{ "model": { "rank": 15299, "code": "thing-q19969527", "model_id": "vr.tr.klesha", "name": "klesha", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the concept of klesha, relay lists and interpretations from Buddhist and Hindu texts and scholarship with schools attributed, describe the named afflictions, and distinguish kleshas from sins in Abrahamic religions, emotions in psychology, karma and mental disorders.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.STA", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q19969527/", "tier": 2, "score": 34, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "māna", "auddhatya", "root klesha", "styāna" ], "aliasCount": 4, "merged": 4, "knownIn": 34, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q19969527", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19969527", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-13T21:33:56Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 4, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q19969527", "registryId": "vr.tr.klesha", "name": "klesha", "version": "0.2.0-wave.4", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.STA" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q19969527/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.klesha", "name": "klesha", "purpose": "Let an agent explain the concept of klesha, relay lists and interpretations from Buddhist and Hindu texts and scholarship with schools attributed, describe the named afflictions, and distinguish kleshas from sins in Abrahamic religions, emotions in psychology, karma and mental disorders.", "definition": "In Buddhism, and in a related sense in Hindu yoga philosophy, a mental affliction or defilement that clouds the mind and causes suffering, such as the three poisons of greed, aversion and delusion, the root afflictions listed in Abhidharma texts, including mana or conceit, and secondary afflictions such as auddhatya or restlessness and styana or torpor; the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali list five kleshas beginning with avidya, ignorance. Traditions describe practices for weakening the kleshas, and the model presents these teachings respectfully and with attribution to schools and texts.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a religious and philosophical concept.", "affordances": [ "explain the concept with attribution", "relay lists by tradition", "describe named afflictions", "distinguish related concepts" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Afflictive mental factors", "Root and secondary lists", "Practice-oriented", "Varies by school" ], "appearance": "Not a visible object; a mental state concept.", "visual_identification": [ "Mental affliction in Buddhist and yogic thought", "Mana, auddhatya, root klesha, styana, three poisons", "Sin is a moral transgression in other traditions; emotions are psychological states; karma is action and consequence; disorders are clinical" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "three poisons", "typical_range": "greed, aversion, delusion", "unit": "list", "note": "" }, { "quantity": "Yoga Sutras kleshas", "typical_range": "5", "unit": "count", "note": "avidya, asmita, raga, dvesha, abhinivesha" }, { "quantity": "registry parent", "typical_range": "mental state", "unit": "note", "note": "" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "three poisons", "root kleshas", "secondary afflictions", "yogic kleshas in the Yoga Sutras" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "mental state", "why": "in registry terms" }, { "relation": "is part of", "target": "Abhidharma", "why": "as a classification" }, { "relation": "includes", "target": "three poisons", "why": "" }, { "relation": "is contrasted with", "target": "sin", "why": "" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "No regulation; defined in religious texts" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Flattening differences between schools", "Treating kleshas as clinical diagnoses", "Disrespectful or appropriative framing" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What a klesha is.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "definition", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-finding", "name": "Definition", "description": "Definition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is a klesha, and how does it differ from sin, emotion, karma and mental disorder?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the question about Buddhist teaching, yoga philosophy, meditation practice or mental health?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "named", "name": "Named", "description": "Named afflictions.", "findings": [ { "id": "named-finding", "name": "Named", "description": "Named.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are mana, auddhatya, styana and root kleshas?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits the specific affliction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "buddhism", "name": "Buddhism", "description": "Buddhist teachings.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "abhidharma", "name": "Abhidharma", "description": "Abhidharma lists.", "findings": [ { "id": "abhidharma-finding", "name": "Abhidharma", "description": "Abhidharma.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Theravada and Yogacara Abhidharma texts list afflictions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "practice", "name": "Practice", "description": "Antidotes.", "findings": [ { "id": "practice-finding", "name": "Practice", "description": "Practice.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Buddhist teachers describe antidotes to afflictions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which sources are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "yoga", "name": "Yoga", "description": "Yoga philosophy.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "sutras", "name": "Yoga Sutras", "description": "Yoga Sutras.", "findings": [ { "id": "sutras-finding", "name": "Yoga Sutras", "description": "Yoga Sutras.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the Yoga Sutras describe the five kleshas?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Yoga Sutras of Patanjali?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "compare", "name": "Comparison", "description": "Comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "compare-finding", "name": "Comparison", "description": "Comparison.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Buddhist and yogic klesha concepts compare, as scholars describe?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation neutral and attributed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "context", "name": "Context", "description": "Modern use.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "psychology", "name": "Psychology", "description": "Psychology dialogue.", "findings": [ { "id": "psychology-finding", "name": "Psychology", "description": "Psychology.", "questions": [ { "text": "How have psychologists engaged with Buddhist models of afflictive emotions?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Buddhism and psychology?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "terms", "name": "Terms", "description": "Terminology.", "findings": [ { "id": "terms-finding", "name": "Terms", "description": "Terms.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do Sanskrit, Pali and Tibetan terms for klesha differ?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Pali?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the three poisons be a separate entry?", "How should Buddhist and yogic texts be linked?", "How should Sanskrit and Pali terms be recorded?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a klesha, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain the concept of klesha, relay lists and interpretations from Buddhist and Hindu texts and scholarship with schools attributed, describe the named afflictions, and distinguish kleshas from sins in Abrahamic religions, emotions in psychology, karma and mental disorders.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: māna, auddhatya, root klesha, styāna.", "4 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a klesha, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "māna", "auddhatya", "root klesha", "styāna" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 34 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 4 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one klesha from another, and a klesha from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a klesha sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a klesha from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a klesha passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a klesha between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a klesha, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a klesha is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What klesha is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of klesha are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is klesha operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of klesha and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of klesha?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as klesha?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a klesha came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a klesha and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a klesha is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a klesha, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a klesha, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a klesha is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }