{ "model": { "rank": 5346, "code": "thing-q194", "model_id": "vr.tr.rings-of-saturn", "name": "rings of Saturn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Saturn's ring system, assess evidence about its structure and changing state, and plan observations or spacecraft interactions with explicit uncertainty.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q194/", "tier": 2, "score": 68, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 68, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q194", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T22:10:45Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 24.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08838-3c69-7731-9ad6-bf5a7fdf9edc\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rings of Saturn\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.SPC\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08838-3c62-7f52-a78b-87e26ea40eca\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: rings of Saturn\nRegistry id: vr.tr.rings-of-saturn\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.SPC\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q194", "registryId": "vr.tr.rings-of-saturn", "name": "rings of Saturn", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.SPC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q194/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.rings-of-saturn", "name": "rings of Saturn", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Saturn's ring system, assess evidence about its structure and changing state, and plan observations or spacecraft interactions with explicit uncertainty.", "definition": "The rings of Saturn are a system of predominantly water-ice particles, with smaller amounts of non-icy material, orbiting Saturn in a thin, approximately equatorial disk structured by gravity, collisions, and interactions with its moons.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the rings of Saturn as a planetary system of orbiting particulate material, including named ring components, diffuse extensions, gaps, embedded structures and processes that maintain or alter them.", "in_scope": [ "Identity and membership of Saturn's named rings, divisions, gaps and diffuse ring material", "Radial, vertical and azimuthal structure in a declared Saturn-centred reference frame", "Particle composition, size distribution and collective optical properties", "Orbital dynamics, collisions and interactions with Saturn and its moons", "Observed variability, evolutionary hypotheses and ring-specific observation or encounter constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Saturn's interior, atmosphere and magnetosphere except their interactions with ring material", "Saturn's moons as complete bodies, including their geology and independent orbital histories", "Planetary rings around other bodies except as explicitly labelled comparisons", "Spacecraft and telescope engineering beyond requirements imposed by ring observations or encounters", "Administrative territories, populations and terrestrial boundary claims" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is the particulate ring system orbiting Saturn, rather than Saturn's atmospheric bands or a feature projected onto the planet.", "A candidate component must have evidence of ring-system membership; apparent proximity to Saturn in an image is insufficient.", "Named rings and diffuse extensions belong to the aggregate system, while a moon remains a separate body even when embedded in or interacting with a ring.", "Gaps and divisions describe structure within the ring system and must not automatically be interpreted as completely empty regions.", "Apparent width and brightness must be distinguished from physical extent and material abundance because viewing and illumination geometry affect their appearance." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Registry identity and component designation", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "vr.tr.rings-of-saturn; sourced ring, division, gap or feature designation", "why_it_matters": "Keeps component observations attached to the registered aggregate without creating competing identities." }, { "name": "Radial extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km from Saturn's centre; reference frame, epoch and edge criterion required", "why_it_matters": "Locates material and separates physical edges from observation-dependent detection limits." }, { "name": "Vertical extent", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m or km relative to a specified ring reference plane; component and uncertainty required", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a thin main-ring structure from local vertical disturbances or diffuse material." }, { "name": "Normal optical depth", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "dimensionless; wavelength, spatial resolution and retrieval method required", "why_it_matters": "Supports comparisons of ring transparency without treating brightness as a direct mass measurement." }, { "name": "Particle size distribution", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "particle radius in m with distribution form, sampled range and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Connects observations to scattering, collision behaviour and spacecraft encounter hazards." }, { "name": "Material composition", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "detected or inferred constituents; component, diagnostic and confidence recorded", "why_it_matters": "Separates supported compositional evidence from assumptions about unobserved particle interiors." }, { "name": "Surface mass density", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg/m²; inference method, spatial support and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Supports dynamical interpretation while preserving the distinction between mass and optical appearance." }, { "name": "Dynamical association", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "ring feature linked to a moon, resonance or Saturn forcing term; evidence and alternative explanations", "why_it_matters": "Allows an agent to evaluate explanations for gaps, waves and confinement." }, { "name": "Temporal feature state", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "detected, not detected, unresolved or unobserved at a stated epoch and sensitivity", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a missing observation from being mistaken for physical disappearance." }, { "name": "Observation geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "ring opening, phase and incidence angles in degrees; observer, epoch and illuminated side", "why_it_matters": "Makes observations comparable and supports predictions of visibility and occultation." } ], "affordances": [ "Assign an observation to the ring system, a named component or an unresolved region with supporting evidence.", "Compare ring profiles across epochs after accounting for geometry, wavelength and resolution.", "Evaluate competing explanations for a gap, wave, clump or transient feature.", "Plan imaging, spectroscopy or occultation observations that discriminate between ring-specific hypotheses.", "Assess a proposed spacecraft trajectory against uncertain ring-particle distributions and encounter conditions.", "Update component boundaries or evolutionary interpretations while retaining prior evidence and unresolved alternatives." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "ring-membership-and-extent", "name": "Ring membership and extent", "description": "Identifies what belongs to Saturn's ring system and how its components occupy space.", "rationale": "Named rings, gaps and faint extensions require different membership and boundary criteria.", "layers": [ { "id": "component-identity", "name": "Component identity", "description": "Relates accepted designations and observational features to the registered ring system.", "findings": [ { "id": "named-component-membership", "name": "Named component membership", "description": "Record each component's designation, naming source and relationship to the aggregate without treating every feature as a separate registered thing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which named ring, division, gap or diffuse component does this record describe, and which source establishes that designation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "named-component-membership-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence places the observed material or feature within Saturn's ring system rather than identifying it as a moon, atmospheric feature or background object?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "named-component-membership-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "physical-and-detected-boundaries", "name": "Physical and detected boundaries", "description": "Describes ring extent using explicit coordinates and observation-dependent edge criteria.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-edge-definition", "name": "Component edge definition", "description": "Record radial and vertical limits separately for each component, distinguishing sharp transitions from sensitivity-limited diffuse boundaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What Saturn-centred frame, reference plane and epoch locate the reported radial and vertical extent?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "component-edge-definition-q01" }, { "text": "Does each reported edge represent a material transition, a naming convention or the detection threshold of a particular observation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "component-edge-definition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "particles-and-material-inventory", "name": "Particles and material inventory", "description": "Characterises the material making up individual ring regions and the limits of its inferred inventory.", "rationale": "Optical appearance, particle populations and mass are related but cannot be substituted for one another.", "layers": [ { "id": "particle-properties", "name": "Particle properties", "description": "Connects composition and particle-size estimates to the observations that constrain them.", "findings": [ { "id": "composition-and-size-evidence", "name": "Composition and size evidence", "description": "Record constituent and size-distribution estimates by ring region, including whether diagnostics probe particle surfaces or constrain bulk properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which spectral, scattering or in situ measurements constrain the constituents of this ring region?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "composition-and-size-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What particle-size range is constrained, and which assumptions about shape, porosity or surface texture affect that estimate?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "composition-and-size-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "optical-and-mass-distributions", "name": "Optical and mass distributions", "description": "Separates ring transparency from the amount and distribution of material.", "findings": [ { "id": "optical-depth-and-mass-inference", "name": "Optical depth and mass inference", "description": "Maintain distinct estimates of optical depth, surface mass density and integrated mass with their spatial coverage and retrieval assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what wavelength and resolution was normal optical depth estimated, and were opaque or unresolved regions censored?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "optical-depth-and-mass-inference-q01" }, { "text": "What independent evidence constrains surface density or mass, and how much does the estimate depend on the assumed particle population?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "optical-depth-and-mass-inference-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "orbital-structure-and-forcing", "name": "Orbital structure and forcing", "description": "Represents the mechanisms proposed to organise ring material into edges, gaps, waves and local structures.", "rationale": "Ring morphology must be connected to dynamical evidence before an agent can explain or predict it.", "layers": [ { "id": "moon-and-saturn-coupling", "name": "Moon and Saturn coupling", "description": "Tracks proposed relationships between ring structures and gravitational or electromagnetic forcing.", "findings": [ { "id": "feature-forcing-association", "name": "Feature forcing association", "description": "Link a gap, edge or wave to a proposed perturber or forcing process while recording the strength and specificity of the evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which moon, resonance or Saturn-related forcing process is proposed to explain this feature, and what establishes the association?