{ "model": { "rank": 9380, "code": "thing-q194435", "model_id": "vr.tr.vitamin-deficiency", "name": "vitamin deficiency", "purpose": "Let an agent explain vitamin deficiencies in general terms, relay symptoms, causes and public health measures from clinical and public health sources, distinguish dietary from inherited and malabsorptive forms, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q194435/", "tier": 2, "score": 48, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "familial isolated deficiency of vitamin E", "pyridoxine deficiency anemia", "vitamin K deficiency in birds", "vitamin metabolic disorder", "biotin deficiency", "Chlorosis", "ascorbic acid deficiency", "vitamin B deficiency", "hypovitaminosis", "vitamin A deficiency", "vitamin K deficiency", "niacin deficiency", "pyridoxine deficiency", "vitamin E deficiency", "pantothenic acid deficiency", "phrynoderma", "vitamin A deficiency with conjunctival xerosis", "obsolete vitamin A deficiency with corneal xerosis", "vitamin A deficiency with xerophthalmic corneal scar", "hereditary hypercarotenemia and vitamin A deficiency" ], "aliasCount": 20, "merged": 20, "knownIn": 48, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q194435", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194435", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T21:40:42Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q194435", "registryId": "vr.tr.vitamin-deficiency", "name": "vitamin deficiency", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q194435/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.vitamin-deficiency", "name": "vitamin deficiency", "purpose": "Let an agent explain vitamin deficiencies in general terms, relay symptoms, causes and public health measures from clinical and public health sources, distinguish dietary from inherited and malabsorptive forms, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "definition": "A nutritional disorder caused by insufficient intake, absorption or metabolism of one or more vitamins, producing conditions such as scurvy from vitamin C deficiency, rickets and osteomalacia from vitamin D, beriberi from thiamine, pellagra from niacin, pernicious anaemia from vitamin B12 and night blindness from vitamin A; deficiencies arise from poor diet, malabsorption, increased needs, inherited metabolic disorders and some medicines, and are diagnosed and treated clinically.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a category of disease.", "affordances": [ "explain kinds and causes in general terms", "relay recognised signs and risk groups", "relay public health measures such as fortification", "route personal diagnosis and supplementation to clinicians" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Specific to each vitamin", "Dietary, malabsorptive or inherited causes", "Often reversible with treatment", "Public health prevention by fortification" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; presentations range from fatigue and skin changes to bone deformity and neurological signs.", "visual_identification": [ "Disease from lack of a specific vitamin", "Named syndromes per vitamin", "Mineral deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition are separate categories" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "scurvy, rickets, beriberi, pellagra and pernicious anaemia", "vitamin A deficiency and night blindness", "folate and B6 deficiencies", "vitamin K deficiency, including in newborns and in animals", "inherited vitamin metabolism disorders such as familial isolated vitamin E deficiency", "deficiencies in animals as a veterinary category" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "nutritional deficiency disease", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "nutrition disorder", "why": "the broader group" }, { "relation": "is prevented by", "target": "food fortification", "why": "a public health measure" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "mineral deficiency", "why": "a separate category" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "E50-E56", "note": "vitamin deficiencies" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "5B55-5B5K", "note": "vitamin deficiencies" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Dietary reference intakes from national bodies", "WHO guidance on micronutrient deficiencies", "Food fortification regulations", "Supplement labelling rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Missed diagnosis in at-risk groups", "Harm from excessive supplementation", "Agents giving personal supplementation advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What vitamin deficiencies are.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition and kinds.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What vitamin deficiencies exist, and which diseases do they cause?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user asking about their own symptoms or supplements, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "causes", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "findings": [ { "id": "causes-finding", "name": "Causes", "description": "Causes.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes deficiencies, from diet and malabsorption to inherited disorders and medicines?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific deficiency disease?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "clinical", "name": "Clinical", "description": "Recognition and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "signs", "name": "Signs", "description": "Signs and risk groups.", "findings": [ { "id": "signs-finding", "name": "Signs", "description": "Signs.", "questions": [ { "text": "What signs and risk groups do clinical sources describe for each deficiency?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation free of personal medical advice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are deficiencies diagnosed and treated, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "public", "name": "Public health", "description": "Prevention.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "burden", "name": "Burden", "description": "Global burden.", "findings": [ { "id": "burden-finding", "name": "Burden", "description": "Burden.", "questions": [ { "text": "What do WHO and studies report about the prevalence of deficiencies worldwide, with sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Fortification and programmes.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevention-finding", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What fortification and supplementation programmes exist, and what evidence supports them?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits food fortification?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "History and animals.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History of discovery.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How were vitamins and deficiency diseases discovered, from scurvy to beriberi?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the history of nutrition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "animals", "name": "Animals", "description": "Veterinary deficiencies.", "findings": [ { "id": "animals-finding", "name": "Animals", "description": "Animals.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do vitamin deficiencies affect livestock, poultry and pets, per veterinary sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits animal nutrition?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each named deficiency disease be a separate entry?", "How should reference intakes be linked by country?", "The registry entry has merged aliases for rare inherited disorders and animal deficiencies; should they be split off?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a vitamin deficiency, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain vitamin deficiencies in general terms, relay symptoms, causes and public health measures from clinical and public health sources, distinguish dietary from inherited and malabsorptive forms, and route personal questions to clinicians.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: familial isolated deficiency of vitamin E, pyridoxine deficiency anemia, vitamin K deficiency in birds, vitamin metabolic disorder, biotin deficiency, Chlorosis, ascorbic acid deficiency, vitamin B deficiency, hypovitaminosis, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin K deficiency, niacin deficiency.", "20 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 48 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a vitamin deficiency, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "familial isolated deficiency of vitamin E", "pyridoxine deficiency anemia", "vitamin K deficiency in birds", "vitamin metabolic disorder", "biotin deficiency", "Chlorosis", "ascorbic acid deficiency", "vitamin B deficiency", "hypovitaminosis", "vitamin A deficiency", "vitamin K deficiency", "niacin deficiency" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 48 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 20 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one vitamin deficiency from another, and a vitamin deficiency from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a vitamin deficiency sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a vitamin deficiency from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a vitamin deficiency passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a vitamin deficiency between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a vitamin deficiency, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a vitamin deficiency is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What vitamin deficiency is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of vitamin deficiency are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is vitamin deficiency operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of vitamin deficiency and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of vitamin deficiency?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as vitamin deficiency?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a vitamin deficiency came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a vitamin deficiency and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a vitamin deficiency is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a vitamin deficiency, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a vitamin deficiency, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a vitamin deficiency is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }