{ "model": { "rank": 6513, "code": "thing-q193512", "model_id": "vr.tr.region-of-finland", "name": "region of Finland", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Finnish region, assess its territorial and socioeconomic state, and route regional decisions to the appropriate authority.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.PLC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q193512/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q193512", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193512", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T15:00:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00692138, "turns": 1, "seconds": 39.1, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 81.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c61-1a8c-7793-8eaa-97f35b6205ff\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: region of Finland\nRegistry id: vr.tr.region-of-finland\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.PLC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entr" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q193512", "registryId": "vr.tr.region-of-finland", "name": "region of Finland", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.PLC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q193512/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.region-of-finland", "name": "region of Finland", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Finnish region, assess its territorial and socioeconomic state, and route regional decisions to the appropriate authority.", "definition": "A region of Finland (maakunta / landskap) is a statutory territorial unit used for regional development, planning and EU-programme administration, sitting between the national state and the municipalities.", "scope_statement": "This draft interprets vr.tr.region-of-finland as a maakunta / landskap territorial region, owning its dated identity, municipal composition, geographic extent, regional conditions and relationships to governing bodies; confirmation of that interpretation remains open.", "in_scope": [ "Official regional identity, multilingual names and dated classification codes", "Municipal membership, regional boundaries and territorial changes", "Relationships to regional councils, Åland institutions and overlapping administrative areas", "Regional population, settlement, accessibility and development conditions", "Territorial applicability of regional plans and development programmes" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Internal organisation, staffing and accounts of a regional council", "Municipal administration, local services and individual municipal decisions", "Wellbeing services county operations and individual healthcare provision", "Individual land parcels, ownership rights and development permits", "Historical provinces and cultural regions as independently modelled places", "Finland's national government and sovereign powers" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Resolve the candidate against a dated maakunta classification rather than accepting any area described as a region; Statistics Finland maintains this national classification. [Regions 2026](https://stat.fi/en/luokitukset/maakunta/maakunta_1_20260101)", "Distinguish the territorial region from the organisation representing it: matching regional and council names do not establish entity identity.", "Check municipal membership and effective dates before equating a modern region with a similarly named historical province or cultural area.", "Identify wellbeing services counties separately even where names or boundaries coincide; these are public corporations with service responsibilities. [Statistics Finland classification](https://stat.fi/en/luokitukset/hyvinvointialue/hyvinvointialue_1_20260101)", "Require a dated correspondence before treating a national region code, an ISO subdivision code and a NUTS code as interchangeable." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Regional classification identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Classification authority, edition, regional code and language-tagged names", "why_it_matters": "Disambiguates similarly named Finnish territories and organisations." }, { "name": "Temporal standing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Current, former, proposed or unresolved; effective interval", "why_it_matters": "Prevents historical regional arrangements from being applied to present decisions." }, { "name": "Constituent municipalities", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Municipality identities with membership intervals", "why_it_matters": "Supports territorial assignment and regional aggregation." }, { "name": "Territorial area", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km², separately identifying land, inland water and any included marine area", "why_it_matters": "Makes geographic comparisons and density calculations interpretable." }, { "name": "Institutional arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Mainland regional arrangement, Åland-specific arrangement or unresolved; dated legal basis", "why_it_matters": "Determines which institutional relationships require verification." }, { "name": "Competent authorities", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Authority linked to function, territorial coverage and effective interval", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to route a planning or development matter correctly." }, { "name": "Resident population", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons at a reference date, with regional boundary edition", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of regional scale and population change." }, { "name": "Settlement accessibility", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Travel minutes or reachable population share, specifying destination, mode and season", "why_it_matters": "Reveals differences concealed by regional averages, including island and remote-area access." }, { "name": "Regional planning coverage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Applicable instruments and their draft, adopted, effective, superseded or disputed status", "why_it_matters": "Identifies which territorial policy constraints need examination before action." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve a Finnish, Swedish or English place name to the appropriate dated regional identity.", "Assign a municipality or coordinate to a region using a verified membership table or boundary edition.", "Compare regional indicators after aligning dates, definitions and territorial coverage.", "Identify the authority and applicable regional instruments for a proposed territorial action.", "Trace how a municipal transfer or regional reorganisation affects geographic assignments and statistics.", "Flag unresolved institutional or boundary differences before making a region-dependent recommendation." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-finlex-132-1999", "title": "Regional Development Act (132/1999) and successor Regional Development and European Union Regional and Structural Policy Funding Act (756/2021)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Statutory basis of regions as development and planning territories.", "url_status": "dead" }, { "id": "src-tem-regions", "title": "Regions of Finland - Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment / Association of Finnish Local and Regional Authorities", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Current list and functions of the 19 regions including Åland.", "url_status": "dead" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "maakunta-identity", "name": "Maakunta identity", "description": "Recognise the intended Finnish regional unit across languages and classification editions.", "rationale": "The English word region does not uniquely identify a Finnish territorial category.", "layers": [ { "id": "regional-category", "name": "Regional category", "description": "Establish whether the candidate belongs to the intended maakunta category.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-membership", "name": "Classification membership", "description": "Record evidence that the candidate is a region in the relevant national classification.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this candidate denote a maakunta / landskap, or another kind of Finnish area?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which official classification edition establishes its identity at the requested date?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "classification-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-names-and-codes", "name": "Regional names and codes", "description": "Resolve multilingual names and identifiers without merging distinct territorial concepts.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-name-code-resolution", "name": "Dated name and code resolution", "description": "Associate names and identifiers with their issuing authority, language and validity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Finnish, Swedish and English names identify this region, and which are historical aliases?", "kind": "definition", "id": "dated-name-code-resolution-q01" }, { "text": "Which dated official correspondences connect its national code to NUTS or ISO identifiers?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-name-code-resolution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "municipal-territory", "name": "Municipal territory", "description": "Establish the region's municipal composition and usable geographic extent.", "rationale": "Regional assignments depend on municipal membership and boundary versions, not names alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "municipal-composition", "name": "Municipal composition", "description": "Identify constituent municipalities for a specific date.", "findings": [ { "id": "membership-at-date", "name": "Membership at date", "description": "Record which municipalities constitute the region and how membership is evidenced.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which municipalities belong to this region on the requested date?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "membership-at-date-q01" }, { "text": "Which official municipality-to-region correspondence supports that membership?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "membership-at-date-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-geometry", "name": "Regional geometry", "description": "Represent territorial extent sufficiently to answer location and area questions.", "findings": [ { "id": "boundary-and-water-treatment", "name": "Boundary and water treatment", "description": "Identify the boundary dataset and how it treats islands, inland waters and marine areas.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which boundary edition and coordinate reference system support point-to-region assignment?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "boundary-and-water-treatment-q01" }, { "text": "How does the selected boundary represent islands, inland waters and marine extent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "boundary-and-water-treatment-q02" }, { "text": "What land and water areas are measured, using which territorial definition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "boundary-and-water-treatment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-competence", "name": "Regional competence", "description": "Connect the territory to institutions and the functions they may exercise.", "rationale": "A region's geographic identity does not itself establish authority to deliver services or approve actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutional-arrangement", "name": "Institutional arrangement", "description": "Determine the applicable regional institutional framework.", "findings": [ { "id": "territory-authority-separation", "name": "Territory and authority separation", "description": "Link the regional place to competent institutions while keeping their identities separate.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which regional council or Åland institution is relevant to the function being considered?", "kind": "definition", "id": "territory-authority-separation-q01" }, { "text": "Which current legal instrument establishes that body's role for this territory?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "territory-authority-separation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "overlapping-jurisdictions", "name": "Overlapping jurisdictions", "description": "Distinguish regional coverage from municipal, service-county and state administrative coverage.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-specific-routing", "name": "Function-specific routing", "description": "Determine the responsible body for a concrete matter without inferring competence from geographic overlap.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does this region overlap the relevant wellbeing services counties, municipalities and state administrative areas?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "function-specific-routing-q01" }, { "text": "For the proposed action, which body has decision authority and which bodies must be consulted?", "kind": "action", "id": "function-specific-routing-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-conditions", "name": "Regional conditions", "description": "Assess population, settlement and development conditions at a defensible regional scale.", "rationale": "An agent needs evidence of territorial conditions before recommending regional priorities or comparing regions.", "layers": [ { "id": "population-and-access", "name": "Population and access", "description": "Assess demographic change and access across the region's settlements.", "findings": [ { "id": "settlement-pressure", "name": "Settlement pressure", "description": "Record population trends and accessibility differences without treating the regional average as universal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the region's population, age structure and recent population change on a consistent territorial basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "settlement-pressure-q01" }, { "text": "How does access to selected regional centres vary across remote, island and urban settlements by mode and season?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "settlement-pressure-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-planning", "name": "Development and planning", "description": "Connect regional conditions to applicable territorial plans and programmes.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-intervention-context", "name": "Regional intervention context", "description": "Identify evidenced development needs and instruments relevant to a proposed regional intervention.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which employment, economic or environmental indicators demonstrate the regional need being addressed?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "regional-intervention-context-q01" }, { "text": "Which regional plans or development programmes apply to the proposed location and activity?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "regional-intervention-context-q02" }, { "text": "What further municipal or sector-specific checks are required before recommending the intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "regional-intervention-context-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "regional-change-and-comparability", "name": "Regional change and comparability", "description": "Preserve territorial continuity and interpret data through regional changes.", "rationale": "Municipal transfers, mergers and classification revisions can change a region's apparent state without equivalent change on the ground.", "layers": [ { "id": "territorial-lineage", "name": "Territorial lineage", "description": "Track regional creation, merger, renaming and municipal transfers.", "findings": [ { "id": "regional-change-events", "name": "Regional change events", "description": "Record effective changes and their consequences for territorial identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which events changed this region's name, composition, extent or existence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "regional-change-events-q01" }, { "text": "Which official decisions establish each event's effective date and predecessor or successor relationships?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "regional-change-events-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "statistical-continuity", "name": "Statistical continuity", "description": "Determine whether regional observations can be compared or combined.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-regional-series", "name": "Comparable regional series", "description": "Separate observed change from changes in territorial coverage or statistical definitions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do the observations use contemporary boundaries, a fixed regional edition or a different statistical geography?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-regional-series-q01" }, { "text": "Should the agent reaggregate municipal data, use an official harmonised series or mark the comparison as unsupported?", "kind": "action", "id": "comparable-regional-series-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "mainland region (maakunta / landskap) under the Regional Development Act", "Åland (autonomous province with its own regional government)", "NUTS 3 statistical region coinciding with a maakunta", "hospital district / wellbeing-services-county successor area (not identical to every maakunta)", "historical province (historiallinen maakunta / historiskt landskap)", "regional council area (maakuntaliitto / landskapsförbund constituency)", "former province (lääni / län, abolished 2010)", "urban vs predominantly rural region as classified in national regional statistics" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q202027 (class: region of Finland); instances Q14101 etc.", "note": "Class item for the 19 current regions." }, { "scheme": "ISO 3166-2", "value_or_pattern": "FI-01 … FI-19", "note": "Subdivision codes for the 19 regions." }, { "scheme": "NUTS 2024 (Eurostat)", "value_or_pattern": "FI1xx / FI2xx at NUTS 3; FI currently 19 NUTS 3 units matching regions", "note": "Statistical regions aligned with maakunnat." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Regional Development and EU Regional and Structural Policy Funding Act 756/2021 (Eduskunta / TEM) - duties of regional councils", "Act on Regional Councils and related Local Government Act 410/2015 (Kuntalaki) - legal personality of maakuntaliitot", "Act on the Autonomy of Åland 1144/1991 - Åland as a distinct autonomous region", "ISO 3166-2:FI (ISO) - codes FI-01-FI-19", "EU NUTS Regulation 2016/2066 as applied in Finland (Eurostat / Statistics Finland)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Regional councils (maakuntaliitot) draw regional land-use plans (maakuntakaava) and manage ERDF/ESF+ programmes", "Statistics Finland and Eurostat publish labour-market, GDP and population series by region", "Emergency and hospital catchment historically used overlapping but not identical hospital districts; wellbeing services counties (hyvinvointialueet, 2023) now deliver health and social care on a related but separate map", "Tourism, chambers of commerce and sports federations brand themselves by region (e.g. Lapland, North Karelia)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "count of current statutory regions", "typical_range": "19 (18 mainland + Åland)", "unit": "1" }, { "quantity": "population per region", "typical_range": "about 30 000 (Åland) to 1.7 million (Uusimaa)", "unit": "persons" }, { "quantity": "land area per region", "typical_range": "about 1 500 km² (Åland) to 90 000+ km² (Lapland)", "unit": "km²" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Confusing maakunta with hyvinvointialue leads to wrong health-care or rescue jurisdiction", "Using abolished lääni (province) names in addresses or statistics after 2009/2010", "Åland treated as an ordinary mainland region, ignoring autonomy, Swedish language and separate EU status nuances", "NUTS 2 vs NUTS 3 mix-ups when allocating structural funds or comparing GDP" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Swedish-language names (landskap) are co-official; Åland uses Swedish as sole official language", "Kainuu briefly ran a self-government experiment (2005-2012) unlike other mainland regions", "Sami homeland (Sápmi) overlays northern parts of Lapland and is not a maakunta" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "municipality (kunta / kommun)", "difference": "A region is a union of municipalities; cadastral addresses and local self-government sit at kunta level." }, { "name": "wellbeing services county (hyvinvointialue)", "difference": "21 counties plus Helsinki handle health, social and rescue services from 2023; they are not the 19 maakunnat (Uusimaa is split; Helsinki is separate)." }, { "name": "historical province (historialliset maakunnat)", "difference": "Cultural/heraldic units (e.g. Satakunta, Tavastia) that do not match current administrative borders." }, { "name": "former province (lääni / län)", "difference": "State administrative provinces abolished 1 Jan 2010; replaced by regional state administrative agencies (AVI), not by maakunnat." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of region of Finland this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend specifically the modern maakunta / landskap category, and should former regions be instances of the same model?", "Which legal sources establish the current division of regional responsibilities, including the specific treatment required for Åland?", "Which authoritative boundary product should govern island and marine extent, and how should conflicts with municipal membership data be resolved?", "Which official, versioned crosswalks establish national-region correspondence with NUTS and ISO classifications across historical changes?", "Which regional condition indicators and decision thresholds are appropriate for the intended agent tasks, and where would regional averages conceal material local differences?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "place or geographic feature", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a region of Finland, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to identify a Finnish region, assess its territorial and socioeconomic state, and route regional decisions to the appropriate authority.", "characteristics": { "substance": "place", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "fixed", "scale": "geographic" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "entered, crossed or travelled along" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a region of Finland, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a portion of the world with an extent", "physicalCharacter": [ "On the scale of a landscape, measured in kilometres.", "Stays where it was put; moving it is a project.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "enter it, cross it, travel along it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by extent on the ground and by position, not by appearance. Two places that look alike are told apart by where they are." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one region of Finland from another, and a region of Finland from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a region of Finland sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a region of Finland from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a region of Finland is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples at geographic scale.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a region of Finland is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a region of Finland is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a region of Finland is, how it got there and where it may go (fixed).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a region of Finland is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a region of Finland is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a region of Finland passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a region of Finland between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a region of Finland, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a region of Finland is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a region of Finland and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a region of Finland is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a region of Finland performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a region of Finland.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a region of Finland at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "extent-and-geometry", "name": "Extent, geometry and naming", "description": "Where region of Finland is, how far it reaches, and what it is called.", "rationale": "A boundary is claimed by an authority rather than observed in the world, so the claimant belongs in the record with the geometry.", "layers": [ { "id": "geometry", "name": "Geometry and reference system", "description": "Coordinates, extent and the frame they are given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "geometry-record", "name": "Geometry, precision and frame", "description": "What is recorded about position and shape, and to what accuracy.", "questions": [ { "id": "geometry-record-q01", "text": "What geometry describes region of Finland, in which coordinate reference system, at what precision?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "geometry-record-q02", "text": "Which authority publishes that geometry, and who publishes a different one?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "names", "name": "Names and endonyms", "description": "What it is called in different languages and by different parties.", "findings": [ { "id": "naming-record", "name": "Names and who uses them", "description": "Official names, local names and contested names.", "questions": [ { "id": "naming-record-q01", "text": "By what names is region of Finland known, in which languages, and which are official to whom?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "naming-record-q02", "text": "Where naming is contested, what should an agent record instead of choosing?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "containment-and-access", "name": "Containment, jurisdiction and access", "description": "What region of Finland sits inside, who governs it, and who may enter.", "rationale": "Administrative containment decides which rules apply, and it changes without the place moving.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment", "name": "Administrative containment", "description": "The units it belongs to and the date each holds from.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-record", "name": "Containing units and effective dates", "description": "Where it sits administratively and since when.", "questions": [ { "id": "containment-record-q01", "text": "Which administrative units contain region of Finland, and since when does each containment hold?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "containment-record-q02", "text": "Which containment is disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "access", "name": "Access and permitted use", "description": "Who may enter or use it and under what conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and their source", "description": "Entry, use and restriction, with the rule behind each.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "Who may enter or use region of Finland, under what conditions, and by whose rule?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "What seasonal or conditional closure applies, and how is it announced?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a region of Finland came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a region of Finland and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a region of Finland is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a region of Finland, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a region of Finland, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a region of Finland is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 53 } } } }