{ "model": { "rank": 6110, "code": "thing-q192795", "model_id": "vr.tr.coke", "name": "coke", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a coke material or lot, assess its condition and suitability for a specified use, and determine what handling, testing or processing is justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q192795/", "tier": 2, "score": 62, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "petroleum coke", "Koksik" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 62, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.coke-artifact", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q192795", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192795", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:34:59Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00695232, "turns": 1, "seconds": 34, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 71.4, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07ba5-596f-7923-abe7-7b5d633606af\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: coke\nRegistry id: vr.tr.coke\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model s" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q192795", "registryId": "vr.tr.coke", "name": "coke", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q192795/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.coke", "name": "coke", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a coke material or lot, assess its condition and suitability for a specified use, and determine what handling, testing or processing is justified.", "definition": "Coke is a solid, carbon-rich, porous residue obtained by heating coal or petroleum residuum in the substantial absence of air so that volatile matter is driven off, leaving a high-carbon fuel and reductant used mainly in metallurgy and as a carbon source.", "scope_statement": "This model owns coke as a physical carbonaceous material, including its production identity, composition, particle and pore structure, condition, and use-specific acceptance evidence; whether the registry intends both coal-derived and petroleum-derived coke remains unresolved.", "in_scope": [ "Material identity, feedstock origin and production history needed to distinguish coke grades", "Composition, moisture and contaminants relevant to a particular coke use", "Particle size, fines, pore structure and mechanical integrity", "Thermal and chemical behaviour supported by identified test methods", "Lot condition, handling constraints and evidence of suitability for an intended operation" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Coal, petroleum feedstocks, charcoal and other carbon materials as independently modelled substances", "Coke ovens, calciners and other production equipment", "Blast furnaces, foundries and electrode-manufacturing processes that consume coke", "Transport vehicles, storage facilities and dust-control equipment", "Commercial contracts and shipment administration", "Beverages or other non-material meanings of the name coke" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Check feedstock and production evidence to distinguish coke from untreated coal or petroleum residues; a black carbon-rich appearance alone is insufficient.", "Check documented material identity and applicable classification to distinguish coke from charcoal, carbon black and graphite.", "Check origin, processing stage and grade evidence before treating coal-derived coke and petroleum-derived coke as interchangeable.", "Check production records or corroborating tests before identifying petroleum coke as green or calcined.", "Check the intended-use specification and relevant performance tests before identifying a lot as metallurgical, foundry, electrode or fuel grade." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Feedstock origin", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Coal-derived, petroleum-derived, other documented origin, mixed or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Origin determines which identification questions, tests and candidate uses require consideration." }, { "name": "Processing stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented carbonization, calcination, quenching and subsequent treatment status", "why_it_matters": "A shared material name does not establish equivalent processing history or behaviour." }, { "name": "Lot and sample relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Material lot linked to parent lots, representative samples and test reports", "why_it_matters": "An agent must know which physical material a reported result actually represents." }, { "name": "Moisture content", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass %, with sampling time, method and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Moisture affects material accounting and may affect handling and process acceptance." }, { "name": "Proximate analysis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Ash, volatile matter and fixed carbon in mass %, with method and reporting basis", "why_it_matters": "Results support comparison only when the analytical definitions and bases are compatible." }, { "name": "Elemental composition and impurities", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % or mg/kg for specified elements, with analytical method and detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Sulfur, metals and other constituents may constrain a particular downstream use." }, { "name": "Particle size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass % by sieve interval in mm, including the specified fines fraction", "why_it_matters": "Size distribution supports decisions about screening, handling and process suitability." }, { "name": "Mechanical integrity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Strength, abrasion or fragmentation result with named test method and conditioning", "why_it_matters": "Resistance to breakage must be judged under conditions relevant to the proposed use." }, { "name": "Density and pore structure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Bulk, apparent or true density in kg/m³; porosity in %, each with method", "why_it_matters": "Different density and porosity measurements describe different aspects of coke and cannot be substituted without justification." }, { "name": "Reaction and thermal performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Use-specific reactivity, post-reaction strength or calorific-value results, with method, units and conditions", "why_it_matters": "Suitability depends on the intended operation and cannot be inferred from carbon content alone." }, { "name": "Current material condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Measured temperature; observed wetting, contamination, dust generation or heating; inspection time", "why_it_matters": "Current condition can invalidate earlier acceptance or require additional controls before movement or use." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify a coke lot provisionally from origin, processing evidence and test results.", "Request representative sampling and the tests needed for a specified coke application.", "Compare a lot with an explicit downstream specification and identify missing acceptance evidence.", "Evaluate screening, segregation, drying or blending against documented process constraints.", "Authorize, restrict or defer storage, transfer and use according to current condition and applicable handling evidence." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-wikipedia-coke-fuel", "title": "Coke (fuel)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel)", "what_it_supports": "Definition, production by carbonization of coal, uses in ironmaking, distinction from charcoal, kinds including metallurgical coke and petroleum coke.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "src-eia-petcoke", "title": "Petroleum coke explained", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Petroleum coke as a refinery product, fuel vs calcined grades, typical uses.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "src-iso-556", "title": "ISO 556:1980 - Coke (greater than 20 mm in size) - Determination of mechanical strength", "url": "https://www.iso.org/standard/4654.html", "what_it_supports": "ISO mechanical-strength test for lump coke.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "src-wikidata-q190227", "title": "Wikidata Q190227 - coke", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190227", "what_it_supports": "Canonical identifier for coke as a carbonaceous fuel/reductant.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "coke-identity-and-origin", "name": "Coke identity and origin", "description": "Establish what material the name coke denotes for this lot and which production history supports that identity.", "rationale": "Confusing coke families or processing stages can lead an agent to apply irrelevant tests or approve an unsuitable substitution.", "layers": [ { "id": "material-family", "name": "Material family", "description": "Resolve coke identity against neighbouring carbon materials and ambiguous trade names.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-coke-classification", "name": "Supported coke classification", "description": "Record the proposed coke family, the evidence supporting it and any unresolved alternative identification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What feedstock, production record or analytical evidence identifies this material as coke rather than coal, charcoal, carbon black or graphite?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-coke-classification-q01" }, { "text": "Does this registry entry include the identified coke family, or is its inclusion still an unresolved boundary?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-coke-classification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "production-and-lot-lineage", "name": "Production and lot lineage", "description": "Connect the physical lot to its production stage and subsequent transformations.", "findings": [ { "id": "processing-stage-and-mixtures", "name": "Processing stage and mixtures", "description": "Record documented thermal treatment, quenching, sizing and blending without inferring these from appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which records establish the lot's carbonization, calcination and quenching history, where applicable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "processing-stage-and-mixtures-q01" }, { "text": "Has this lot been screened, blended or mixed with another carbon material, and which parent lots remain traceable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "processing-stage-and-mixtures-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coke-composition-and-assay", "name": "Coke composition and assay", "description": "Represent the composition evidence needed to judge a coke lot without confusing sampling scope or analytical basis.", "rationale": "Coke acceptance can depend on moisture, ash, volatile matter and particular impurities, whose reported values require context.", "layers": [ { "id": "representative-analysis", "name": "Representative analysis", "description": "Establish which material was sampled and how its principal composition results should be interpreted.", "findings": [ { "id": "assay-basis-and-coverage", "name": "Assay basis and coverage", "description": "Tie moisture and proximate analysis to a sample, method, reporting basis and represented lot.", "questions": [ { "text": "How was the sample taken to represent the lot's particle sizes, moisture variation and possible segregation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "assay-basis-and-coverage-q01" }, { "text": "What are the moisture, ash, volatile matter and fixed-carbon results, and which methods and reporting bases were used?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "assay-basis-and-coverage-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-limiting-constituents", "name": "Use-limiting constituents", "description": "Identify the constituents that matter to the proposed consuming process.", "findings": [ { "id": "impurity-acceptance-evidence", "name": "Impurity acceptance evidence", "description": "Record measured impurities and relate their limits to a named application rather than a universal coke-quality ranking.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which sulfur, phosphorus, metal or other constituent limits does the intended operation specify, and what results address them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "impurity-acceptance-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Do detection limits, missing assays or incompatible reporting bases prevent an acceptance decision?", "kind": "action", "id": "impurity-acceptance-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coke-structure-and-performance", "name": "Coke structure and performance", "description": "Assess the physical form and tested behaviour that determine whether this coke can perform its intended role.", "rationale": "Composition alone cannot establish particle integrity, packing behaviour or performance under process conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "particle-and-pore-form", "name": "Particle and pore form", "description": "Describe the size distribution and internal structure relevant to handling and use.", "findings": [ { "id": "size-fines-and-density", "name": "Size, fines and density", "description": "Record measured particle fractions, density definitions and pore measurements with their application context.", "questions": [ { "text": "What sieve distribution and fines cutoff describe this lot, and were they measured before or after its latest transfer?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "size-fines-and-density-q01" }, { "text": "Which density or porosity measurement is required for the proposed use, and is a compatible result available?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "size-fines-and-density-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "service-relevant-testing", "name": "Service-relevant testing", "description": "Connect mechanical, reaction and thermal tests to the actual role proposed for the coke.", "findings": [ { "id": "performance-under-specified-conditions", "name": "Performance under specified conditions", "description": "Separate measured performance from grade labels and avoid transferring results between incompatible test conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which strength, abrasion, reactivity, post-reaction strength or thermal tests does this application require, and what methods and conditions define them?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "performance-under-specified-conditions-q01" }, { "text": "Do the available results support the proposed role, or is further testing required before substitution or use?", "kind": "action", "id": "performance-under-specified-conditions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "coke-condition-and-use-decisions", "name": "Coke condition and use decisions", "description": "Determine whether the lot's present condition permits handling, conditioning or use under an identified specification.", "rationale": "A previously acceptable assay does not establish that a changed, contaminated or thermally unsettled lot is ready for the next operation.", "layers": [ { "id": "current-condition-and-handling", "name": "Current condition and handling", "description": "Capture current temperature, wetting, contamination and dust observations together with applicable handling instructions.", "findings": [ { "id": "handling-readiness", "name": "Handling readiness", "description": "Identify condition evidence and material-specific instructions needed before storage or transfer.", "questions": [ { "text": "What measurements or observations establish the lot's temperature, heating trend, moisture condition, contamination and dust generation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "handling-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What restrictions or controls do the applicable safety data and site procedures require before this coke is moved, stored or fed?", "kind": "action", "id": "handling-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "acceptance-and-conditioning", "name": "Acceptance and conditioning", "description": "Make use decisions against a named destination and identify changes that require renewed evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "lot-disposition", "name": "Lot disposition", "description": "Record acceptance, restriction or deferral and the evidence required after screening, drying, blending or other treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which intended operation and specification support accepting, restricting or deferring this particular lot?", "kind": "action", "id": "lot-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "If screening, drying or blending is proposed, which properties must change and which sampling or tests must be repeated before release?", "kind": "action", "id": "lot-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "metallurgical coke (met coke)", "foundry coke", "petroleum coke (petcoke)", "calcined petroleum coke", "needle coke", "gas coke / town-gas coke", "breeze (coke fines)", "formcoke / formed coke" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q190227", "note": "coke (fuel); carbonaceous solid from coal carbonization" }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "65996-77-2", "note": "coke (coal); often used for coal-derived coke as a substance" }, { "scheme": "HS / Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "2704.00", "note": "coke and semi-coke of coal, lignite or peat" }, { "scheme": "HS / Harmonized System", "value_or_pattern": "2713.11 / 2713.12", "note": "petroleum coke, not calcined / calcined" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 556 (ISO) - mechanical strength of coke >20 mm", "ISO 556 / related coke test methods (ISO/TC 27) - size, moisture, ash, volatile matter, sulphur, CRI/CSR", "ASTM D5341 (ASTM) - coke reactivity index (CRI) and coke strength after reaction (CSR)", "EU Industrial Emissions Directive / BAT for coke ovens (European Commission) - emissions from coke-oven plants" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Blast-furnace ironmaking: burden support, fuel, and reductant (metallurgical coke).", "Foundry cupolas: melting iron (foundry coke, larger lumps).", "Petroleum coke as a boiler/cement-kiln fuel (fuel-grade petcoke) or as anode carbon after calcining (aluminium smelting).", "Needle coke for graphite electrodes in electric-arc furnaces." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "fixed carbon", "typical_range": "85-92 (met coke); 80-90 (fuel petcoke)", "unit": "mass %" }, { "quantity": "ash", "typical_range": "8-12 (met coke); <1 (anode-grade calcined petcoke)", "unit": "mass %" }, { "quantity": "CSR (coke strength after reaction)", "typical_range": "60-70 (good blast-furnace coke)", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "CRI (coke reactivity index)", "typical_range": "20-30 (good blast-furnace coke)", "unit": "%" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Coke-oven gas and dust: PAH, benzene, and particulate exposure at coke plants.", "Combustion of high-sulphur petcoke: SO2 and residual metals (Ni, V).", "Spontaneous heating of wet or fine coke in storage piles.", "Loss of CSR/CRI quality causing blast-furnace hanging, high fuel rate, or burden collapse." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UK/Commonwealth historically distinguished gas coke (from town-gas works) from hard metallurgical coke; the distinction has faded with the decline of gasworks.", "China and India produce large shares of global met coke; quality specs (CSR/CRI, ash, sulphur) vary by blast-furnace practice.", "Fuel-grade petcoke is widely burned in the US Gulf, India, and China cement/power plants; some jurisdictions restrict it as a fuel for sulphur/metals." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "charcoal", "difference": "Charcoal is the solid residue of wood/biomass pyrolysis; coke is from coal or petroleum. Charcoal is typically lower in ash of mineral origin but not used as blast-furnace burden support at industrial scale except in charcoal ironmaking." }, { "name": "coal", "difference": "Coal is the feedstock; coke is the carbonized product after volatile matter is driven off. Coke has much lower VM and is mechanically stronger and more porous." }, { "name": "graphite", "difference": "Graphite is a crystalline allotropic carbon; coke is largely amorphous/turbostratic carbon. Needle coke is an intermediate that is graphitized to make electrodes." }, { "name": "Coca-Cola / soft drink 'coke'", "difference": "Homonym only; the material is a solid carbonaceous fuel, not a beverage." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of coke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.coke cover both coal-derived and petroleum-derived coke, and which additional coke families, if any, belong within its authoritative boundary?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own this material concept or any proposed specialization?", "Which authoritative definitions and test methods should govern identification and comparison for each included coke family?", "Which downstream applications need explicit acceptance profiles, and who owns their thresholds and revision history?", "What evidence establishes sampling validity, retest triggers and handling constraints for each included coke family and condition?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 24 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a coke, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a coke material or lot, assess its condition and suitability for a specified use, and determine what handling, testing or processing is justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: petroleum coke, Koksik.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a coke, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "petroleum coke", "Koksik" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 62 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one coke from another, and a coke from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a coke sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a coke from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a coke is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a coke is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a coke is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a coke is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a coke is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a coke is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a coke passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a coke between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a coke, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a coke is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a coke and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a coke is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a coke performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a coke.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a coke at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a coke there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What coke is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name coke unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of coke exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How coke behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of coke, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is coke incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How coke can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is coke classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover coke, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a coke came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a coke and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a coke is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a coke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a coke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a coke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }