{ "model": { "rank": 6750, "code": "thing-q194181", "model_id": "vr.tr.war-reparations", "name": "war reparations", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize war-reparation claims and arrangements, assess their justification and fulfillment, and identify supported next actions and unresolved disputes.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.KNW", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q194181/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "reparations of Japan for World War II" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q194181", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194181", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:25:46Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 26.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887c-edef-75f0-833f-0761f13a34b6\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: war reparations\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: INF.KNW\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 63.3, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a0887c-edf8-7cb1-8832-d98df32139d0\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: war reparations\nRegistry id: vr.tr.war-reparations\nPlane / domain: INF / INF.KNW\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q194181", "registryId": "vr.tr.war-reparations", "name": "war reparations", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.KNW" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q194181/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.war-reparations", "name": "war reparations", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognize war-reparation claims and arrangements, assess their justification and fulfillment, and identify supported next actions and unresolved disputes.", "definition": "War reparations are payments, transfers of property, or other remedial measures undertaken to redress harm caused by war, with their legal basis, beneficiaries, and scope determined by the applicable settlement or responsibility regime.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the concept of war reparations and the attributes needed to describe particular demands, obligations, settlements, and deliveries intended to redress harm attributed to war, while keeping asserted entitlement separate from established obligation.", "in_scope": [ "War-related harms identified as grounds for reparation", "Claimants, beneficiaries, responsible parties, and payment intermediaries", "Asserted and established bases of reparation obligations", "Forms, valuation, allocation, and timing of reparative measures", "Negotiation, adjudication, delivery, verification, and disputed closure" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The conduct and causes of the war itself", "General reconstruction and humanitarian assistance without an explicit reparative basis", "Criminal punishment and prosecution of individual perpetrators", "Ordinary sovereign borrowing and debt service unrelated to reparations", "General theories of state responsibility or transitional justice beyond their application to war reparations" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The demand or arrangement explicitly connects a reparative measure to identified war-related harm; temporal proximity to a war alone is insufficient.", "It identifies an asserted bearer of responsibility and intended recipients, distinguishing reparations from assistance based only on need or solidarity.", "A demand, negotiated commitment, binding determination, and completed delivery are distinguishable states rather than interchangeable evidence of an obligation.", "A transfer is assessed by its stated basis and treatment under the relevant arrangement; a fine, territorial transfer, seized asset, or debt cancellation is not automatically a reparation.", "Payment to a state and redress reaching affected people are recorded separately, preventing an interstate settlement from being mistaken for verified individual compensation." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "War and harm nexus", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Identified conflict, harmful conduct, affected interests, and asserted causal connection", "why_it_matters": "Determines what makes the claim a war-reparation claim and which losses it addresses." }, { "name": "Basis of entitlement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Treaty or settlement; judicial or arbitral determination; legislation or administrative programme; unilateral commitment; contested demand; other specified basis", "why_it_matters": "Separates the claimant's position from the authority and terms supporting an obligation." }, { "name": "Parties and recipient relationship", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Claimant, alleged or established obligor, beneficiary, representative, administrator, and successor relationships", "why_it_matters": "Shows who may claim, who must perform, and who is intended to receive redress." }, { "name": "Claim and performance status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Asserted; under negotiation; under determination; agreed or awarded; partly performed; disputed; suspended; claimed complete; verified complete", "why_it_matters": "Prevents a political demand or announced settlement from being treated as delivered redress." }, { "name": "Reparative form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Money; restitution of property; goods or services; rehabilitation; acknowledgment or other nonmonetary measure; mixed; disputed classification", "why_it_matters": "Determines what performance consists of and whether monetary comparison is meaningful." }, { "name": "Claimed, determined, and delivered value", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Separate amounts in specified currencies and valuation dates, or physical units for in-kind delivery; unknown where unestablished", "why_it_matters": "Allows comparison without conflating demands, awards, and actual transfers." }, { "name": "Coverage and exclusions", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Included and excluded harms, persons, territories, and periods, with the governing criteria", "why_it_matters": "Reveals whose losses an arrangement recognizes and whose remain outside it." }, { "name": "Performance schedule", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Due dates, installments, grace periods, and elapsed delay under specified terms", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of timely performance and outstanding commitments." }, { "name": "Finality and contestation", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Unresolved; partly settled; settlement asserted as final; finality contested; closed within specified scope", "why_it_matters": "Makes closure conditional on the claims, parties, and authority actually covered." } ], "affordances": [ "Distinguish a reparation demand from an established obligation and from completed performance.", "Trace claimed harm through evidence, responsibility assertions, and the instrument defining redress.", "Compare reparation terms while preserving differences in beneficiaries, valuation dates, and covered losses.", "Reconcile scheduled performance with verified transfers and beneficiary receipt.", "Identify excluded claims, contested deductions, and unresolved questions of settlement scope.", "Identify the documented procedure and competent authority for review, implementation, or dispute resolution." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "war-harm-and-reparative-boundary", "name": "War harm and reparative boundary", "description": "Establishes which conflict-related harms the proposed redress addresses and why the measure is classified as reparative.", "rationale": "War reparations cannot be recognized from a postwar transfer alone; the harm connection and reparative basis must be explicit.", "layers": [ { "id": "conflict-and-loss-coverage", "name": "Conflict and loss coverage", "description": "Defines the conflict, periods, territories, and kinds of loss attached to the claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "identified-war-related-harm", "name": "Identified war-related harm", "description": "Record the alleged harm and its asserted connection to the war without treating that connection as already established.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which conflict, conduct, period, and territory does the claim concern, and what harm is alleged?", "kind": "definition", "id": "identified-war-related-harm-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the causal connection, and which parts remain contested?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identified-war-related-harm-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "reparation-versus-adjacent-transfers", "name": "Reparation versus adjacent transfers", "description": "Tests the distinction between reparative measures and other wartime or postwar transfers.", "findings": [ { "id": "explicit-reparative-character", "name": "Explicit reparative character", "description": "Record who characterizes the measure as reparations and how the governing terms distinguish it from aid, punishment, restitution, or debt settlement.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which instrument or actor identifies this measure as redress for war-related harm?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "explicit-reparative-character-q01" }, { "text": "If the measure also provides reconstruction aid, restitution, or debt relief, what portion or function is expressly reparative?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "explicit-reparative-character-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "responsibility-entitlement-and-recipients", "name": "Responsibility, entitlement, and recipients", "description": "Connects responsibility claims and supporting authority to the parties entitled or intended to receive redress.", "rationale": "The party demanding reparations, the party receiving payment, and the people harmed may differ.", "layers": [ { "id": "basis-and-obligor", "name": "Basis and obligor", "description": "Separates allegations of responsibility from commitments and determinations that establish performance terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-obligation-status", "name": "Supported obligation status", "description": "Record the proposed or established obligor, the basis invoked, and the status of any determination or acceptance.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who is alleged or determined to bear responsibility, and what instrument or argument supports that attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-obligation-status-q01" }, { "text": "Is the obligation demanded, accepted, adjudicated, or disputed, and by which parties?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-obligation-status-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "claimant-and-beneficiary-standing", "name": "Claimant and beneficiary standing", "description": "Identifies who presents claims, who represents others, and who qualifies for receipt.", "findings": [ { "id": "representation-and-eligibility", "name": "Representation and eligibility", "description": "Record the relationship between claimants and beneficiaries, including the rules governing representation, inheritance, or succession where relevant.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who may submit a claim, who is intended to benefit, and what authority supports any representative's role?", "kind": "definition", "id": "representation-and-eligibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which eligibility, succession, or inheritance rules include or exclude affected people and institutions?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "representation-and-eligibility-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "remedy-design-and-valuation", "name": "Remedy design and valuation", "description": "Describes the promised redress, its valuation, and its allocation across eligible losses and beneficiaries.", "rationale": "An aggregate headline amount cannot explain what is repaired, how value was calculated, or who receives it.", "layers": [ { "id": "forms-and-loss-matching", "name": "Forms and loss matching", "description": "Connects each reparative measure to the loss or interest it is intended to address.", "findings": [ { "id": "specified-reparative-performance", "name": "Specified reparative performance", "description": "Record monetary and nonmonetary measures separately, including any permitted substitution between them.", "questions": [ { "text": "What money, property, goods, services, or nonmonetary acts are demanded or promised for each covered harm?", "kind": "definition", "id": "specified-reparative-performance-q01" }, { "text": "Who may approve substitution when the original property cannot be returned or the promised measure cannot be delivered?", "kind": "action", "id": "specified-reparative-performance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "valuation-and-allocation", "name": "Valuation and allocation", "description": "Records how losses and performance are valued and how available redress is distributed.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-and-distributable-value", "name": "Comparable and distributable value", "description": "Keep claimed losses, determined awards, allocation limits, and delivery credits distinct, with their calculation assumptions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which valuation date, currency, price basis, interest rule, and in-kind conversion method apply to each amount?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-and-distributable-value-q01" }, { "text": "How do caps, priorities, proportional reductions, or earlier compensation affect allocations and possible double recovery?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-and-distributable-value-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "delivery-and-beneficiary-receipt", "name": "Delivery and beneficiary receipt", "description": "Tracks the resources, schedule, administration, and evidence needed to establish performance.", "rationale": "A signed settlement, a transfer to an administrator, and redress received by beneficiaries are different milestones.", "layers": [ { "id": "funding-and-performance-terms", "name": "Funding and performance terms", "description": "Identifies the specified funding mechanism and conditions governing delivery.", "findings": [ { "id": "scheduled-and-funded-commitments", "name": "Scheduled and funded commitments", "description": "Record installments, funding sources, conditions, and any authorized modifications to performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What amounts or measures fall due when, and through which specified funding and delivery mechanisms?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "scheduled-and-funded-commitments-q01" }, { "text": "Which procedure can authorize deferral, rescheduling, or changes to the form of performance?", "kind": "action", "id": "scheduled-and-funded-commitments-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transfer-and-distribution-verification", "name": "Transfer and distribution verification", "description": "Follows performance from the obligor through intermediaries to intended recipients.", "findings": [ { "id": "verified-receipt-and-credit", "name": "Verified receipt and credit", "description": "Distinguish amounts sent, accepted as performance, retained for administration, and received by beneficiaries.", "questions": [ { "text": "What records verify each transfer, delivery, or nonmonetary act and its receipt by the relevant party?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "verified-receipt-and-credit-q01" }, { "text": "How much has been credited against the obligation, and how much has demonstrably reached intended beneficiaries?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "verified-receipt-and-credit-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "contestation-enforcement-and-closure", "name": "Contestation, enforcement, and closure", "description": "Captures disputes about entitlement or performance and the precise scope of any claimed settlement.", "rationale": "Reparations may remain disputed after payment, and closure for one party or category of harm need not settle every related claim.", "layers": [ { "id": "disputes-and-available-procedures", "name": "Disputes and available procedures", "description": "Identifies unresolved issues and the mechanisms documented for addressing them.", "findings": [ { "id": "contested-issues-and-competent-forum", "name": "Contested issues and competent forum", "description": "Record objections, alleged nonperformance, and the authority and access conditions of any relevant procedure.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which aspects of responsibility, eligibility, valuation, or performance are disputed, and what evidence supports each position?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contested-issues-and-competent-forum-q01" }, { "text": "What negotiation, review, adjudication, or enforcement procedure is available, and who is entitled to initiate it?", "kind": "action", "id": "contested-issues-and-competent-forum-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "settlement-finality-and-residual-claims", "name": "Settlement finality and residual claims", "description": "Defines what an asserted discharge or final settlement actually covers.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-closure", "name": "Bounded closure", "description": "Record the parties, harms, periods, and claims covered by closure, together with reservations and contested interpretations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What instrument or verified performance supports closure, and exactly which parties and claims does it cover?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-closure-q01" }, { "text": "Which claims remain reserved, excluded, or contested despite the asserted settlement?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-closure-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "War reparations are a legal and political mechanism and subject of study, not ordinarily a distinct discipline; the supplied domain classification merits review.", "Historical settlement obligations and reparation for internationally wrongful acts have different legal foundations; do not assume every war loss creates an enforceable compensation claim.", "This is recall rather than source-verified research; check each instrument's applicability and each settlement's claimant rules before using these statements for a particular case." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Monetary compensation", "Restitution of seized property", "Deliveries of goods or equipment in kind", "Provision of services or reconstruction work", "Individual victim reparations", "Collective reparations for affected communities" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Hague Convention IV of 1907, Article 3: provides for compensation, where appropriate, for violations of its annexed Regulations by a belligerent party.", "Additional Protocol I of 1977 to the Geneva Conventions, Article 91: addresses compensation and responsibility for acts committed by persons forming part of a party's armed forces.", "International Law Commission Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, 2001: articulate full reparation through restitution, compensation, and satisfaction; the articles are not themselves a treaty.", "United Nations General Assembly Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation, 2005: provide a nonbinding framework for victims of gross human rights violations and serious international humanitarian law violations." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Setting and administering interstate obligations in peace settlements.", "Returning cultural objects and other property seized during conflict.", "Compensating individuals, businesses, or states through claims commissions.", "Funding rehabilitation, reconstruction, or collective remedies for affected populations.", "Historical arrangements include German reparations after the First World War and United Nations Compensation Commission awards arising from Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Compensation awarded or paid", "typical_range": "No general range; depends on the settlement, eligible harm, valuation date, and currency basis.", "unit": "Specified currency" }, { "quantity": "Share of assessed obligations discharged", "typical_range": "0-100% of a specified assessment", "unit": "%" }, { "quantity": "Duration of payment obligations", "typical_range": "Settlement-specific; may extend over decades.", "unit": "years" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Disputes over responsibility, causation, eligible claimants, and valuation of losses.", "Nonpayment or weak enforcement when political cooperation or recoverable assets are lacking.", "Fiscal and foreign-exchange pressures associated with obligations exceeding payment capacity.", "Unequal access to remedies, including exclusion caused by documentation requirements.", "Political resentment and renewed grievances when arrangements are perceived as punitive or inequitable." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "European settlements after the two world wars used differing combinations of money, goods, industrial assets, and restitution.", "Post-Second World War settlements involving Japan included bilateral arrangements with some Asian states using goods and services.", "Domestic victim-reparation programmes and international claims mechanisms differ in whether individuals can claim directly or must rely on their state." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Reparations", "difference": "The broader category covers redress for many kinds of wrong; war reparations concern harm associated with war." }, { "name": "War indemnity", "difference": "Historically can denote a payment imposed on a defeated state without a victim-centred assessment of harm; terminology overlaps with war reparations." }, { "name": "Postwar reconstruction aid", "difference": "Aid supports recovery without necessarily acknowledging or discharging responsibility for the harm." }, { "name": "Restitution", "difference": "Restitution restores property or a prior situation and is one possible form of reparation." }, { "name": "Economic sanctions", "difference": "Sanctions seek to constrain or influence conduct; reparations seek to redress harm." }, { "name": "Transitional justice", "difference": "Transitional justice encompasses accountability and institutional responses to past abuses; reparations are one possible component." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of war reparations this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should this registry concept encompass both interstate war settlements and individual or collective victim-reparation programmes, and which researched terminology best distinguishes them?", "Where should historical war indemnities, occupation costs, and compulsory resource transfers fall when their stated purposes combine compensation, extraction, and punishment?", "Which authoritative sources establish the boundaries of nonmonetary war reparations relative to broader transitional-justice measures?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already own reparations or an equivalent concept, requiring this entry to link to it rather than duplicate it?", "How should contested state succession, historical waivers, and claims of settlement finality be represented without selecting one disputed interpretation as fact?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "discipline or field of knowledge", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a war reparations, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognize war-reparation claims and arrangements, assess their justification and fulfillment, and identify supported next actions and unresolved disputes.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: reparations of Japan for World War II.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a war reparations, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says" ], "howItIsRecognised": [], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "reparations of Japan for World War II" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one war reparations from another, and a war reparations from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a war reparations sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a war reparations from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a war reparations passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a war reparations between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a war reparations, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a war reparations is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a war reparations says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a war reparations contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a war reparations and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "subject-and-method", "name": "Subject matter and method", "description": "What war reparations studies and how it establishes anything.", "rationale": "A field is identified by its questions and its methods, and those are what distinguish it from the fields next to it.", "layers": [ { "id": "subject", "name": "Subject matter", "description": "The questions it takes as its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "subject-record", "name": "Questions and objects of study", "description": "What it is about, stated so a neighbouring field can be told apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "subject-record-q01", "text": "What questions and objects does war reparations take as its own?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "subject-record-q02", "text": "Which questions does it share with a neighbouring field, and who claims them?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "method", "name": "Method and evidence", "description": "How claims are established and what counts as evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "method-record", "name": "Methods and standards of evidence", "description": "The methods used and what they are taken to establish.", "questions": [ { "id": "method-record-q01", "text": "By what methods does war reparations establish claims, and what counts as sufficient evidence?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "method-record-q02", "text": "What kind of claim can this field not settle, and where should an agent look instead?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "institutions-and-classification", "name": "Institutions and classification", "description": "Where war reparations is practised and how catalogues place it.", "rationale": "The institutional footprint is the evidence that a field exists as a field rather than as a topic.", "layers": [ { "id": "institutions", "name": "Institutional markers", "description": "Societies, journals, degrees and departments.", "findings": [ { "id": "institution-record", "name": "Bodies and venues", "description": "Where the field organises itself.", "questions": [ { "id": "institution-record-q01", "text": "Which societies, journals or degrees mark war reparations as an established field?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "institution-record-q02", "text": "What would show that it is emerging or dissolving rather than established?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification", "name": "Classification schemes", "description": "Where library and research classifications put it.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-record", "name": "Codes and their disagreements", "description": "The classification codes that place it, and where they differ.", "questions": [ { "id": "classification-record-q01", "text": "Which classification schemes place war reparations, under what codes?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classification-record-q02", "text": "Where do those schemes disagree about its scope?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a war reparations came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a war reparations and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a war reparations is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a war reparations, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a war reparations, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a war reparations is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }