{ "model": { "rank": 6662, "code": "thing-q201783", "model_id": "vr.tr.moped", "name": "moped", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a moped, assess its operating condition and determine which uses or interventions are appropriate for a particular unit and jurisdiction.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q201783/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "FEDDZ", "mofa", "speed pedelec", "Roxon", "Benelli G2", "Piaggio Ciao", "Peugeot Fox", "Jawa 555", "MH Motorcycles Furia", "Skyteam Monkey", "Suzuki S", "Tomos Flexer", "special moped", "Honda X8R", "Honda P50", "Mobylette", "Gilera EC1", "Honda MT50", "Gilera SMT 50", "Honda PA50", "Honda SS 50", "Atala Master", "Honda SFX50", "Honda SH50", "Piaggio Sfera", "Piaggio Sì", "Zündapp CS 25", "Zündapp GTS 50", "Zündapp ZD 20", "Zündapp ZR 20", "Garelli Katia", "Peugeot Speedfight", "Tomos AT50", "Moto Guzzi Chiù", "VéloSoleX 3800", "Atala Green", "Atala Califfone", "Garelli Ciclone", "Garelli Formuno", "Garelli VIP" ], "aliasCount": 62, "merged": 62, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q201783", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201783", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:14:13Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08872-563c-7543-bd0f-b118e541da4a\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: moped\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001 registere", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 64, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08872-5632-7b31-b6e7-f0cdd1c0f1d9\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: moped\nRegistry id: vr.tr.moped\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext for " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q201783", "registryId": "vr.tr.moped", "name": "moped", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q201783/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.moped", "name": "moped", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a moped, assess its operating condition and determine which uses or interventions are appropriate for a particular unit and jurisdiction.", "definition": "A moped is a lightweight, low-powered motor vehicle, usually with two wheels, historically combining pedals with a small engine and now commonly defined by jurisdiction-specific limits on design speed, engine displacement or motor power.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the defining attributes, propulsion arrangements, riding capabilities, condition and use constraints of the moped kind, including what must be recorded about individual units without treating a product designation or legal label as sufficient identification.", "in_scope": [ "Identification as a moped and boundaries with motorcycles, powered cycles and scooter body styles", "Combustion, electric and pedal-assisted propulsion arrangements", "Vehicle geometry, load capacity, braking, steering and road-contact condition", "Rider controls, operating states and readiness for use", "Maintenance needs, modifications and evidence supporting applicable vehicle classification" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Detailed models of engines, batteries, tyres and other separately modelled components", "Rider identity, licensing history and personal protective equipment", "Road-network rules, route planning and traffic management", "Insurance contracts, ownership transactions and registration administration", "Manufacturing processes and commercial product-line management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether the vehicle has motor propulsion and a rideable cycle-like configuration; neither a seller's label nor a step-through frame alone establishes that it is a moped.", "Compare documented design speed, propulsion ratings and vehicle configuration with the moped category applicable in the relevant jurisdiction and date; do not assume a universal numerical threshold.", "Record whether usable pedals exist and how they drive the vehicle; pedals alone do not distinguish a moped from an electrically assisted bicycle.", "Determine whether propulsion can operate independently of pedalling, and whether assistance or propulsion stops under defined conditions, to distinguish neighbouring powered-cycle categories.", "Separate scooter body style from vehicle classification: a scooter-shaped vehicle requires the same classification evidence as other configurations." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Applicable vehicle classification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded category, jurisdiction, effective date and supporting evidence; unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether the unit falls within the moped boundary and which use requirements need checking." }, { "name": "Propulsion arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Combustion; electric; other documented arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Selects the relevant operating checks, energy supply and maintenance requirements." }, { "name": "Pedal function", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Absent; functional propulsion pedals; starting assistance only; present but function unverified", "why_it_matters": "Prevents historical appearance or pedal presence from substituting for an assessment of actual propulsion." }, { "name": "Maximum design speed", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "km/h, with evidence and configuration", "why_it_matters": "Supports classification and distinguishes design capability from an observed trip speed." }, { "name": "Propulsion power", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kW, with rating basis such as continuous or peak and source", "why_it_matters": "Supports capability assessment and classification without comparing incompatible power ratings." }, { "name": "Engine displacement", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cm³; not applicable for vehicles without a combustion engine", "why_it_matters": "Identifies engine configuration and supplies a classification input where relevant." }, { "name": "Energy storage capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Fuel capacity in L or battery energy in Wh, distinguishing nominal and usable capacity", "why_it_matters": "Supports energy planning while avoiding an unsupported inference of riding range." }, { "name": "Wheel and seating configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Wheel count and arrangement; seat configuration; documented permitted occupants", "why_it_matters": "Supports boundary decisions and prevents an apparent seat from being treated as passenger authorisation." }, { "name": "Mass and permitted loading", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg, distinguishing vehicle mass, payload and maximum permitted laden mass", "why_it_matters": "Constrains rider, passenger and cargo combinations." }, { "name": "Propulsion readiness", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Off; energised; ready to propel; running; faulted; unknown, mapped to actual controls", "why_it_matters": "Identifies when control input could produce movement, including when an electric vehicle is silent." }, { "name": "Roadworthiness assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Assessed serviceable; restricted; unserviceable; unassessed, with inspection scope and date", "why_it_matters": "Separates an evidence-based condition judgement from mere ability to start." }, { "name": "Declared and observed configuration", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to unit identifiers, manufacturer specification, approval evidence and modification records", "why_it_matters": "Reveals whether documents still describe the vehicle being assessed." } ], "affordances": [ "Compare unit evidence with the applicable moped classification and flag unresolved boundaries.", "Assess readiness for a proposed ride using condition, load, energy and operating constraints.", "Identify the correct starting, stopping, parking and energy-isolation procedures for the propulsion arrangement.", "Determine compatible refuelling or charging requirements from verified unit documentation.", "Plan inspections and maintenance around observed wear, usage and manufacturer requirements.", "Evaluate whether a modification requires renewed capability, safety or classification assessment." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "moped-identity-and-boundaries", "name": "Moped identity and boundaries", "description": "Establishes what makes the subject a moped and whether available evidence describes its current configuration.", "rationale": "Moped names, body styles and legal categories can diverge, so recognition requires explicit boundary evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "vehicle-category", "name": "Vehicle category", "description": "Separates physical configuration from jurisdiction-dependent classification.", "findings": [ { "id": "classification-basis", "name": "Classification basis", "description": "Record the applicable category and the configuration attributes used to establish it, leaving classification unresolved when evidence is insufficient.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jurisdiction, effective date and authoritative category definition govern identification of this vehicle as a moped?", "kind": "definition", "id": "classification-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which documented attributes distinguish it from a motorcycle, powered bicycle or other neighbouring vehicle category?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "classification-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "unit-and-configuration-evidence", "name": "Unit and configuration evidence", "description": "Connects the inspected vehicle to specifications and records without conflating the kind, product model and unit.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-correspondence", "name": "Configuration correspondence", "description": "Record identifiers and discrepancies between the unit, its declared specification and its approval or registration evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "What identifiers and documents establish the unit's manufacturer, product model and declared configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-correspondence-q01" }, { "text": "Do the fitted motor, controller, engine, gearing and speed-limiting arrangements correspond to that evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "configuration-correspondence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "propulsion-and-energy", "name": "Propulsion and energy", "description": "Describes how the moped produces movement, receives rider input and stores energy.", "rationale": "Combustion, electric and pedal-equipped mopeds require different capability assessments and operating procedures.", "layers": [ { "id": "drive-capability", "name": "Drive capability", "description": "Records motor output, speed capability and the mechanical or control role of pedals.", "findings": [ { "id": "propulsion-path-and-limits", "name": "Propulsion path and limits", "description": "Identify how propulsion reaches the driven wheel and distinguish documented design limits from measured performance.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do the motor or engine, transmission and any functional pedals contribute to wheel propulsion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "propulsion-path-and-limits-q01" }, { "text": "What are the documented design speed, power-rating basis and, where applicable, engine displacement?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "propulsion-path-and-limits-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-supply", "name": "Energy supply", "description": "Captures fuel or battery requirements, available energy and replenishment compatibility.", "findings": [ { "id": "energy-compatibility-and-condition", "name": "Energy compatibility and condition", "description": "Record the specified energy supply and its condition without assuming that tank or battery capacity establishes practical range.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fuel specification and lubrication arrangement, or battery and charger combination, are supported by the unit's documentation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "energy-compatibility-and-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What usable energy remains, and what evidence of leakage, deterioration or charging faults affects replenishment or riding?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "energy-compatibility-and-condition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "riding-platform-and-load", "name": "Riding platform and load", "description": "Covers the moped's supporting structure, road contact, braking and permitted rider or cargo loading.", "rationale": "A moped that propels successfully can still be unsuitable for riding because of chassis defects or an unsupported load.", "layers": [ { "id": "handling-and-stopping", "name": "Handling and stopping", "description": "Assesses the systems that maintain directional control, road contact and braking.", "findings": [ { "id": "chassis-control-condition", "name": "Chassis control condition", "description": "Record brake, tyre, wheel, steering, suspension and frame condition against requirements for the particular unit.", "questions": [ { "text": "What inspection evidence establishes the condition of the brakes, tyres, wheels, steering, suspension and frame?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "chassis-control-condition-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed defects require repair or restriction before the moped can be ridden?", "kind": "action", "id": "chassis-control-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "occupants-and-cargo", "name": "Occupants and cargo", "description": "Relates available seating and load attachment points to documented carrying limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-load-configuration", "name": "Supported load configuration", "description": "Determine whether the proposed rider, passenger and cargo arrangement is supported by the vehicle's specification.", "questions": [ { "text": "What permitted occupant count, payload, laden mass and carrier limits are documented for this configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supported-load-configuration-q01" }, { "text": "Does the proposed load fit those limits and preserve access to controls, visibility and stable load attachment?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-load-configuration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "controls-and-use-readiness", "name": "Controls and use readiness", "description": "Describes transitions into propulsion, rider feedback and readiness for a particular use.", "rationale": "Safe handling depends on knowing when the moped can move and which checks apply to the intended operating setting.", "layers": [ { "id": "propulsion-state-transitions", "name": "Propulsion state transitions", "description": "Maps actual starting, stopping and parking controls, including fitted interlocks.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-enablement", "name": "Movement enablement", "description": "Record how propulsion becomes available and how it is stopped or isolated; establish interlock presence through evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which key, switch, throttle, pedal, brake or starter actions move this moped from parked to ready to propel?", "kind": "action", "id": "movement-enablement-q01" }, { "text": "Which stop controls and fitted interlocks prevent or interrupt propulsion, and how has their operation been verified?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "movement-enablement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "ride-readiness", "name": "Ride readiness", "description": "Combines vehicle condition and equipment evidence with requirements for the proposed use.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-readiness", "name": "Use-specific readiness", "description": "Assess readiness using the actual operating setting, applicable equipment requirements and unresolved defects.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which lighting, signalling, mirrors, audible warning and other equipment are required for the proposed use, and what is their observed condition?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "What unresolved condition, equipment or classification issue prevents a supported decision to use this moped?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-readiness-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "maintenance-and-modification", "name": "Maintenance and modification", "description": "Maintains confidence in the moped's condition and classification as components wear or configurations change.", "rationale": "Wear and modifications can alter stopping ability, propulsion capability and the validity of existing vehicle evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "service-and-faults", "name": "Service and faults", "description": "Connects service requirements and fault observations to the fitted propulsion and chassis systems.", "findings": [ { "id": "maintenance-basis", "name": "Maintenance basis", "description": "Record relevant service intervals, consumables, symptoms and completed work using documentation for the actual configuration.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which documented service tasks and intervals apply to the fitted drive system, brakes, tyres and energy storage?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "maintenance-basis-q01" }, { "text": "What symptoms, usage records or inspection results indicate that maintenance or fault diagnosis is due?", "kind": "action", "id": "maintenance-basis-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "changes-and-reassessment", "name": "Changes and reassessment", "description": "Tracks interventions that may change capability, compatibility or category membership.", "findings": [ { "id": "modification-consequences", "name": "Modification consequences", "description": "Record changes to propulsion, speed control, energy storage, running gear or load configuration and identify evidence requiring renewal.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which modifications or replacement components change the configuration described by existing specifications or approval evidence?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "modification-consequences-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection, testing or classification review is needed before the changed vehicle can be judged ready for its intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "modification-consequences-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is recalled knowledge, not source-verified research; regulatory applicability and current amendments need checking.", "The displacement and speed ranges describe common models rather than universal defining limits.", "Do not infer legal classification from appearance, marketing terminology or the presence of pedals alone." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Pedal-equipped combustion moped", "Step-through combustion moped without pedals", "Electric moped" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Vehicle identification number (VIN)", "value_or_pattern": "17-character alphanumeric identifier for vehicles using the standardized VIN system", "note": "Identifies an individual vehicle; older mopeds may use manufacturer-specific frame or serial numbers." }, { "scheme": "EU L-category vehicle classification", "value_or_pattern": "L1e-B", "note": "Classification for two-wheel mopeds; this is a vehicle category, not a unique identifier." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Regulation (EU) No 168/2013, issued by the European Parliament and Council, establishes approval and market-surveillance requirements for two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles.", "UN Regulation No. 78, under UNECE, addresses braking requirements for vehicles in category L.", "ISO 3779, issued by the International Organization for Standardization, specifies vehicle identification number content and structure." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Short-distance commuting", "Local delivery work", "Personal transport in urban and rural areas", "Access to public transport stops" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Engine displacement of common combustion models", "typical_range": "Approximately 25-50", "unit": "cm³" }, { "quantity": "Maximum design speed of common restricted models", "typical_range": "Approximately 25-45", "unit": "km/h" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Worn brakes, damaged cables or hydraulic faults reduce stopping performance.", "Underinflated or worn tires increase puncture risk and reduce grip.", "Chain, belt or transmission wear can interrupt propulsion or cause mechanical interference.", "Fuel leaks on combustion models and battery faults on electric models can cause fires.", "Limited rider protection, low conspicuity and speed differences with other traffic increase collision vulnerability." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Legal definitions differ in permitted speed, engine displacement, motor power and whether pedals are required.", "Licensing, registration, insurance, helmet requirements and access to cycle facilities vary by jurisdiction.", "Everyday usage may call a small scooter a moped even when its legal classification is motorcycle." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Motorcycle", "difference": "A moped is commonly treated as a limited-performance motorcycle subtype or a separate legal category; the applicable jurisdiction sets the boundary." }, { "name": "Motor scooter", "difference": "Scooter describes a vehicle layout, commonly with a step-through frame and foot platform; moped describes a historical or regulated performance class, so a vehicle can be both." }, { "name": "Electrically assisted bicycle", "difference": "An electrically assisted bicycle generally retains functional cycling capability and meets bicycle-specific assistance restrictions; an electric moped falls within a motor-vehicle category." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of moped this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should registry membership follow a jurisdiction-independent physical concept, historical usage of the name, or a set of explicitly mapped legal moped categories?", "Which wheel arrangements and pedal configurations belong within this registry entry, and which require links to neighbouring vehicle kinds?", "Which authoritative classification and equipment standards should be researched first, including their issuing bodies, jurisdictions and effective dates?", "What sourced ranges of design speed, propulsion power, mass and energy capacity are representative without becoming misleading universal thresholds?", "Which failure modes and inspection criteria can be shared across mopeds, and which must remain specific to a manufacturer, propulsion system or product model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a moped, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a moped, assess its operating condition and determine which uses or interventions are appropriate for a particular unit and jurisdiction.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: FEDDZ, mofa, speed pedelec, Roxon, Benelli G2, Piaggio Ciao, Peugeot Fox, Jawa 555, MH Motorcycles Furia, Skyteam Monkey, Suzuki S, Tomos Flexer.", "62 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a moped, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "FEDDZ", "mofa", "speed pedelec", "Roxon", "Benelli G2", "Piaggio Ciao", "Peugeot Fox", "Jawa 555", "MH Motorcycles Furia", "Skyteam Monkey", "Suzuki S", "Tomos Flexer" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 62 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one moped from another, and a moped from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a moped sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a moped from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a moped is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a moped is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a moped is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a moped is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a moped is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a moped is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a moped passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a moped between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a moped, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a moped is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What moped is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does moped perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise moped, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How moped is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does moped have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does moped need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about moped is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about moped hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern moped, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a moped came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a moped and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a moped is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a moped, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a moped, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a moped is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }