649, but formula alone does not establish identity. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Streptomycin)
Distinguish the parent substance, CAS 57-92-1, from streptomycin sulfate, CAS 3810-74-0; a salt identifier must not silently replace the parent identifier. [PubChem](https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/streptomycin)
Require an identity method capable of distinguishing related antibiotics rather than accepting antibacterial activity as proof of streptomycin identity.
Distinguish streptomycin as an ingredient from a combination preparation: the presence of streptomycin does not make the entire mixture this registered substance.
Distinguish salt mass from active-moiety strength: the referenced injection label expresses streptomycin sulfate content as an equivalent mass of streptomycin. [DailyMed](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=abd1f64e-4283-4370-aae8-3666316aa36e)
Scope
+ Molecular identity and distinctions between streptomycin, its salts and related antibiotics.
+ Streptomycin content, biological potency, impurities and analytical evidence.
+ Material form, preparation history and condition-dependent stability.
+ Antibacterial activity, susceptibility evidence and resistance context.
+ Substance hazards and evidence required to establish suitability for an intended use.
- Patient diagnosis, prescribing, dosing and treatment monitoring.
- Complete medicinal-product formulations, packaging and marketing authorisations.
- Cultivation and fermentation processes for producing organisms.
- Complete models of bacterial species, infections and resistance genes.
- Agricultural application programmes and environmental management plans.
Characteristics
- Chemical identity
- Verified structure, stereochemistry and substance identifiers Prevents substitution of a related antibiotic, salt or mixture for streptomycin.
- Salt and hydration form
- Parent substance or named salt; counterion ratio and hydration where established Determines which formula, mass basis and specification apply.
- Streptomycin content
- mg/g or mg/mL as streptomycin equivalent, with as-is or dry basis Makes quantity comparisons meaningful across salts, powders and solutions.
- Biological potency
- Assay-specific units per mg or mL, with method and reference standard Records measured biological activity separately from chemical content.
- Related substances and degradation products
- Named analyte concentrations or validated method-specific percentages Supports quality assessment without treating unidentified peaks as known compounds.
- Preparation condition
- Solid, dissolved or reconstituted; solvent, pH, concentration and preparation time Defines the actual material state to which stability evidence applies.
- Storage exposure
- Temperature in °C, elapsed time in hours or days, and documented moisture or light exposure Allows excursions to be assessed against evidence for the specific material.
- Organism-specific susceptibility
- Organism or isolate linked to method, MIC in mg/L where measured, and dated interpretation Prevents activity observed against one isolate from becoming a universal efficacy claim.
- Intended-use eligibility
- Supported, unsupported or unresolved for a named use, grade, jurisdiction and date Separates chemical identity from permission and suitability to use a particular material.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 28 questions.
Molecular identity and boundaries Establish what counts as streptomycin and how related material forms attach to this entry.
Streptomycin names occur on parent-substance records, salts and multicomponent products whose identities and quantities differ.
Parent substance identity
Anchor recognition to a verified molecular identity.
Structure-based recognition
Record the structure reference and identity evidence; a name match or positive antimicrobial assay is insufficient by itself.
- Which authoritative structure and stereochemical identifiers define streptomycin for this record? definition
- Which analytical evidence distinguishes the material from related antibiotics, including dihydrostreptomycin? measurement
Salts and preparations
Separate substance identity from the material or product containing it.
Form and component boundary
Associate a named salt or preparation with streptomycin without treating its entire composition as the parent substance.
- Does the record describe the parent substance, a specified salt, or streptomycin within a mixture? boundary
- What evidence establishes the counterion, stoichiometry and hydration needed to interpret the material? provenance
Content, potency and quality Describe how much streptomycin is present and how its quality has been demonstrated.
Salt mass, chemical assay and biological potency answer different questions and require explicit measurement bases.
Quantity and activity bases
Make concentration and potency results interpretable across material forms.
Comparable streptomycin amounts
Keep salt mass, streptomycin-equivalent content and biological potency distinct unless a documented conversion supports comparison.
- Is the reported amount salt mass, streptomycin-equivalent mass or biological potency, and on what moisture basis? measurement
- Which assay method and reference standard support the reported value or conversion? provenance
Impurities and grade
Connect analytical results to the requirements of a particular material grade.
Evidence for material acceptance
Record impurity evidence and applicable acceptance criteria; intended pharmaceutical use cannot be inferred from a reagent's substance name.
- Which related substances, degradation products and other contaminants were assessed, with what detection limits? measurement
- Which dated specification determines whether this streptomycin lot meets its claimed grade? provenance
Preparation and stability Track the condition of streptomycin material through storage and preparation.
Evidence for an unopened powder does not establish the usable life of every streptomycin solution.
Solid material condition
Relate the supplied salt or powder to its storage history and container conditions.
Storage evidence
Assess the identified material against its own storage requirements and stability evidence.
- Which storage conditions and expiry or retest date apply to this salt, grade and container? provenance
- Do documented temperature or moisture excursions require quarantine, reassay or another specified action? action
Solution condition
Record the preparation conditions that determine which solution-stability claims apply.
Prepared solution validity
Attach stability and compatibility evidence to a defined solvent, concentration, pH, container and time history.
- What are the streptomycin-equivalent concentration, solvent, pH and preparation time of the solution? measurement
- Which evidence supports its usable period and compatibility under the actual storage and mixing conditions? provenance
Antibacterial activity and resistance Represent biological activity as evidence tied to an organism and test context.
Streptomycin's antibiotic identity alone cannot establish susceptibility or suitability for a particular infection.
Activity evidence
Separate molecular mechanism claims from observed activity against a tested organism.
Mechanism and observed response
Maintain separate evidence for target-level action and measured inhibition or killing.
- Which primary evidence establishes streptomycin's bacterial ribosomal target and effect on protein synthesis? provenance
- Against which organism or isolate was activity measured, using what endpoint and experimental conditions? measurement
Susceptibility and resistance interpretation
Constrain interpretation to supported methods, standards and resistance evidence.
Bounded susceptibility claims
Preserve raw test results and distinguish interpreted susceptibility from inferred resistance mechanisms.
- Which current interpretive standard applies to this organism, streptomycin test method and use context, if any? boundary
- Is resistance supported by phenotype, a detected determinant or both, and what remains uncertain? provenance
Hazards and use eligibility Connect streptomycin-specific hazards and intended uses to the evidence needed for action.
A chemically identified streptomycin material may still lack the grade, exposure controls or authorisation required for a proposed use.
Exposure and toxicity
Record relevant hazard evidence without turning the substance model into a treatment protocol.
Auditory and vestibular hazards
Therapeutic labeling identifies ototoxicity, including vestibular effects; transfer of hazard information to a handling scenario requires explicit exposure context. [DailyMed](https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=abd1f64e-4283-4370-aae8-3666316aa36e)
- Which label or safety data sheet documents the hazards relevant to this material and exposure route? provenance
- Which handling controls or specialist review are required by that evidence for the proposed activity? action
Use-specific authority
Distinguish evidence of substance identity from evidence that a particular use is allowed and supported.
Eligible use context
Assess a named material and proposed use against applicable product records, grade requirements and jurisdiction-specific rules.
- Is the intended context human medicine, veterinary medicine, laboratory work or crop protection, and which neighbouring model owns the actual procedure? boundary
- Which dated authorisation and material-quality evidence support that use in the relevant jurisdiction? provenance
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This is recall-based information; no sources were consulted.
- Current treatment recommendations, product approvals, and agricultural permissions require jurisdiction-specific verification.
- Distinguish free-base quantities, sulfate-salt quantities, and biological potency when interpreting specifications.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Kinds and varieties
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Streptomycin free base
- Streptomycin sulfate
- Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- CAS Registry Number - 57-92-1 - Streptomycin free base.
- CAS Registry Number - 3810-74-0 - Streptomycin sulfate.
- Molecular formula - C21H39N7O12 - Composition of the free base; the sulfate salt has a different formula.
- WHO ATC - J01GA01 - Classification of streptomycin as an antibacterial for systemic use.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Treatment of selected susceptible bacterial infections, including plague and tularemia.
- Historical and selected combination-treatment use against tuberculosis.
- Suppression of bacterial contamination in laboratory cell culture, often paired with penicillin.
- Selection of streptomycin-resistant bacteria in laboratory experiments.
- Control of certain bacterial plant diseases, including fire blight, where agricultural use is authorized.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Molar mass of the free base - 581.57 - g/mol
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Ototoxicity, particularly vestibular injury, which can be irreversible.
- Nephrotoxicity; impaired renal clearance can increase exposure and toxicity.
- Neuromuscular blockade, potentially causing respiratory impairment.
- Fetal ototoxicity following exposure during pregnancy.
- Bacterial resistance through mechanisms including ribosomal alterations and antibiotic-inactivating enzymes.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Authorization and restrictions for agricultural use differ between jurisdictions.
- Availability and the antibiotic's place in treatment protocols vary by country.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Aminoglycoside antibiotic - The broader antibiotic class; streptomycin is one specific chemical member.
- Streptomycin sulfate - A sulfate salt of streptomycin, distinguished from the free base by its counterion and composition.
- Dihydrostreptomycin - A chemically reduced derivative of streptomycin and a distinct antibiotic substance.
- Streptomyces griseus - The producing bacterium, rather than the antibiotic molecule.
- Streptomycin injection - A formulated medicinal product with a specified strength and excipients, rather than the chemical substance itself.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of streptomycin this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the existing Vercy catalogue already contain a streptomycin model that this registry entry should reference as its single source of truth?
- Which current pharmacopeial or other authoritative specifications define identity, potency, impurities and water limits for the streptomycin forms represented?
- Which primary studies establish the relevant target interactions and resistance mechanisms, and how far can their findings be generalised across organisms?
- What stability and compatibility evidence exists for the particular salts, concentrations, solvents and containers the catalogue must support?
- Which jurisdictions and use contexts must be covered, and what current authorisations and susceptibility interpretation standards apply?