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "feature-forcing-association-q01" }, { "text": "Do the feature's location, pattern speed and temporal behaviour match the proposed mechanism within uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "feature-forcing-association-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "collective-particle-dynamics", "name": "Collective particle dynamics", "description": "Addresses collisions, self-gravity and transport within the ring material.", "findings": [ { "id": "local-structure-and-transport", "name": "Local structure and transport", "description": "Record evidence for collective structures and material transport without assuming that a visible pattern moves with individual particles.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the tracked feature an orbiting material concentration, a propagating pattern or an unresolved combination?", "kind": "definition", "id": "local-structure-and-transport-q01" }, { "text": "Which observations constrain collision behaviour, self-gravity or radial transport in this ring region?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "local-structure-and-transport-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "variability-and-evolution", "name": "Variability and evolution", "description": "Separates observed ring changes from hypotheses about origin, age and long-term survival.", "rationale": "Short observation windows and uncertain material histories make evolutionary conclusions especially dependent on assumptions.", "layers": [ { "id": "observed-feature-changes", "name": "Observed feature changes", "description": "Tracks transient and recurring features against observation coverage and sensitivity.", "findings": [ { "id": "change-versus-visibility", "name": "Change versus visibility", "description": "Record appearances, disappearances and changes in features such as spokes or clumps only after considering geometry and detection limits.", "questions": [ { "text": "Across which epochs was this feature detected, and were intervening observations sensitive enough to establish its absence?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "change-versus-visibility-q01" }, { "text": "Could illumination, viewing geometry or processing differences explain the apparent change?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "change-versus-visibility-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "origin-and-material-exchange", "name": "Origin and material exchange", "description": "Organises hypotheses about ring formation and subsequent gains, losses and redistribution of material.", "findings": [ { "id": "evolutionary-hypothesis-constraints", "name": "Evolutionary hypothesis constraints", "description": "Keep formation age, particle residence time and surface exposure age distinct, and connect each evolutionary scenario to measurable constraints.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does a quoted age refer to ring-system formation, a component, particle material or surface exposure?", "kind": "definition", "id": "evolutionary-hypothesis-constraints-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements of mass, contamination or material exchange support the proposed history, and which rates are assumed constant?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "evolutionary-hypothesis-constraints-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observation-and-encounter-decisions", "name": "Observation and encounter decisions", "description": "Turns ring-system evidence into defensible observation plans and spacecraft encounter assessments.", "rationale": "Ring geometry governs both what an instrument can infer and where a spacecraft may encounter material.", "layers": [ { "id": "observation-design", "name": "Observation design", "description": "Selects geometry and measurement methods appropriate to a specific unresolved ring property.", "findings": [ { "id": "discriminating-ring-observation", "name": "Discriminating ring observation", "description": "Specify the component, observable and sensitivity needed for an imaging, spectral or occultation measurement to resolve a stated uncertainty.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which ring opening angle, illumination geometry, wavelength and spatial resolution are needed to distinguish the competing explanations?", "kind": "action", "id": "discriminating-ring-observation-q01" }, { "text": "What calibration, occultation geometry or comparison observation is required to interpret the result?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "discriminating-ring-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "spacecraft-material-intersection", "name": "Spacecraft material intersection", "description": "Evaluates proposed trajectories against the distribution and uncertainty of ring particles.", "findings": [ { "id": "encounter-exposure-estimate", "name": "Encounter exposure estimate", "description": "Assess trajectory intersections using component-specific particle populations, relative velocities and uncertainties, including regions that appear as gaps.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and when does the trajectory intersect observed or plausible ring material, and at what relative velocity?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "encounter-exposure-estimate-q01" }, { "text": "What additional particle constraints or trajectory changes are needed before the encounter satisfies the mission's stated risk criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "encounter-exposure-estimate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The rings' age and origin remain debated; avoid presenting a single formation date or scenario as settled.", "Dimensions depend on which ring components are included; faint outer material extends far beyond the main rings.", "Numerical ranges here are approximate recall, not source-checked measurements." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Dense main rings, especially the A and B rings", "Less opaque rings, including the C ring", "Faint inner rings, including the D ring", "Narrow rings and ringlets, including the F ring", "Diffuse dusty rings, including the E and G rings" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Conventional planetary ring letter designations", "value_or_pattern": "Saturn D, C, B, A, F, G, and E rings", "note": "Listed outward from Saturn; letters reflect discovery history rather than radial order." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Natural laboratory for studying orbital resonances, collisions, and the dynamics of particulate disks.", "Ring waves provide evidence about Saturn's internal oscillations and structure.", "Stellar and radio occultations measure ring structure and opacity.", "Observations of the E ring help investigate material supplied by Enceladus." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Radial extent of the main C, B, and A rings, measured from Saturn's center", "typical_range": "Approximately 75000-137000", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Vertical thickness of much of the dense main ring disk", "typical_range": "Order of 10-100, with local structures and diffuse rings extending farther vertically", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Particle sizes commonly associated with the main rings", "typical_range": "Approximately centimeters to meters; finer dust and larger embedded bodies also occur", "unit": "size scale" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ring particles pose impact hazards to spacecraft crossing occupied regions.", "Collisions, gravitational torques, and material loss continually alter the rings; their present structure is not permanent." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Particle density, optical depth, composition, and structure vary substantially with distance from Saturn.", "Moon resonances and embedded moonlets produce gaps, waves, wakes, and localized disturbances.", "The diffuse E ring differs from the dense main rings and is supplied substantially by Enceladus's plume material." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Saturn", "difference": "Saturn is the central planet; its rings consist of separate material orbiting outside its atmosphere." }, { "name": "Saturn's moons", "difference": "Moons are individually coherent natural satellites; the rings are predominantly distributed particle populations, although embedded moonlets blur the boundary." }, { "name": "Cassini Division", "difference": "The Cassini Division is a relatively depleted region between the A and B rings, not the whole ring system or a completely empty gap." }, { "name": "Planetary rings", "difference": "Planetary rings are the general class; the rings of Saturn are the particular system orbiting Saturn." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of rings of Saturn this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which authoritative component nomenclature and boundary references should govern the main rings and faint extensions within this registry entry?", "How strongly do available observations constrain particle sizes, porosity and non-ice constituents across different ring regions?", "Which ring-mass estimates remain compatible when their spatial coverage, dynamical assumptions and uncertainties are compared?", "Which formation and age hypotheses are supported by current evidence, and how do uncertain contamination, recycling and material-loss rates affect them?", "Where are particle distributions and temporal coverage too poorly constrained to support reliable spacecraft encounter assessments?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a rings of Saturn, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Saturn's ring system, assess evidence about its structure and changing state, and plan observations or spacecraft interactions with explicit uncertainty.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a rings of Saturn, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 68 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one rings of Saturn from another, and a rings of Saturn from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a rings of Saturn sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a rings of Saturn from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a rings of Saturn is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a rings of Saturn is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a rings of Saturn is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a rings of Saturn is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a rings of Saturn is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a rings of Saturn is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a rings of Saturn passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a rings of Saturn between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a rings of Saturn, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a rings of Saturn is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What rings of Saturn is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does rings of Saturn perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise rings of Saturn, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How rings of Saturn is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does rings of Saturn have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does rings of Saturn need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about rings of Saturn is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about rings of Saturn hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern rings of Saturn, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a rings of Saturn came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a rings of Saturn and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a rings of Saturn is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a rings of Saturn, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a rings of Saturn, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a rings of Saturn is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }