{ "model": { "rank": 2267, "code": "thing-q19563", "model_id": "vr.tr.alkaline-earth-metal", "name": "alkaline earth metal", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an alkaline earth metal, assess the condition of a particular material and determine which handling, transformation or use decisions its recorded evidence supports.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q19563/", "tier": 2, "score": 110, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 110, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q19563", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19563", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:15:18Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0097648, "turns": 1, "seconds": 155, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 72.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b8f-d11c-7381-a785-7eea5f95019a\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: alkaline earth metal\nRegistry id: vr.tr.alkaline-earth-metal\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into thi" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q19563", "registryId": "vr.tr.alkaline-earth-metal", "name": "alkaline earth metal", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19563/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.alkaline-earth-metal", "name": "alkaline earth metal", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an alkaline earth metal, assess the condition of a particular material and determine which handling, transformation or use decisions its recorded evidence supports.", "definition": "An alkaline earth metal is any of the six IUPAC Group 2 s-block elements (Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra) with a closed ns² valence configuration, which form predominantly M²⁺ cations and basic oxides historically called alkaline earths, with metallic and ionic character increasing down the group.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity and characteristic behaviour of Group 2 metallic elements - beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium - and the composition, physical condition and reactive state of material represented as one of those metals, while distinguishing elemental metal from alloys, compounds and dissolved ions.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of the Group 2 element and evidence supporting that identification", "Elemental-metal content, impurities and boundaries between metal, alloy and compound", "Physical form, phase and surface alteration of a material specimen", "Element-specific chemical behaviour under recorded environmental conditions", "Material properties and hazards that constrain handling, storage, processing and use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed identities and behaviour of alkaline earth compounds, minerals and dissolved ions", "Alloy design and properties of mixtures that require their own material models", "Mining, refining and manufacturing workflows as complete processes", "Biological roles, exposure assessment and clinical management", "Radioactive decay chains, radiation facilities and waste-management systems" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Elemental identity must resolve to Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Ra; metallic appearance or alkaline reaction products alone do not establish membership.", "Group 2 membership distinguishes these elements from Group 1 alkali metals; similar names or water reactivity are insufficient identification tests.", "Evidence must distinguish elemental metal from an oxide, hydroxide, salt or dissolved ion containing the same element; detecting calcium, for example, does not establish calcium metal.", "A material containing an alkaline earth element must be assessed for alloy or mixture status before the whole material is classified as that elemental metal.", "Weak or absent reaction in a particular test does not alone exclude Group 2 identity; element, surface condition and test conditions must be recorded." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Elemental identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "beryllium | magnesium | calcium | strontium | barium | radium | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Establishes membership and prevents family-level expectations from substituting for element-specific evidence." }, { "name": "Identity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to analytical results, material certificates or other identification records", "why_it_matters": "Makes recognition traceable and exposes conflicts between labels and measurements." }, { "name": "Elemental-metal mass fraction", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Mass fraction or mass %, with method, uncertainty and sampling basis", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes metal content from total elemental content, including that present in compounds." }, { "name": "Impurity and alloying composition", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Constituent mass fractions, with detection limits", "why_it_matters": "Supports the boundary between an elemental-metal specimen and an alloy and helps explain altered behaviour." }, { "name": "Physical form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "bulk piece | sheet | ribbon | turnings | powder | other recorded form", "why_it_matters": "Surface exposure and dispersibility affect reaction, processing and exposure decisions." }, { "name": "Particle size or exposed surface", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Particle-size distribution in µm or mm; exposed area in m² or specific surface area in m²/kg", "why_it_matters": "Allows observations on finely divided material to be distinguished from observations on bulk metal." }, { "name": "Surface condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Freshly exposed | characterised surface film | visibly altered | contaminated | unknown, with evidence", "why_it_matters": "Surface layers can change observed behaviour without changing the identity of the underlying metal." }, { "name": "Temperature and phase", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Temperature in K or °C; solid | liquid | vapour | mixed | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Properties and permitted operations depend on the material's current physical state." }, { "name": "Contact environment", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to contacting gases, liquids, solids or protective media, with humidity, temperature and duration where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Connects deterioration and compatibility judgements to actual exposure conditions." }, { "name": "Isotopic and radiological characterisation", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Isotope fractions and activity in Bq or Bq/g where relevant; unknown explicitly recorded", "why_it_matters": "Supports isotope-dependent restrictions, particularly for radium, that chemical identity alone cannot resolve." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a specimen as a particular Group 2 metal or flag insufficient or conflicting evidence.", "Assess whether alteration or mixing requires representation as a composite, alloy or compound.", "Compare measured behaviour with references matched to element, form and conditions.", "Evaluate proposed storage media and contact materials against documented compatibility evidence.", "Determine whether cutting, grinding, heating or chemical transformation is supported by the recorded material state and applicable controls.", "Select additional characterisation needed before accepting a material for an intended use." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "greenwood-earnshaw-1997", "title": "Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed. (N. N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw; Butterworth-Heinemann)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Group 2 electronic structure, periodic trends, reactivity with water and air, and the historical meaning of alkaline earths as the oxides." }, { "id": "iupac-red-book-2005", "title": "Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, IUPAC Recommendations 2005 (Red Book) (IUPAC; Royal Society of Chemistry)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Official IUPAC Group 2 numbering and the membership of the group as Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Ra." }, { "id": "crc-handbook", "title": "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (CRC Press / Taylor & Francis)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Typical ranges for ionization energy, density, melting point, ionic radius and standard potentials of the Group 2 metals." }, { "id": "wikipedia-aem", "title": "Alkaline earth metal (Wikimedia Foundation)", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal", "what_it_supports": "Conventional membership of the group, common uses, and the distinction from alkali metals and rare-earth metals.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "group-two-identity", "name": "Group 2 identity and material boundary", "description": "Establishes which alkaline earth element is represented and whether the material is actually in elemental-metal form.", "rationale": "An element name, a positive elemental analysis and a metallic specimen are different assertions that must not be conflated.", "layers": [ { "id": "element-membership", "name": "Element membership", "description": "Resolves identity within the six Group 2 elements.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-element-assignment", "name": "Supported element assignment", "description": "Records the proposed elemental identity and the evidence needed to accept it.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba or Ra is represented, and does the record describe an element type or a particular specimen?", "kind": "definition", "id": "supported-element-assignment-q01" }, { "text": "Which analytical result or traceable material record supports that identity, and are there contradictory observations?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-element-assignment-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "metal-compound-alloy-boundary", "name": "Metal, compound and alloy boundary", "description": "Separates elemental metal from materials that merely contain the element.", "findings": [ { "id": "elemental-metal-status", "name": "Elemental-metal status", "description": "Establishes whether the specimen is predominantly metal, a metal with alteration products or a material requiring a neighbouring model.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence distinguishes elemental metal from oxides, hydroxides, salts or other compounds containing the same element?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "elemental-metal-status-q01" }, { "text": "Do alloying constituents or compound phases require a linked alloy, mixture or compound model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "elemental-metal-status-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "metal-form-and-condition", "name": "Metal form and condition", "description": "Captures the bulk and surface states that determine how a specimen behaves.", "rationale": "A bulk piece, powder and surface-altered specimen of the same element can support different handling and performance decisions.", "layers": [ { "id": "bulk-form-and-phase", "name": "Bulk form and phase", "description": "Records geometry, particle scale and thermal state.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-specific-physical-properties", "name": "Condition-specific physical properties", "description": "Connects the specimen's form and measured properties to the conditions under which they apply.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the material's physical form, dimensions or particle-size distribution, temperature and phase?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-specific-physical-properties-q01" }, { "text": "Which density, conductivity or mechanical-property evidence applies to this element, purity, form and temperature?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-specific-physical-properties-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "surface-film-and-alteration", "name": "Surface film and alteration", "description": "Distinguishes the metallic interior from surface products and contamination.", "findings": [ { "id": "surface-controlled-condition", "name": "Surface-controlled condition", "description": "Records surface alteration and whether it explains changes in observed behaviour.", "questions": [ { "text": "What surface film or contamination has been identified, and what is known about its extent or thickness?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "surface-controlled-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes whether the surface layer limits further reaction under the recorded conditions?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "surface-controlled-condition-q02" }, { "text": "At what observed extent of alteration should the specimen be represented as metal plus reaction products rather than as an unqualified metal?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "surface-controlled-condition-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "element-specific-reactivity", "name": "Element-specific reactivity", "description": "Organises evidence about chemical behaviour without treating all alkaline earth metals as interchangeable.", "rationale": "Group membership alone cannot establish reaction rate, compatibility or the effect of a surface film.", "layers": [ { "id": "air-and-water-response", "name": "Air and water response", "description": "Records behaviour during contact with oxygen, humidity, liquid water or steam.", "findings": [ { "id": "environment-conditioned-reaction", "name": "Environment-conditioned reaction", "description": "Connects reaction observations to the specific element, form, surface and exposure conditions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What reaction, temperature change, gas evolution or material loss was observed during a documented air, moisture, water or steam exposure?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "environment-conditioned-reaction-q01" }, { "text": "Which element, particle scale, surface condition, temperature and exposure duration does that observation cover?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "environment-conditioned-reaction-q02" }, { "text": "What additional evidence is needed before using the observation to judge a proposed exposure?", "kind": "action", "id": "environment-conditioned-reaction-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "chemical-contact-and-conversion", "name": "Chemical contact and conversion", "description": "Assesses proposed contacts and transformations using evidence specific to the metal.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-chemical-compatibility", "name": "Supported chemical compatibility", "description": "Records compatibility and transformation evidence for identified contacting substances.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented evidence covers contact with the proposed acid, base, solvent, gas or solid at the intended concentration and temperature?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-chemical-compatibility-q01" }, { "text": "Which reaction products, heat release or gas generation must be accounted for before permitting the proposed contact?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-chemical-compatibility-q02" }, { "text": "When conversion occurs, which resulting compounds or mixtures need their own linked models?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "supported-chemical-compatibility-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-use-eligibility", "name": "Handling and use eligibility", "description": "Relates the metal's identity and current condition to storage, processing and application decisions.", "rationale": "The family includes materially different chemical, exposure and radiological concerns, so permission to act must depend on the identified element and specimen.", "layers": [ { "id": "element-and-form-specific-controls", "name": "Element and form-specific controls", "description": "Links hazards and controls to the actual metal, including dust-generating operations and relevant isotopes.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-handling-envelope", "name": "Supported handling envelope", "description": "Records the conditions under which proposed handling or storage is supported by applicable evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which current material-specific sources establish the controls for this element and form, including beryllium exposure or radium radiological controls where applicable?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-handling-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "Are the proposed atmosphere, protective medium and container materials supported for this metal's condition and intended storage duration?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-handling-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "Would cutting, grinding or heating change the form or exposure conditions enough to require reassessment?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-handling-envelope-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "fitness-for-intended-operation", "name": "Fitness for intended operation", "description": "Tests whether the recorded specimen can support a stated processing step or material function.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-acceptance", "name": "Use-specific acceptance", "description": "Connects intended performance to verified composition, surface condition and physical properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which limits on metal content, impurities, surface alteration and physical form does the intended operation require?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "use-specific-acceptance-q01" }, { "text": "Which measurements demonstrate that this specimen meets those limits?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-acceptance-q02" }, { "text": "Can the proposed operation proceed on the available evidence, or which unresolved condition requires further characterisation?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-acceptance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "beryllium (Be): small, highly polarizing cation and largely covalent chemistry", "magnesium (Mg)", "calcium (Ca)", "strontium (Sr)", "barium (Ba)", "radium (Ra): radioactive member of the group", "light alkaline-earth metals (Be, Mg), as distinguished in materials and organometallic chemistry", "heavy alkaline-earth metals (Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra), as distinguished in inorganic and geochemical practice" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q19564", "note": "Item for the alkaline earth metal group, not a single element." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC periodic-table group", "value_or_pattern": "2", "note": "Current group number; members Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra." }, { "scheme": "CAS group notation (obsolete)", "value_or_pattern": "IIA", "note": "Still seen in older US textbooks; same six elements." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC element symbols", "value_or_pattern": "Be | Mg | Ca | Sr | Ba | Ra" }, { "scheme": "atomic number", "value_or_pattern": "4 | 12 | 20 | 38 | 56 | 88" }, { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "7440-41-7 (Be); 7439-95-4 (Mg); 7440-70-2 (Ca); 7440-24-6 (Sr); 7440-39-3 (Ba); 7440-14-4 (Ra)", "note": "Elemental metals, not compounds." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "IUPAC Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (Red Book, 2005) and the IUPAC Periodic Table of the Elements - Group 2 membership and naming (IUPAC).", "OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1024 - occupational exposure to beryllium (United States Department of Labor).", "IARC Monographs on beryllium and beryllium compounds - classified as carcinogenic to humans, Group 1 (International Agency for Research on Cancer).", "IAEA International Basic Safety Standards and national radiation-protection law - control of 226Ra, 228Ra and 90Sr as bone-seeking radionuclides.", "Pharmacopoeial monographs for barium sulfate (USP, Ph. Eur.) - insoluble BaSO4 as a medical contrast medium, distinct from soluble barium salts.", "ASTM and ISO product standards for magnesium and magnesium alloys (e.g. ASTM B93; ISO 16220) - composition and form of commercial Mg metal products." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Magnesium structural alloys in automotive and aerospace die-castings, and organomagnesium (Grignard) reagents in organic synthesis.", "Calcium oxide, hydroxide and carbonate in Portland cement, steelmaking flux, soil amendment and food/pharmaceutical calcium salts.", "Dissolved Ca2+ and Mg2+ as the principal contributors to natural-water hardness and to scale in boilers and domestic plumbing.", "Barium sulfate as a high-density weighting agent in oil-well drilling muds and as an oral/rectal radiographic contrast medium.", "Strontium nitrate and carbonate in red pyrotechnic compositions, and strontium ferrite in ceramic permanent magnets; 89Sr used in palliative bone therapy.", "Beryllium metal X-ray windows and Be-Cu alloys in aerospace, electronics and non-sparking tools.", "Radium-226 as a historical constituent of luminous paints and, today, as a regulated NORM/TENORM and nuclear-legacy contaminant rather than a commodity metal." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "atomic number (Z)", "typical_range": "4-88", "unit": "1" }, { "quantity": "first ionization energy", "typical_range": "about 500-900", "unit": "kJ/mol" }, { "quantity": "standard reduction potential E°(M2+/M)", "typical_range": "about −1.97 (Be) to −2.92 (Ra)", "unit": "V vs SHE" }, { "quantity": "Shannon ionic radius of M2+ (coordination number 6)", "typical_range": "about 45 (Be2+) to 148 (Ra2+)", "unit": "pm" }, { "quantity": "density of the elemental metal (room temperature)", "typical_range": "about 1.5-5.5", "unit": "g/cm3" }, { "quantity": "melting point of the elemental metal", "typical_range": "about 650 (Mg) to 1287 (Be)", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "crustal abundance", "typical_range": "Ca and Mg at percent level; Sr and Ba hundreds of mg/kg; Be a few mg/kg; Ra at trace (decay-series) level", "unit": "mg/kg" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Soluble barium salts are highly toxic (hypokalemia, muscle paralysis, cardiac arrhythmia); insoluble BaSO4 used medically must not be confused with them.", "Beryllium metal and compounds cause chronic beryllium disease (sensitization and granulomatous lung disease) and are IARC Group 1 carcinogens; Be dust and fumes are the usual exposure path.", "Radium is an alpha-emitting, bone-seeking radionuclide (historical 'radium jaw' and osteosarcoma); 90Sr is the analogous hazard among strontium isotopes.", "Ca, Sr and Ba metals react with water to give hydrogen and heat; the reaction becomes vigorous to violent down the group and can cause fire or explosion in confined wet storage.", "Magnesium metal fires burn at high temperature and are not extinguished by water or carbon dioxide; they require Class D dry-powder methods.", "Beryllium oxide is amphoteric and the metal is passivated, so Be does not show the water reactivity of the heavier members; treating it as a typical Group 2 metal underestimates its inhalation toxicity and overestimates its aqueous reactivity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Older US teaching still labels the group CAS IIA; IUPAC and most current international use is Group 2.", "In mineralogy and older European literature, 'alkaline earth' often named the oxide (CaO, BaO, etc.) rather than the metal.", "Some older Central European and textbook traditions treated beryllium as not a 'typical' alkaline earth because BeO is amphoteric and Be chemistry is largely covalent.", "Water-hardness practice differs: US reports are often grains per gallon as CaCO3 equivalent; WHO/EU practice is mg/L as CaCO3 or as Ca and Mg separately.", "National names (German Erdalkalimetalle, French métaux alcalino-terreux, Russian щелочноземельные металлы) refer to the same IUPAC group; local product standards for Mg alloys and Be occupational limits differ by jurisdiction." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "alkali metal (IUPAC Group 1)", "difference": "ns1 configuration and stable M+ rather than ns2 and M2+; alkali hydroxides are more soluble and stronger bases, and flame tests plus ionic charge/mass (or a simple solubility pattern of carbonates and sulfates) separate the two groups." }, { "name": "rare-earth metal (Sc, Y and the lanthanoids)", "difference": "Typically M3+ chemistry with characteristic 4f spectra and magnetism; not s-block Group 2, despite the shared historical word 'earth'." }, { "name": "aluminium and other classical 'earth' metals", "difference": "Al3+ with an amphoteric oxide; not Group 2. Distinguish by oxidation state, amphoteric vs basic oxide, and the absence of the Group 2 ns2 metallic lattice." }, { "name": "helium", "difference": "Also 1s2, but a noble gas, not a metal; no condensed metallic phase under ordinary conditions and no M2+ aqueous chemistry." }, { "name": "alkaline-earth metal oxide ('alkaline earth')", "difference": "The historical earth is the oxide (e.g. lime, baryta), not the element; the metal is obtained by reduction or electrolysis of the salt or oxide." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of alkaline earth metal this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend this entry to own the Group 2 family only, individual metal specimens, or both through linked element-specific models?", "Which authoritative references and analytical methods should establish elemental-metal content separately from total elemental content?", "Which element-specific evidence is needed to characterise surface films and their effects across bulk, finely divided and heated material?", "What documented criteria should govern transitions from an elemental-metal specimen to an alloy, mixture or substantially converted material?", "Which current sources should govern handling and use decisions for each element and form, particularly beryllium-containing dust and radium specimens?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a alkaline earth metal, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise an alkaline earth metal, assess the condition of a particular material and determine which handling, transformation or use decisions its recorded evidence supports.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 110 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a alkaline earth metal, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 110 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one alkaline earth metal from another, and a alkaline earth metal from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a alkaline earth metal sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a alkaline earth metal from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a alkaline earth metal is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a alkaline earth metal is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a alkaline earth metal is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a alkaline earth metal is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a alkaline earth metal is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a alkaline earth metal is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a alkaline earth metal passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a alkaline earth metal between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a alkaline earth metal, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a alkaline earth metal is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a alkaline earth metal and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a alkaline earth metal is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a alkaline earth metal performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a alkaline earth metal.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a alkaline earth metal at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a alkaline earth metal there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What alkaline earth metal is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name alkaline earth metal unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of alkaline earth metal exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How alkaline earth metal behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of alkaline earth metal, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is alkaline earth metal incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How alkaline earth metal can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is alkaline earth metal classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover alkaline earth metal, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a alkaline earth metal came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a alkaline earth metal and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a alkaline earth metal is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a alkaline earth metal, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a alkaline earth metal, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a alkaline earth metal is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }