{ "model": { "rank": 6673, "code": "thing-q201965", "model_id": "vr.tr.nordic-combined", "name": "Nordic combined", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Nordic combined, interpret its linked ski-jumping and cross-country performances, and determine whether a competition can proceed or its result can be accepted.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.ACT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q201965/", "tier": 2, "score": 59, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "men's Nordic combined skiing", "women's Nordic combined skiing" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 59, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q201965", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201965", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T23:15:27Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 20.5, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08873-6e83-7211-b076-c9a8db382eb0\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Nordic combined\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: ACT.ACT\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 007: 1001", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.1, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a08873-6e7a-7bc2-9de9-972794551f06\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Nordic combined\nRegistry id: vr.tr.nordic-combined\nPlane / domain: ACT / ACT.ACT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q201965", "registryId": "vr.tr.nordic-combined", "name": "Nordic combined", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.ACT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q201965/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.nordic-combined", "name": "Nordic combined", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Nordic combined, interpret its linked ski-jumping and cross-country performances, and determine whether a competition can proceed or its result can be accepted.", "definition": "Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in both ski jumping and cross-country skiing, with results from the two disciplines combined to determine an overall placing.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the defining activity and competition logic of Nordic combined, registry entry vr.tr.nordic-combined in ACT / ACT.ACT, including how its two disciplines jointly determine a result under an identified ruleset.", "in_scope": [ "The coupling of ski jumping and cross-country skiing into one sporting contest", "Competition format, participant category and applicable rule edition", "Jump performance, cross-country performance and their combination", "Individual and team participation across both disciplines", "Readiness, interruptions and validity of the combined result" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Standalone ski-jumping competitions and their complete technical model", "Standalone cross-country skiing competitions and their complete technical model", "Biathlon, which combines skiing with shooting", "Alpine combined and its downhill skiing disciplines", "Athlete biographies, medical records and general training programmes", "Venue construction, equipment manufacture and federation administration" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "A contest must link ski jumping and cross-country skiing through a shared result; merely offering both sports at one festival is insufficient.", "Shooting performance does not constitute a component, distinguishing Nordic combined from biathlon.", "Downhill and slalom performances do not constitute its paired disciplines, distinguishing it from alpine combined.", "An athlete or entered team must have an accountable participation relationship across the two components, rather than combining unrelated competitors' results.", "The model must identify the actual combination procedure; a jumping-first pursuit cannot be assumed for every format." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Competition format", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Gundersen, Individual Compact, Mass Start, or another explicitly documented format", "why_it_matters": "Determines component order, performance conversion and how the winner is established." }, { "name": "Applicable rules", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Governing authority, rule document, edition, effective date and event amendments", "why_it_matters": "Prevents applying one season's scoring or eligibility requirements to another." }, { "name": "Entry configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Individual or team, with category and roster requirements", "why_it_matters": "Identifies whose component performances may contribute to the combined result." }, { "name": "Jumping hill specification", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Hill size and construction point in metres, plus declared hill category", "why_it_matters": "Provides the context needed to interpret jump distances and applicable scoring." }, { "name": "Jump performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Distance in metres; judged, compensation and total scores in points where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Separates observed performance from the adjustments producing the accepted jumping score." }, { "name": "Cross-country course and performance", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Course distance in kilometres; elapsed time and splits in seconds; finish order", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of skiing performance without confusing elapsed time with pursuit finish position." }, { "name": "Component conversion", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Documented points-to-time, placing-to-start-gap or time-to-points procedure, including rounding", "why_it_matters": "Explains how one discipline changes the competitive position in the other." }, { "name": "Competition status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Scheduled, ready, underway, interrupted, completed, cancelled", "why_it_matters": "Determines which operational actions remain available." }, { "name": "Result standing", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Pending, provisional, official, disputed, revised", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes a calculated ranking from an authorised result." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify whether an activity qualifies as Nordic combined and distinguish it from neighbouring sports.", "Select the relevant interpretation of component order and scoring from the event's documented format.", "Calculate or audit start gaps and combined rankings using verified rule parameters.", "Trace a result back to accepted jump records, skiing times and official decisions.", "Flag missing prerequisites, incompatible component records or unresolved result disputes.", "Compare an entrant's jumping and skiing contributions while preserving differences between formats." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "discipline-identity", "name": "Discipline identity", "description": "Establishes the paired activity and the boundaries of a Nordic combined instance.", "rationale": "The sport is defined by the relationship between two disciplines, not by either component alone.", "layers": [ { "id": "paired-activity", "name": "Paired activity", "description": "Identifies the constituent disciplines and their shared competitive purpose.", "findings": [ { "id": "jumping-and-skiing-coupling", "name": "Jumping and skiing coupling", "description": "Nordic combined brings together ski jumping and cross-country skiing. The model should record how they contribute to one result. [FIS format overview](https://www.fis-ski.com/nordic-combined/news/2025-26/nordic-combined-101-individual-competition-formats)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jumping and cross-country performances constitute this combined contest?", "kind": "definition", "id": "jumping-and-skiing-coupling-q01" }, { "text": "What rule makes these performances parts of one result rather than separate events?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "jumping-and-skiing-coupling-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "instance-boundaries", "name": "Instance boundaries", "description": "Separates the discipline, a particular competition and activities preparing for it.", "findings": [ { "id": "competition-or-practice", "name": "Competition or practice", "description": "Record whether the subject is a complete contest, a component round or Nordic combined practice, without attributing a combined result to an isolated exercise.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a complete Nordic combined contest, a component session or training for the discipline?", "kind": "category", "id": "competition-or-practice-q01" }, { "text": "If only one component is observed, what evidence connects it to Nordic combined?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "competition-or-practice-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "format-and-entry", "name": "Format and entry", "description": "Identifies the rules governing the contest and the entrants who may participate.", "rationale": "Component order, entry structure and scoring must be resolved before performances can be interpreted.", "layers": [ { "id": "format-authority", "name": "Format authority", "description": "Anchors the selected format to an applicable rule edition.", "findings": [ { "id": "declared-combination-format", "name": "Declared combination format", "description": "FIS distinguishes Gundersen, Individual Compact and Mass Start individual formats; record the declared format and obtain its actual parameters rather than assuming a universal procedure. [FIS format overview](https://www.fis-ski.com/nordic-combined/news/2025-26/nordic-combined-101-individual-competition-formats)", "questions": [ { "text": "Which authoritative rule edition and event notice define the format?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "declared-combination-format-q01" }, { "text": "What component order and combination procedure does that format require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "declared-combination-format-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "entrant-continuity", "name": "Entrant continuity", "description": "Tracks individual or team identity across both components.", "findings": [ { "id": "eligible-linked-entry", "name": "Eligible linked entry", "description": "Record category eligibility, roster and component assignments so that only performances belonging to an authorised entry are combined.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which athlete or team owns each contributing jumping and skiing performance?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "eligible-linked-entry-q01" }, { "text": "What category, roster or substitution requirements must be checked before accepting the entry?", "kind": "action", "id": "eligible-linked-entry-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "component-performance", "name": "Component performance", "description": "Captures the evidence needed to interpret each discipline before combining results.", "rationale": "A combined ranking must remain explainable through its distinct jumping and skiing contributions.", "layers": [ { "id": "jump-evidence", "name": "Jump evidence", "description": "Records the accepted jump performance and its scoring context.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-jumping-score", "name": "Accepted jumping score", "description": "Preserve hill specifications, counted jumps, measured distances and all applicable scoring contributions alongside the accepted total.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which jump records count, and what distances and scoring contributions produced their totals?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accepted-jumping-score-q01" }, { "text": "Which official record establishes that these jumps are valid for the combined result?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "accepted-jumping-score-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "skiing-evidence", "name": "Skiing evidence", "description": "Records the course obligation and the entrant's completion of it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accepted-cross-country-performance", "name": "Accepted cross-country performance", "description": "Preserve required distance, laps or relay legs, actual start information, elapsed time and finish order as distinct observations.", "questions": [ { "text": "What distance and laps or legs were required, and what evidence establishes completion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accepted-cross-country-performance-q01" }, { "text": "How do actual start time, elapsed skiing time and finish order relate for this entrant?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "accepted-cross-country-performance-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "combined-result", "name": "Combined result", "description": "Explains how component performances become competitive positions and a final classification.", "rationale": "The defining decision logic lies in combining unlike performances under a specific format.", "layers": [ { "id": "performance-conversion", "name": "Performance conversion", "description": "Makes the conversion between component performance and competitive advantage explicit.", "findings": [ { "id": "conversion-parameters", "name": "Conversion parameters", "description": "Record the applicable formula or lookup table, its direction, reference performance, rounding and any limits before calculating gaps or points.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which rule maps points, placing or elapsed time into the next component's advantage or the combined score?", "kind": "definition", "id": "conversion-parameters-q01" }, { "text": "Can the published gaps or combined points be reproduced from the accepted inputs and rounding rules?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conversion-parameters-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-authority", "name": "Classification authority", "description": "Distinguishes computed order from the classification accepted by officials.", "findings": [ { "id": "authorised-ranking", "name": "Authorised ranking", "description": "Retain the format-specific winner criterion, tie treatment, penalties and non-completion decisions together with result approval status.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does this format establish ranking through finish order, combined points or another documented criterion?", "kind": "definition", "id": "authorised-ranking-q01" }, { "text": "Which unresolved penalty, tie or protest prevents the calculated ranking from being treated as official?", "kind": "action", "id": "authorised-ranking-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operational-validity", "name": "Operational validity", "description": "Tracks whether the paired contest can proceed and whether disruptions preserve a valid combined result.", "rationale": "A usable skiing result alone cannot resolve the absence or invalidity of the required jumping component.", "layers": [ { "id": "paired-venue-readiness", "name": "Paired venue readiness", "description": "Checks readiness across the jumping hill and cross-country course.", "findings": [ { "id": "component-release", "name": "Component release", "description": "Record official readiness decisions, relevant conditions and entrant equipment clearance separately for each component.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence confirms that both the hill and skiing course are authorised for their scheduled components?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "component-release-q01" }, { "text": "Which outstanding condition or equipment decision blocks an entrant or component from starting?", "kind": "action", "id": "component-release-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "disruption-resolution", "name": "Disruption resolution", "description": "Preserves the reasoning behind interrupted, replaced or cancelled components.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-after-disruption", "name": "Validity after disruption", "description": "Treat any replacement jump record, restart or revised programme as requiring an applicable rule and an authorised decision; do not invent the missing component.", "questions": [ { "text": "What rule and official decision authorise any substitute jumping result or revised component?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "validity-after-disruption-q01" }, { "text": "Should the combined result remain pending, be recalculated or be withheld after the disruption?", "kind": "action", "id": "validity-after-disruption-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "This is a recall-based description; no sources were consulted.", "Check the applicable season's FIS rules for event formats, race distances, scoring conversions and equipment requirements.", "Check current championship and Olympic programmes for category eligibility and which formats are contested." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Individual Gundersen", "Individual compact", "Mass start", "Team competition", "Team sprint" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "FIS discipline abbreviation", "value_or_pattern": "NK", "note": "Used by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation for Nordic combined." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International Competition Rules for Nordic Combined, issued by the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS).", "Specifications for Competition Equipment, issued by FIS." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "International competition through the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup and Nordic World Ski Championships.", "Winter Olympic competition.", "National, club and junior competition.", "Summer competition using artificial ski-jumping surfaces and roller skiing." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Ski-jump distance", "typical_range": "Varies with the hill; normal-hill and large-hill competitions use different scales.", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Jumping score", "typical_range": "Calculated from distance, judges' style marks and applicable wind and gate compensation.", "unit": "points" }, { "quantity": "Cross-country race distance", "typical_range": "Common individual distances include 5, 7.5 and 10; the prescribed distance depends on the event format and category.", "unit": "km" }, { "quantity": "Cross-country elapsed time and start deficit", "typical_range": "Event-dependent; Gundersen formats convert jumping-score differences into cross-country start-time differences.", "unit": "s" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Loss of balance during ski-jump takeoff, flight or landing can cause serious injury.", "Wind variability can affect jump safety and competitive fairness.", "Falls and collisions can occur on cross-country descents and in closely grouped racing.", "Cold exposure and sustained exertion can impair performance and athlete safety.", "Equipment noncompliance or technique infringements can lead to penalties or disqualification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The sport has strong historical roots in Norway and established competitive traditions across northern and central Europe.", "Japan has an established Nordic combined tradition outside Europe.", "Participation depends partly on access to ski-jumping hills, cross-country trails and suitable training facilities." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Ski jumping", "difference": "Ski jumping determines results from jumps alone; Nordic combined also requires a cross-country skiing component." }, { "name": "Cross-country skiing", "difference": "Standalone cross-country events determine results from skiing races without a ski-jumping score." }, { "name": "Biathlon", "difference": "Biathlon combines cross-country skiing with rifle shooting rather than ski jumping." }, { "name": "Alpine combined", "difference": "Alpine combined combines alpine downhill-racing disciplines rather than ski jumping and cross-country skiing." }, { "name": "Nordic skiing", "difference": "Nordic skiing is the broader family of skiing disciplines; Nordic combined is a specific competitive sport within it." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Nordic combined this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which rule editions and competition levels must the first implementation support, including their conversion tables, distances and tie procedures?", "Which team formats are required, and how do their roster, component assignment and substitution rules differ?", "How should summer competitions using roller skis and non-snow jumping surfaces be represented within this registry entry?", "Under what exact conditions may a provisional or replacement jumping round supply the counted result?", "Does an existing Vercy world model already cover Nordic combined, requiring this registry entry to link to that model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 19, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Nordic combined, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Nordic combined, interpret its linked ski-jumping and cross-country performances, and determine whether a competition can proceed or its result can be accepted.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: men's Nordic combined skiing, women's Nordic combined skiing.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Nordic combined, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "men's Nordic combined skiing", "women's Nordic combined skiing" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 59 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Nordic combined from another, and a Nordic combined from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Nordic combined sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Nordic combined from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Nordic combined passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Nordic combined between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Nordic combined, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Nordic combined is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a Nordic combined proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a Nordic combined, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a Nordic combined and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a Nordic combined consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a Nordic combined takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What Nordic combined is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of Nordic combined are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is Nordic combined operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of Nordic combined and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of Nordic combined?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as Nordic combined?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Nordic combined came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Nordic combined and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Nordic combined is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Nordic combined, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Nordic combined, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Nordic combined is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }