{ "model": { "rank": 2522, "code": "thing-q201959", "model_id": "vr.tr.capsicum", "name": "Capsicum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum plants and their harvested fruits, assess their development and condition, and select appropriate cultivation, handling or use actions while preserving uncertainty about identity and pungency.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q201959/", "tier": 2, "score": 103, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 103, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.capsicum", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q201959", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201959", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T09:49:27Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.01303492, "turns": 1, "seconds": 177.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 84.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b40-c2a7-7c60-ad91-d037bd9aac0a\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Capsicum\nRegistry id: vr.tr.capsicum\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.LIV\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q201959", "registryId": "vr.tr.capsicum", "name": "Capsicum", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.LIV" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q201959/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.capsicum", "name": "Capsicum", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum plants and their harvested fruits, assess their development and condition, and select appropriate cultivation, handling or use actions while preserving uncertainty about identity and pungency.", "definition": "Capsicum is a New World genus of Solanaceae comprising shrubs (commonly cropped as annuals) whose hollow berries are the culinary sweet peppers and chillies; pungency, when present, is caused by capsaicinoids synthesised in the placental tissue rather than in the seeds.", "scope_statement": "This model owns Capsicum-specific identity, plant development, fruit attributes, growing requirements and condition-dependent actions; provisionally, Capsicum means the botanical genus, including sweet and hot peppers, rather than only the vegetable commonly called capsicum.", "in_scope": [ "Identification of Capsicum plants and fruits, with species, cultivar and identification confidence recorded separately", "Plant growth, flowering, fruit set and ripening", "Growing conditions and responses relevant to maintaining plants and producing fruit", "Fruit morphology, pungency evidence and suitability for an intended use", "Plant health, harvested-fruit condition and propagation or harvest decisions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Black pepper and other non-Capsicum plants called pepper", "General soil, irrigation-system and greenhouse models", "Recipes, prepared foods and manufactured spice mixtures", "Purified capsaicin products, medicines and pepper sprays", "Farm businesses, supply-chain transactions and regulatory certification" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Distinguish Capsicum fruit from black pepper by examining the whole specimen: Capsicum fruits have a persistent calyx and internal placental tissue bearing multiple seeds; black peppercorns are individual small drupes borne on spikes.", "Distinguish Capsicum from superficially similar Solanaceae using a combination of flower, calyx, fruit-interior and seed characters checked against an identification key; fruit colour or shape alone is insufficient.", "Inspect fruit interiors for seeds attached to placental tissue and typically pale, flattened seeds; use these as supporting characters rather than a conclusive identification by themselves.", "Treat sweet bell peppers and hot chillies as possible members of the same genus: absence of pungency does not exclude Capsicum.", "Separate botanical identity from market terminology: a label such as pepper, chilli, paprika or capsicum requires corroboration from the specimen or a traceable growing record." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Botanical identity and confidence", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Capsicum identification; species or hybrid if supported; confirmed, provisional or unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Controls which identification, growing and use claims can be applied." }, { "name": "Cultivar or accession provenance", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Link to named cultivar, accession, seed lot or parent plant, with supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "Supports expectations about fruit form and maturity without treating a trade name as proof." }, { "name": "Observed biological unit", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Whole plant, attached fruit, detached fruit or seed", "why_it_matters": "Determines which observations and actions are meaningful." }, { "name": "Developmental stage", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Germinating, seedling, vegetative, flowering, fruit-setting, fruit-filling, ripening or senescing; stages may coexist", "why_it_matters": "Connects plant condition to propagation, care and harvest decisions." }, { "name": "Fruit morphology", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Shape, lobing, surface, orientation, calyx form and internal compartment arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Provides identification evidence and indicates likely handling or processing suitability." }, { "name": "Fruit dimensions and wall thickness", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Length, maximum width and wall thickness in mm; fresh mass in g", "why_it_matters": "Helps assess growth, harvest consistency and suitability for stuffing, drying or other uses." }, { "name": "Ripening evidence", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed colour, firmness and growth history interpreted against the identified cultivar", "why_it_matters": "Separates colour observations from unsupported assumptions about maturity." }, { "name": "Pungency evidence", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Capsaicinoid concentration in mg/kg with fresh or dry basis and method; SHU only with stated method or conversion; otherwise unknown", "why_it_matters": "Supports handling and use decisions without inferring heat from appearance." }, { "name": "Growing-environment exposure", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Air and root-zone temperature in °C, light exposure and root-zone moisture, each with observation period and method", "why_it_matters": "Helps explain growth, flower loss, fruit development and stress." }, { "name": "Plant and fruit condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed wilt, leaf injury, blossom-end lesions, sun injury, cracking, pest signs, softening or decay; cause confirmed, suspected or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates visible symptoms from diagnosis and determines whether to monitor, investigate, harvest or withhold use." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify a plant or fruit to the best supported taxonomic level and request missing diagnostic observations.", "Propagate from documented seed or plant material while recording uncertainty about offspring identity.", "Adjust cultivation conditions in response to developmental stage and observed stress.", "Select and harvest fruits for an intended maturity, texture and use.", "Sort and handle harvested fruits according to condition, pungency evidence and intended processing.", "Investigate symptoms and withhold consumption or propagation decisions when identity or condition remains unresolved." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "linnaeus-1753", "title": "Species Plantarum, vol. 1 (Capsicum L., p. 188)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Original generic circumscription and the Linnaean name still used in taxonomy and plant-variety law." }, { "id": "bosland-votava-2012", "title": "Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums, 2nd ed.", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The five domesticated species, fruit morphology, pungency biology, and crop use as treated in horticultural practice." }, { "id": "ipgri-1995", "title": "Descriptors for Capsicum (Capsicum spp.)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "The characters genebanks and breeders actually score (plant, flower, fruit, seed) and the cultivated/wild split." }, { "id": "iso-972", "title": "ISO 972 - Chillies and capsicums, whole or ground (powdered) - Specification", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Trade identity of dried chilli/capsicum spice, including moisture and extraneous-matter limits." }, { "id": "unece-ffv-28", "title": "UNECE Standard FFV-28 concerning the marketing and commercial quality control of sweet peppers", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "How fresh sweet/bell peppers are graded in international produce trade." }, { "id": "iso-7540", "title": "ISO 7540 - Ground paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) - Specification", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Paprika as a distinct processed commodity of C. annuum, separate from hot chilli powder." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "capsicum-identity", "name": "Capsicum identity", "description": "Establish what the observed pepper plant or material is and how securely it is identified.", "rationale": "Common names overlap with unrelated plants, while species and cultivar claims require different evidence.", "layers": [ { "id": "genus-recognition", "name": "Genus recognition", "description": "Evaluate diagnostic plant, flower and fruit observations.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-combination", "name": "Diagnostic character combination", "description": "Record the combination of characters supporting Capsicum identification and the alternatives still plausible.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed flower, calyx, fruit-interior and seed characters support identification as Capsicum?", "kind": "definition", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q01" }, { "text": "Which similar plants remain possible, and what additional observation would distinguish them?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-combination-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "species-and-cultivar", "name": "Species and cultivar", "description": "Separate supported botanical identity from cultivar labels and source claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-evidence", "name": "Identity evidence", "description": "Preserve the source and confidence of species, hybrid, cultivar and accession assignments.", "questions": [ { "text": "What seed-lot record, accession record, identification key or other evidence supports the assigned identity?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "identity-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the evidence establish a species, a cultivar, a market type or only the genus?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "identity-evidence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "Track the plant's progress from establishment through flowering, fruiting and seed production.", "rationale": "Capsicum plants can carry flowers and fruits at several stages simultaneously, so a single maturity label cannot guide all actions.", "layers": [ { "id": "plant-establishment", "name": "Plant establishment", "description": "Assess germination, rooting and vegetative establishment.", "findings": [ { "id": "establishment-readiness", "name": "Establishment readiness", "description": "Relate observed root and shoot development to propagation and transplant decisions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What emergence, true-leaf development and root condition have been observed, and over what period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "establishment-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Is the plant sufficiently established for transplanting under the proposed conditions?", "kind": "action", "id": "establishment-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "flowering-and-seed-lineage", "name": "Flowering and seed lineage", "description": "Track flower retention, fruit set and the provenance of seeds intended for propagation.", "findings": [ { "id": "fruit-set-and-parentage", "name": "Fruit set and parentage", "description": "Distinguish successful fruit production from evidence that saved seed will preserve a named identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "How many observed flowers have set or dropped fruit during the recorded interval?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "fruit-set-and-parentage-q01" }, { "text": "What is known about parent plants, pollination exposure and any isolation used for seed production?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "fruit-set-and-parentage-q02" }, { "text": "Can saved seed retain the cultivar label, or must its offspring identity remain uncertain?", "kind": "action", "id": "fruit-set-and-parentage-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "growing-conditions-and-plant-health", "name": "Growing conditions and plant health", "description": "Connect cultivation exposures and visible symptoms to evidence-based care decisions.", "rationale": "Poor fruit set, wilt and fruit lesions can have different causes that require different responses.", "layers": [ { "id": "growth-and-fruit-set-exposures", "name": "Growth and fruit-set exposures", "description": "Interpret environmental observations in relation to the identified plant and its current development.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-linked-response", "name": "Exposure-linked response", "description": "Record temperature, light and root-zone conditions alongside changes in growth, flowering and fruit retention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What temperature, light and root-zone moisture exposures preceded the observed change in growth or fruit set?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-linked-response-q01" }, { "text": "Which cultivation adjustment is supported by those observations, and what response should be monitored?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-linked-response-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "symptoms-and-differential-diagnosis", "name": "Symptoms and differential diagnosis", "description": "Separate observed damage from explanations involving pests, pathogens or growing conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptom-location-and-cause", "name": "Symptom location and cause", "description": "Describe where symptoms occur and retain competing explanations until sufficient evidence resolves them.", "questions": [ { "text": "Are lesions concentrated at the blossom end, on exposed fruit surfaces, around wounds or elsewhere, and which leaves or roots are affected?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptom-location-and-cause-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes environmental injury, a physiological disorder and pest or pathogen damage?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "symptom-location-and-cause-q02" }, { "text": "What inspection or diagnostic test is needed before selecting an intervention?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptom-location-and-cause-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fruit-maturity-and-pungency", "name": "Fruit maturity and pungency", "description": "Describe fruit development, physical properties and evidence of heat.", "rationale": "Colour, botanical maturity, culinary readiness and pungency are distinct attributes that cannot reliably substitute for one another.", "layers": [ { "id": "fruit-development-and-harvest", "name": "Fruit development and harvest", "description": "Assess fruit readiness against the intended use and known cultivar behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "use-specific-harvest-readiness", "name": "Use-specific harvest readiness", "description": "Combine size, wall thickness, firmness and cultivar-specific colour progression when evaluating harvest.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the fruit's current dimensions, wall thickness, firmness and colour relative to documented development for this cultivar?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "use-specific-harvest-readiness-q01" }, { "text": "Should this fruit be harvested now or left to develop for the intended fresh, drying or seed-saving use?", "kind": "action", "id": "use-specific-harvest-readiness-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pungency-and-variation", "name": "Pungency and variation", "description": "Record measured or reported pungency without extending evidence beyond its sample.", "findings": [ { "id": "pungency-evidence-boundary", "name": "Pungency evidence boundary", "description": "Distinguish cultivar expectations from measurements of particular fruit tissues or lots.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the pungency claim based on a cultivar description, a sensory assessment or an analytical measurement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "pungency-evidence-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which fruits and tissues were sampled, by what method, and on what fresh or dry mass basis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pungency-evidence-boundary-q02" }, { "text": "How far can this result be applied to other fruits on the plant or within the lot?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "pungency-evidence-boundary-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvested-fruit-handling-and-use", "name": "Harvested-fruit handling and use", "description": "Determine what may be done with detached Capsicum fruit from its condition and handling history.", "rationale": "Harvested fruit requires decisions about damage, deterioration and exposure during cutting or processing that differ from plant care.", "layers": [ { "id": "postharvest-condition", "name": "Postharvest condition", "description": "Assess changes since harvest and identify fruit requiring separation or further evaluation.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-and-storage-history", "name": "Condition and storage history", "description": "Connect shrivelling, softening, wounds and decay observations to the fruit's recorded handling history.", "questions": [ { "text": "When was the fruit harvested, and what temperatures, packaging conditions and handling events are documented?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "condition-and-storage-history-q01" }, { "text": "What shrivelling, softening, cracks, leakage or visible decay is present?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "condition-and-storage-history-q02" }, { "text": "Should the fruit be retained, segregated for assessment or rejected for the intended use?", "kind": "action", "id": "condition-and-storage-history-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "processing-and-exposure", "name": "Processing and exposure", "description": "Match fruit properties to preparation operations and their handling requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "operation-specific-suitability", "name": "Operation-specific suitability", "description": "Evaluate cutting, stuffing, drying or grinding using fruit structure, condition and pungency evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do fruit size, wall thickness, condition and pungency evidence affect suitability for the proposed operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-suitability-q01" }, { "text": "What handling controls are appropriate for contact, splashes or airborne material during processing?", "kind": "action", "id": "operation-specific-suitability-q02" }, { "text": "Which preservation or food-safety decisions require a separate validated process model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "operation-specific-suitability-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Capsicum annuum (bell/sweet peppers, paprika pods, jalapeño, cayenne, poblano, New Mexican and most temperate field types)", "Capsicum chinense (habanero, Scotch bonnet, and Amazonian 'superhot' landraces)", "Capsicum frutescens (Tabasco, malagueta, and some bird peppers)", "Capsicum baccatum (South American ajíes, including ají amarillo)", "Capsicum pubescens (rocoto/locoto/manzano: hairy leaves, purple flowers, black seeds)", "Wild bird peppers and chiltepin (notably C. annuum var. glabriusculum and related wild taxa)", "Ornamental compact and variegated bedding cultivars, often still edible" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q201959", "note": "Item for the genus Capsicum; cultivated species have separate items (e.g. C. annuum Q4072 on NCBI, Q154445 on Wikidata)." }, { "scheme": "NCBI Taxonomy", "value_or_pattern": "txid4071", "note": "Genus Capsicum; C. annuum is txid4072." }, { "scheme": "Linnaean / IPNI name", "value_or_pattern": "Capsicum L., Sp. Pl. 1: 188 (1753)", "note": "Nomenclatural type of the genus; still the name used in seed law and phytosanitary lists." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "0709.60", "note": "Fresh or chilled fruits of the genus Capsicum or of the genus Pimenta - the heading therefore also covers allspice fruits." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "0904.21 / 0904.22", "note": "Dried fruits of Capsicum or Pimenta, neither crushed nor ground (0904.21) or crushed or ground (0904.22)." }, { "scheme": "EPPO code", "value_or_pattern": "1CPSG", "note": "Genus-level code; C. annuum is CPSAN." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 972 (International Organization for Standardization) - specification for whole or ground chillies and capsicums as spice.", "ISO 7540 (ISO) - specification for ground paprika from Capsicum annuum.", "ISO 3513 (ISO) - organoleptic Scoville index for chillies; trade pungency is now more often HPLC (e.g. ASTA Method 21.3, American Spice Trade Association).", "UNECE FFV-28 (United Nations Economic Commission for Europe) - marketing and quality of fresh sweet peppers.", "Codex Alimentarius standards and MRLs for chilli peppers and paprika as foods/spices (FAO/WHO Codex).", "EU food-additive rules for paprika extract/oleoresin as colour E160c (Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008).", "USDA AMS United States Standards for Grades of Sweet Peppers (fresh produce grades).", "Plant health: seed-borne viruses and Phytophthora capsici are regulated in phytosanitary import rules (NPPO/IPPC practice); UPOV guidelines exist for DUS testing of Capsicum varieties.", "Capsaicin oleoresin (OC) in pepper spray is a weapons/public-order control in many jurisdictions, separate from food law." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fresh vegetable: blocky sweet/bell peppers eaten raw or cooked; fleshy types (jalapeño, poblano) stuffed, pickled or roasted.", "Spice: dried whole pods, flakes (e.g. Korean gochugaru), cayenne and chilli powders, and Hungarian/Spanish paprika.", "Processed foods: hot sauces (Tabasco from C. frutescens), chilli pastes, oleoresin paprika as colour and flavour in meat and snacks.", "Crop and seed trade: greenhouse and open-field horticulture; hybrid seed is a major commercial product.", "Ornamental bedding plants sold for fruit colour, not yield.", "Non-food: topical capsaicin analgesics; OC pepper spray; traditional medicinal use of pungent fruit." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Pungency (Scoville heat)", "typical_range": "0 (bell) to about 100000-350000 (habanero); selected cultivars exceed 1000000", "unit": "SHU" }, { "quantity": "Total capsaicinoids in dry fruit", "typical_range": "0 in sweet types; roughly 0.1-10 in commercial hot chilli, higher in superhots", "unit": "mg/g dry mass" }, { "quantity": "Fresh fruit mass", "typical_range": "about 1 (chiltepin) to 150-250 (large bells)", "unit": "g" }, { "quantity": "Moisture of dried chilli/paprika as spice", "typical_range": "typically specified at or below 11-12", "unit": "% wet basis" }, { "quantity": "ASTA colour of paprika", "typical_range": "about 50-180 in ordinary grades; high-colour lots 200-300+", "unit": "ASTA colour units" }, { "quantity": "Ascorbic acid in fresh fruit", "typical_range": "about 80-180", "unit": "mg/100 g fresh mass" }, { "quantity": "Fresh sweet-pepper storage", "typical_range": "7-10 °C at 90-95% RH for about 2-3 weeks; chilling injury below about 7", "unit": "°C" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Mucosal and ocular injury from capsaicin (kitchen handling, processing plants, pepper spray); not a true allergen in most people but can provoke severe irritation and bronchospasm.", "Mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin A) in poorly dried or stored chilli and paprika.", "Illegal dye adulteration of ground chilli/paprika (historically Sudan I-IV).", "Pesticide residues and, in greenhouse crops, high humidity diseases.", "Phytophthora capsici blight, bacterial spot (Xanthomonas), and viruses (TSWV, CMV, tobamoviruses on seed and fruit).", "Chilling injury of fresh peppers stored too cold: pitting, water-soaking, rapid decay.", "Unexpected pungency from cultivar mix-ups or line contamination in 'sweet' lots.", "Occupational exposure to chilli dust (cough, conjunctivitis) in grinding plants." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "In Australia, New Zealand and much of South Asian English, 'capsicum' means the sweet bell pepper and 'chilli' the pungent fruit; in North America both are 'peppers', with 'chili/chile' for the hot ones.", "Mexico treats chile as a large set of named landraces (jalapeño, serrano, ancho/poblano, habanero, chiltepin) rather than as a single commodity.", "Hungary and Spain grade paprika/pimentón by colour, sweetness and smoke (e.g. pimentón de la Vera) as much as by heat.", "Andean markets separate ají (mainly C. baccatum) from rocoto/locoto (C. pubescens).", "Korea specifies gochu and gochugaru by flake size and heat for kimchi; Japan distinguishes tōgarashi (hot) from pīman (bell).", "The species epithet chinense is historical misnaming: C. chinense is Amazonian, not Chinese." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Black pepper (Piper nigrum, Piperaceae)", "difference": "A climbing vine with piperine in a drupe; no capsaicinoids. Family, habit, and HPLC (capsaicin vs piperine) separate it; HS also splits fresh Capsicum (07.09) from Piper (09.04.11/12)." }, { "name": "Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum spp.)", "difference": "Pericarp of a rutaceous shrub; sanshools cause tingling, not capsaicin burn. Morphology and chemistry both differ." }, { "name": "Allspice / pimento (Pimenta dioica)", "difference": "Myrtaceae dried berry, eugenol aroma. Confused because HS 0709.60/0904.2 group Capsicum with Pimenta and because 'pimiento' (a sweet Capsicum) sounds like 'pimento'." }, { "name": "Tomato and other fleshy Solanaceae", "difference": "Same family, no capsaicinoids; tomato has a different locule/placenta architecture and is eaten as a berry with attached locular gel, not a hollow pepper wall." }, { "name": "Hot vs sweet Capsicum of the same species", "difference": "Presence of capsaicinoids (HPLC or a pungency taste on the placenta) maps to functional Pun1; fruit shape alone does not." }, { "name": "C. chinense vs C. frutescens vs C. pubescens", "difference": "C. pubescens: purple flowers, black rugose seeds, hairy leaves. C. chinense: constricted calyx, often 3-5 flowers per node. C. frutescens: usually smaller paired flowers and persistent erect fruit (Tabasco type)." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Capsicum this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend Capsicum to denote the entire botanical genus, the living crop plant, or specifically the sweet-pepper commodity?", "Which taxonomic authority and identification keys should govern species and hybrid assignments, particularly for incomplete specimens?", "Which cultivar- and environment-specific evidence should establish growing targets, expected colour progression and harvest criteria?", "What sampling and analytical protocols are needed to make pungency claims comparable across tissues, fruits and lots?", "Where should ownership of seeds, harvested lots and validated preservation decisions pass to neighbouring Vercy models?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 33 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Capsicum, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Capsicum plants and their harvested fruits, assess their development and condition, and select appropriate cultivation, handling or use actions while preserving uncertainty about identity and pungency.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Capsicum, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 103 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Capsicum from another, and a Capsicum from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Capsicum sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Capsicum from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Capsicum is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Capsicum and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Capsicum is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Capsicum is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Capsicum is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Capsicum moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Capsicum passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Capsicum between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Capsicum, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Capsicum is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Capsicum is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Capsicum, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Capsicum from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Capsicum from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Capsicum does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Capsicum pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Capsicum judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Capsicum lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Capsicum, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Capsicum hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Capsicum came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Capsicum and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Capsicum is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Capsicum, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Capsicum, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Capsicum is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }