Argentine convertible peso
Enable an agent to identify Argentine convertible-peso amounts and instruments, assess their date-specific monetary status, and determine which conversion or settlement rules require verification.
Research draft, second pass
A second pass drafted this model: the structure a model of this thing needs, and what is known about it in the world. The line under this one says how the second half was obtained - researched against sources, or recalled without web access, in which case nothing here was read anywhere and every claim is a lead to verify. Unreviewed either way.
recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read
Researched by: Codex
Purpose and description
Enable an agent to identify Argentine convertible-peso amounts and instruments, assess their date-specific monetary status, and determine which conversion or settlement rules require verification.
The Argentine convertible peso was the Argentine peso introduced in January 1992 at 10,000 australes per peso and maintained at a statutory parity of one peso to one US dollar under Argentina's convertibility regime until its abandonment in early 2002.
It can be Classify a dated amount as convertible pesos, australes, US dollars or unresolved currency.; Restate austral amounts in nominal pesos using the documented redenomination factor.; Calculate a historical statutory dollar equivalent while recording the applicable conversion conditions.; Identify the evidence needed before asserting that cash or a deposit was exchangeable or usable on a specified date.; Compare reserve backing across dates using a consistent legal and accounting basis.; Route obligations spanning the termination of convertibility to the relevant transition rules..
Distinguishing features
The peso unit entered into effect on 1 January 1992 at 10,000 australes per peso; the austral's preceding convertibility regime must not be dated as the peso's introduction. [Decree 2128/1991](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-2128-1991-7384/texto)
Its statutory dollar relationship was one peso per US dollar for sale under the conditions of Law 23928; numerical parity did not make a peso a US-issued dollar. [Decree 2128/1991](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-2128-1991-7384/texto)
A dollar sign alone cannot identify this thing: recognition requires Argentine monetary context, denomination and a relevant date.
A historical convertibility inscription must be assessed separately from an instrument's legal-tender status and any presently available conversion right.
The end of the convertibility regime must be distinguished from withdrawal of particular notes and from a change in the identity of the monetary unit.
Scope
+ Identification of the convertible peso in dated monetary records
+ Redenomination from australes into pesos
+ Statutory dollar parity and conditions of conversion
+ Issuing authority and reserve-backing requirements
+ Differences between cash, peso deposits and dollar-denominated claims
+ Termination of convertibility and interpretation of affected historical amounts
- The United States dollar as an independently issued currency
- The austral beyond its conversion relationship to the peso
- Argentina's entire economic crisis and its political history
- Detailed banknote authentication and collectors' valuations
- Individual banking products and account administration
- Contemporary peso exchange-rate trading
Characteristics
- Monetary identity evidence
- Explicit convertible-peso designation; contextual identification; ambiguous peso or dollar symbol Prevents similarly written amounts from being assigned to the wrong currency or historical regime.
- Applicable monetary date
- Calendar date or bounded date interval Determines which denomination, parity and transition provisions need to be consulted.
- Austral redenomination factor
- 10,000 australes per peso Supports nominal restatement without mistaking redenomination for a change in purchasing power.
- Statutory dollar parity
- Pesos per US dollar, with effective date, transaction direction and governing provision Separates the legal parity from an observed exchange quote or an executable customer transaction.
- Monetary representation
- Banknote; coin; peso deposit; peso-denominated contractual or accounting amount Different representations can have different access, acceptance and settlement conditions.
- Conversion availability
- Legally provided; operationally restricted; terminated; unresolved for the specified date and holder Prevents an agent from treating a historical parity as sufficient evidence of practical dollar access.
- Reserve coverage basis
- Eligible reserves divided by legally defined monetary base, with valuation date and asset eligibility rules Makes backing assessments reproducible without assuming all liabilities or all reserve assets are equivalent.
- Relationship to the post-convertibility peso
- Continuing monetary unit under a changed regime; separately catalogued historical designation; unresolved registry mapping Avoids inventing a currency replacement or publishing a duplicate model.
Where this came from
wikidata · CC0 1.0
Drafted structure
Bundle to layer to finding to question, as the second pass will find it: 6 bundles · 11 layers · 18 findings · 30 questions.
Peso identity and boundaries Establish what the registry name identifies and how a monetary record qualifies as an instance.
The name can refer to a historical monetary regime, a currency designation or wording on a physical note.
Registered sense
Locate the intended monetary meaning without creating additional registry entries.
Convertible-peso referent
Record whether an authority uses the name for the peso under convertibility, a distinct currency classification or a particular issue.
- What does the originating registry source mean by Argentine convertible peso? definition
- Does an existing peso or world model already own this monetary identity? boundary
Amount identification
Recognise monetary instances from their denomination and documentary context.
Dated denomination evidence
Require enough evidence to distinguish a peso amount from a dollar amount or an older Argentine currency.
- Which date, issuer, wording or accounting convention identifies this amount as convertible pesos? provenance
- When must an amount written only with $ remain unidentified? boundary
Austral-to-peso transition Represent the introduction of the peso and conversion of predecessor amounts.
The start of austral convertibility and the introduction of the peso are separate events.
Introduction and unit
Establish the legal start, denomination and subdivision of the peso.
Peso establishment
Decree 2128/1991 establishes the peso from 1 January 1992 and defines the centavo as its hundredth part. [Original decree](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/decreto-2128-1991-7384/texto)
- Which effective date applies to the monetary unit rather than to the earlier austral conversion arrangement? definition
- How does the source record peso and centavo precision? measurement
Historical amount restatement
Translate predecessor amounts while preserving their original meaning and date.
Redenomination calculation
Record the 10,000-to-one austral conversion separately from inflation adjustment, exchange conversion and contractual modification.
- Is the source amount denominated in australes or already restated in pesos? provenance
- What rounding rule applies when division by 10,000 produces fractions below one centavo? action
Dollar conversion and backing Separate the statutory conversion promise from the backing mechanism and observed exchange conditions.
Convertibility is the defining qualification, but parity alone does not describe its legal or operational substance.
Statutory conversion
Identify the rate, direction and legal conditions of conversion.
One-to-one rule
Represent the peso-dollar sale parity through its governing provisions and effective dates, rather than as an unconditional exchange guarantee.
- Which provision establishes the one-peso-per-dollar rate for the date being assessed? provenance
- Which counterparty, transaction direction and procedures fall within that provision? action
Reserve coverage
Define the backing denominator and the assets legally eligible to meet it.
Eligible backing and monetary base
Use the applicable version of Law 23928 to establish reserve eligibility, valuation and monetary-base coverage. [Original law](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-23928-328/texto)
- Which assets qualify as backing, and how are they valued under the applicable rules? definition
- What dated reserve and monetary-base observations support the calculated coverage ratio? measurement
- Does a description such as currency board conceal institutional discretion relevant to the assessment? boundary
Cash, deposits and usability Assess how the peso is represented and what its holder could actually do with that representation.
A banknote, a peso balance and a dollar claim cannot be treated as interchangeable merely because a parity existed.
Cash issue status
Link a physical representation to its issue and date-specific monetary status.
Inscription versus entitlement
Treat convertibility wording as evidence about an issue, while verifying legal tender, withdrawal and exchange eligibility independently.
- Which BCRA issue record identifies this denomination and design? provenance
- Was this issue valid for payment or exchange on the date in question? action
Bank-money access
Distinguish denomination from access to cash, transfers and foreign exchange.
Claim and access conditions
Record the currency of the claim and any documented restrictions affecting the requested operation.
- Is the balance a peso-denominated claim or a dollar-denominated claim? boundary
- Which dated restrictions, if any, affected withdrawal, transfer or conversion for this holder? action
Convertibility exit and continuity Model the termination of the parity regime and interpretation of monetary records across that transition.
Ending convertibility, modifying a contract and replacing a currency are different events with different consequences.
Regime termination
Identify the provisions and effective dates that changed the conversion framework.
Termination evidence
Law 25561 changed the exchange framework in 2002; establish consequences from the relevant provisions and subsequent measures. [Original law](https://www.argentina.gob.ar/normativa/nacional/ley-25561-71477/texto)
- On what effective date did the relevant statutory parity or conversion entitlement cease? provenance
- Which features of the peso continued after that change, and which belonged only to convertibility? boundary
Cross-transition obligations
Interpret amounts and obligations whose creation and settlement fall under different monetary rules.
Settlement rule selection
Preserve original denomination, obligation type and relevant dates before selecting any transition conversion or adjustment rule.
- What were the original denomination, governing terms and due date of the obligation? provenance
- Which transition provision and exceptions apply to this specific class of obligation? action
- Is a proposed dollar equivalent a historical comparison or a claim about the amount legally payable? boundary
Evidence and external alignment What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.
A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.
Reported evidence
Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.
Check these first
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- This account uses recalled knowledge, without consulted sources.
- The registry should confirm whether it treats the convertible peso as a historical phase of ARS or as a separate currency entity.
- The precise reserve-backing exceptions and the sequence of legal changes in early 2002 require checking before making detailed claims about convertibility guarantees.
- Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Identifiers and schemes
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- ISO 4217 - ARS - Identifies the Argentine peso, including its convertible period; the code continued after convertibility ended.
- ISO 4217 numeric code - 032 - Identifies the Argentine peso rather than a separate currency restricted to the convertibility period.
- Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Standards and regulation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Convertibility Law No. 23,928, enacted by Argentina's National Congress in 1991, established the convertibility framework initially applied to the austral.
- Decree No. 2,128/1991, issued by Argentina's executive branch, introduced the peso at 10,000 australes per peso from January 1992.
- Law No. 25,561, enacted by Argentina's National Congress in 2002, ended the statutory dollar-parity framework.
- Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Real-world use
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Domestic prices, wages, taxes and accounting in Argentina.
- Cash payments using peso banknotes and coins.
- Peso-denominated bank deposits, loans and contracts.
- Monetary stabilization following Argentina's episodes of high inflation and hyperinflation.
- Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Typical measurements
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Statutory exchange parity during convertibility - 1 - US dollar per peso
- Redenomination conversion at introduction - 10000 - australes per peso
- Subdivision - 100 - centavos per peso
- Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Failure modes and hazards
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Reserve losses and capital flight could undermine confidence in the maintained dollar parity.
- The fixed parity constrained monetary and exchange-rate adjustment during economic downturns.
- Dollar-denominated debts exposed borrowers earning pesos to large repayment burdens after devaluation.
- The regime's collapse involved banking restrictions, devaluation and disruptive changes to contracts and deposits.
- Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Regional variation
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- It was Argentina's national currency; regional differences concerned circulation and payment practices rather than separate official peso parities.
- Provincial quasi-currencies circulated during the crisis and were distinct instruments rather than varieties of the convertible peso.
- Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart
Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.
- Argentine peso - The convertible peso denotes the peso under the historical dollar-parity regime; the broader Argentine peso continued after that regime ended.
- Argentine austral - The austral was the preceding monetary unit, replaced at 10,000 australes per peso.
- US dollar - The dollar was the foreign anchor currency; the convertible peso remained a separately issued Argentine currency.
- Currency board - A currency board is a monetary arrangement, whereas the convertible peso was a monetary unit operating under a currency-board-like framework.
- Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Argentine convertible peso this model covers, and on what evidence? provenance
What the second pass must settle
- Does the registry's originating authority intend a separate historical currency entity, a banknote designation or a regime-specific view of the continuing Argentine peso?
- Which exact effective dates and intermediate measures delimit statutory convertibility and practical conversion access?
- How did eligible reserve assets, valuation rules and actual reserve coverage change during the regime?
- Which issue-specific withdrawal and exchange rules apply to notes bearing convertibility wording?
- Which obligation-specific transition rules and exceptions are necessary to interpret contracts and deposits spanning the regime's termination?