{ "model": { "rank": 2343, "code": "thing-q2025", "model_id": "vr.tr.carbon-monoxide", "name": "carbon monoxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise carbon monoxide, assess its condition and presence in a specific context, and determine which handling, monitoring or transformation actions are supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.MAT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q2025/", "tier": 2, "score": 108, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "carbon monoxide c-11", "O-15carbon monoxide", "Carbon-13C monoxide" ], "aliasCount": 3, "merged": 3, "knownIn": 108, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q2025", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2025", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:43:04Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.04005694, "turns": 2, "seconds": 219.3, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 79.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07baa-7b78-7720-91a2-f2f1aadedbf4\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: carbon monoxide\nRegistry id: vr.tr.carbon-monoxide\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.MAT\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q2025", "registryId": "vr.tr.carbon-monoxide", "name": "carbon monoxide", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.MAT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q2025/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.carbon-monoxide", "name": "carbon monoxide", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise carbon monoxide, assess its condition and presence in a specific context, and determine which handling, monitoring or transformation actions are supported by evidence.", "definition": "Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless diatomic gas (CO) produced by incomplete combustion of carbonaceous fuels and by industrial reduction chemistry; it binds ferrous haem to form carboxyhaemoglobin, impairing oxygen delivery at parts-per-million air levels, and is also an extremely flammable compressed gas.", "scope_statement": "This model owns carbon monoxide as the chemical substance CO, including its identity, physical condition, quantity, occurrence in mixtures, chemical behaviour and context-dependent hazards; it links to models of containers, processes, environments and exposed organisms.", "in_scope": [ "Chemical identity and evidence that an observed substance or mixture component is carbon monoxide", "Physical state, amount, purity and composition of CO-bearing material", "CO concentration and its variation across location and time", "Formation, release, transport and consumption of CO", "CO-specific exposure, combustion and handling constraints" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Complete composition and behaviour of flue gas, synthesis gas or other mixtures containing CO", "Design, maintenance and certification of detectors, cylinders and ventilation equipment", "Diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning", "Operation of engines, furnaces and industrial reactors that produce or consume CO", "Whole-building air quality and emergency-response management" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish molecular identity as CO, with one carbon atom and one oxygen atom; carbon dioxide is CO2 and requires a separate identification.", "Require analytical discrimination from nitrogen: a nominal molecular-mass signal near 28 alone does not uniquely identify CO.", "Distinguish free CO from carbonyl groups and metal-bound carbonyl ligands; the presence of a C-O unit alone does not establish free carbon monoxide.", "Distinguish CO concentration in a mixture from the identity of the mixture itself; synthesis gas and combustion exhaust are not synonyms for CO.", "Do not use smell, visible smoke or their absence to confirm or exclude CO; recognition requires suitable measurement or other substantiated chemical evidence." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Chemical identity", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "CO; confirmed, provisional or unresolved identification", "why_it_matters": "Prevents confusion with CO2, nitrogen, carbon-containing aerosols and chemically bound carbonyl groups." }, { "name": "Occurrence form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Nominally pure substance, gas-mixture component, dissolved CO or other evidenced occurrence", "why_it_matters": "Determines which sampling methods, quantity expressions and physical assumptions apply." }, { "name": "Physical condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Phase with temperature in K or °C and absolute pressure in Pa or bar", "why_it_matters": "Supports interpretation of storage condition, density and gas-volume measurements." }, { "name": "CO amount", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol, kg or gas volume with stated reference temperature and pressure", "why_it_matters": "Supports inventory accounting and estimates of material available for release or reaction." }, { "name": "CO concentration", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol/mol, ppm by volume or mg/m³, with wet/dry basis and relevant reference conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes observations comparable and prevents unsupported conversions between concentration expressions." }, { "name": "Observation support", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Measurement method, calibration evidence, sampling location, observation time, averaging interval and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether a reported value supports identification, trend assessment or a decision." }, { "name": "Associated mixture constituents", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Links to measured or suspected co-constituents, including oxygen where relevant", "why_it_matters": "Mixture composition affects measurement interference, reactions and combustion assessment." }, { "name": "Formation or release source", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked source or process with suspected, supported or confirmed attribution", "why_it_matters": "Separates detecting CO from establishing why it is present and whether it may continue to accumulate." }, { "name": "Production or removal rate", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mol/s or mass/time, with process boundary and time interval", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes an isolated inventory from ongoing formation, leakage or consumption." }, { "name": "Exposure context", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Linked occupied environment or exposed organism, with concentration history and duration where known", "why_it_matters": "A concentration without exposure context is insufficient for evaluating consequences or applicable actions." } ], "affordances": [ "Request or interpret a CO-specific measurement while checking selectivity, calibration and sampling coverage.", "Compare CO observations across time and location using compatible units and averaging intervals.", "Trace observed CO to candidate formation, release and removal processes without treating correlation as confirmed attribution.", "Assess proposed storage, transfer or use against documented CO-specific containment and mixture constraints.", "Evaluate a proposed CO-consuming transformation through its reaction conditions, material balance and linked products.", "Flag conditions requiring an applicable exposure or emergency procedure while preserving uncertainty and the authority for the decision." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "who-aqg-2021", "title": "WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide", "url": "https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/345329", "what_it_supports": "2021 health-based 24-hour AQG for CO (4 mg/m³, interim target 7 mg/m³) and CO as a classical ambient pollutant.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "who-ambient-fact-sheet", "title": "Ambient (outdoor) air pollution", "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health", "what_it_supports": "WHO description of CO as a colourless, odourless, tasteless toxic gas from incomplete combustion of wood, petrol, charcoal, natural gas and kerosene.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "nist-webbook-co", "title": "Carbon monoxide (NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69)", "url": "https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C630080", "what_it_supports": "Chemical identity: formula CO, molecular weight 28.0101, CAS 630-08-0, InChI/InChIKey, UN 1016, NA 9202, and synonym list.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "icsc-0023", "title": "ICSC 0023 - Carbon monoxide", "url": "https://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0023.htm", "what_it_supports": "Physical constants, explosive limits, GHS and UN transport class, odourless toxic compressed gas, and workplace hazards (ILO/WHO, April 2024).", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "atsdr-2012", "title": "Toxicological profile for Carbon Monoxide", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK153693/", "what_it_supports": "Exposure routes, health effects, and the compiled table of occupational and ambient regulations and biological exposure indices.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "osha-chem-462", "title": "CARBON MONOXIDE (OSHA Occupational Chemical Database)", "url": "https://www.osha.gov/chemicaldata/462", "what_it_supports": "OSHA PEL, NIOSH REL/ceiling, Cal/OSHA PEL/STEL, physical properties, and COHb as the occupational health metric.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "niosh-pg-0105", "title": "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Carbon monoxide", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0105.html", "what_it_supports": "IDLH 1200 ppm, unit conversion 1 ppm = 1.15 mg/m³, LEL/UEL, DOT IDs 1016 and 9202, and sampling methods.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "cdc-niosh-co-work", "title": "Carbon Monoxide Hazards at Work", "url": "https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/carbon-monoxide/about/index.html", "what_it_supports": "Workplace sources (generators, small engines, marine exhaust, forklifts), enclosed-space accumulation, and portable-generator CO standards.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "co-identity-and-occurrence", "name": "CO identity and occurrence", "description": "Establishes whether CO is present and what material occurrence the model describes.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish the molecule from similar analytical signals, related compounds and mixtures that contain it.", "layers": [ { "id": "molecular-identification", "name": "Molecular identification", "description": "Connects a CO identification to evidence capable of discriminating relevant alternatives.", "findings": [ { "id": "selective-evidence-for-co", "name": "Selective evidence for CO", "description": "Records the identification method, its limitations and competing explanations for the observed signal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies CO rather than CO2, nitrogen or an interfering constituent?", "kind": "definition", "id": "selective-evidence-for-co-q01" }, { "text": "Which analytical method and reference or calibration evidence support that identification?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "selective-evidence-for-co-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "free-co-and-host-material", "name": "Free CO and host material", "description": "Separates CO itself from its carrier mixture and from chemically bound carbonyl species.", "findings": [ { "id": "occurrence-boundary", "name": "Occurrence boundary", "description": "Identifies whether the subject is pure CO, a CO component or dissolved CO, and links the surrounding material.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is the subject free CO, dissolved CO or a chemically bound species requiring a neighbouring model?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "occurrence-boundary-q01" }, { "text": "Which sample, stream or material contains the CO, and what establishes that association?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "occurrence-boundary-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "co-condition-and-quantity", "name": "CO condition and quantity", "description": "Describes the physical condition and amount of CO within an explicit material boundary.", "rationale": "Inventory, concentration and physical condition answer different questions and cannot safely substitute for one another.", "layers": [ { "id": "phase-and-inventory", "name": "Phase and inventory", "description": "Records the conditions needed to interpret the amount of CO held or moving through a system.", "findings": [ { "id": "conditioned-co-amount", "name": "Conditioned CO amount", "description": "Associates CO amount and phase with the pressure, temperature and boundary to which they apply.", "questions": [ { "text": "What amount of CO is present within the stated container, sample or process boundary?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-co-amount-q01" }, { "text": "What phase, temperature and absolute pressure apply, and are reported gas volumes actual or referenced?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "conditioned-co-amount-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "mixture-composition", "name": "Mixture composition", "description": "Describes the fraction of CO and relevant co-constituents without taking ownership of the entire mixture.", "findings": [ { "id": "comparable-co-concentration", "name": "Comparable CO concentration", "description": "Preserves concentration basis and the mixture information needed for interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the CO concentration, including units, wet or dry basis and conditions required for conversion?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "comparable-co-concentration-q01" }, { "text": "Which co-constituents or impurities materially affect the proposed measurement, handling or use?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "comparable-co-concentration-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "co-detection-and-exposure", "name": "CO detection and exposure", "description": "Connects CO observations to their spatial and temporal coverage and any relevant exposure context.", "rationale": "A single detector reading does not establish all concentrations in an environment or the exposure history of an organism.", "layers": [ { "id": "measurement-coverage", "name": "Measurement coverage", "description": "Records what a CO observation can resolve and where its evidence ends.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-detector-observation", "name": "Bounded detector observation", "description": "Captures sampling location, response characteristics and limitations affecting a CO reading or nondetection.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where and when was CO sampled, over what averaging interval, and with what detection limit and uncertainty?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "bounded-detector-observation-q01" }, { "text": "Could sensor interference, saturation, response delay or sampling placement limit this observation?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "bounded-detector-observation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "exposure-interpretation", "name": "Exposure interpretation", "description": "Links ambient CO evidence to exposure assessment while leaving diagnosis to the appropriate model.", "findings": [ { "id": "exposure-evidence-and-action-basis", "name": "Exposure evidence and action basis", "description": "Separates measured environmental CO, inferred exposure and biological evidence, and identifies the applicable decision rule.", "questions": [ { "text": "What concentration history, duration and occupancy evidence support the exposure assessment, and what remains unknown?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "exposure-evidence-and-action-basis-q01" }, { "text": "Which authoritative procedure or exposure criterion applies to this setting and averaging interval?", "kind": "action", "id": "exposure-evidence-and-action-basis-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "co-formation-and-fate", "name": "CO formation and fate", "description": "Explains the evidenced pathways by which CO enters, moves through and leaves the relevant system.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish ongoing production from residual presence and chemical consumption from simple relocation.", "layers": [ { "id": "formation-and-release", "name": "Formation and release", "description": "Links CO presence to candidate generating processes or releases from existing inventories.", "findings": [ { "id": "attributed-co-input", "name": "Attributed CO input", "description": "Records evidence for combustion-related formation, other chemical generation or leakage without assuming a source from detection alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which process or inventory could supply this CO, and what evidence supports the attribution?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "attributed-co-input-q01" }, { "text": "Is CO input continuing, intermittent or ended, and what rate or temporal evidence establishes that state?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "attributed-co-input-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "transport-and-consumption", "name": "Transport and consumption", "description": "Distinguishes movement and dilution of CO from reactions that consume it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accounted-co-fate", "name": "Accounted CO fate", "description": "Tracks whether CO leaves a boundary, changes concentration through mixing or is converted into other substances.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the observed decrease reflect transport, dilution, sampling effects or evidenced chemical consumption?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "accounted-co-fate-q01" }, { "text": "For a proposed CO-consuming reaction, what conditions, products and material balance establish the expected outcome?", "kind": "action", "id": "accounted-co-fate-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "co-handling-and-reactivity", "name": "CO handling and reactivity", "description": "Records CO-specific constraints on containment, transfer and intentional chemical use.", "rationale": "Actions involving CO depend on toxicity, combustible-mixture conditions and the verified capabilities of the surrounding system.", "layers": [ { "id": "containment-and-transfer", "name": "Containment and transfer", "description": "Relates the actual CO-bearing material to documented equipment and handling constraints.", "findings": [ { "id": "supported-co-handling", "name": "Supported CO handling", "description": "Identifies the evidence required to support storage or transfer under the actual composition, pressure and temperature.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented compatibility and operating limits apply to the equipment contacting this CO-bearing material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supported-co-handling-q01" }, { "text": "Which containment, leak-monitoring and release-control requirements must be satisfied before the proposed transfer or use?", "kind": "action", "id": "supported-co-handling-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "combustible-mixture-conditions", "name": "Combustible mixture conditions", "description": "Evaluates CO combustion potential in relation to oxidant availability and the actual operating conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "contextual-co-combustion-assessment", "name": "Contextual CO combustion assessment", "description": "Keeps combustion assessment separate from exposure assessment and ties it to an evidenced mixture and operating envelope.", "questions": [ { "text": "What CO and oxidant concentrations, temperature, pressure and ignition conditions characterize the proposed operation?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contextual-co-combustion-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which validated combustion data and operating procedure support allowing, restricting or stopping that operation?", "kind": "action", "id": "contextual-co-combustion-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ambient outdoor carbon monoxide (air-quality pollutant)", "Indoor / household carbon monoxide (heaters, cooking, tobacco smoke)", "Occupational / workplace carbon monoxide", "Motor-vehicle exhaust carbon monoxide", "Fire-smoke / smoke-inhalation carbon monoxide", "Commodity compressed carbon monoxide (cylinders, UN 1016)", "Industrial fuel-gas carbon monoxide (syngas, blast-furnace gas, coke-oven gas, producer gas)", "Endogenous carbon monoxide (haem-oxygenase pathway, baseline carboxyhaemoglobin)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "CAS Registry Number", "value_or_pattern": "630-08-0", "note": "Primary chemical identity (NIST, ICSC, OSHA)." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC InChI", "value_or_pattern": "InChI=1S/CO/c1-2", "note": "NIST Chemistry WebBook." }, { "scheme": "IUPAC InChIKey", "value_or_pattern": "UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N", "note": "NIST Chemistry WebBook." }, { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q2025", "note": "Item for the chemical substance carbon monoxide." }, { "scheme": "UN number", "value_or_pattern": "UN 1016", "note": "Compressed carbon monoxide; Class 2.3 with subsidiary 2.1." }, { "scheme": "NA / DOT id (cryogenic liquid)", "value_or_pattern": "NA 9202 / DOT 9202", "note": "Refrigerated liquid carbon monoxide (NIST; NIOSH Pocket Guide)." }, { "scheme": "EC / EINECS", "value_or_pattern": "211-128-3", "note": "European Community inventory number (ICSC 0023)." }, { "scheme": "ICSC", "value_or_pattern": "0023", "note": "ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Card." }, { "scheme": "RTECS", "value_or_pattern": "FG3500000", "note": "NIOSH Pocket Guide." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines (2021), World Health Organization: 24-hour AQG 4 mg/m³ (99th percentile); interim target 1 is 7 mg/m³.", "US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 40 CFR 50.8, US EPA: 9 ppm (8-hour) and 35 ppm (1-hour), not to be exceeded more than once per year (as compiled in ATSDR 2012).", "OSHA PEL, 29 CFR 1910.1000 Table Z-1: 50 ppm (55 mg/m³) 8-hour TWA.", "NIOSH REL: 35 ppm (40 mg/m³) up to 10-hour TWA; ceiling 200 ppm (229 mg/m³); IDLH 1200 ppm.", "ACGIH TLV (as cited by ATSDR 2012 from ACGIH 2008): 25 ppm 8-hour TWA, basis carboxyhaemoglobinaemia; BEI 3.5% COHb and 20 ppm CO in end-exhaled air.", "Cal/OSHA PEL: 25 ppm (29 mg/m³) 8-hour TWA and 200 ppm STEL.", "UN Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (as on ICSC 0023): UN 1016, hazard class 2.3, subsidiary risk 2.1.", "ANSI/PGMA G300-2018, Safety and Performance of Portable Generators (Portable Generator Manufacturers' Association).", "ANSI/UL 2201-2018, Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emission Rate of Portable Generators (UL)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Unwanted product of incomplete combustion in traffic, stoves, boilers, charcoal, kerosene, tobacco smoke and structure fires - the dominant public-health exposure.", "Workplace contaminant from portable generators, small gasoline engines, marine generators, pressure washers, forklifts and coal-fired plant.", "Industrial C1 feedstock and reducing gas in syngas, methanol, acetic-acid and hydroformylation chemistry, and as the combustible fraction of blast-furnace, coke-oven and producer gas.", "Compressed or cryogenic commodity gas shipped as UN 1016 or NA 9202.", "Calibration and span gas for ambient-air and emissions monitors.", "Clinical biomarker: blood carboxyhaemoglobin and exhaled CO used to assess smoking status and CO poisoning." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Air concentration (ambient, indoor or workplace)", "typical_range": "WHO 24-hour AQG 4 mg/m³; US NAAQS 9 ppm (8-hour) and 35 ppm (1-hour); OSHA PEL 50 ppm; NIOSH REL 35 ppm, ceiling 200 ppm, IDLH 1200 ppm; undiluted exhaust or fire gas can be thousands of ppm", "unit": "ppm or mg/m³ (NIOSH: 1 ppm = 1.15 mg/m³)" }, { "quantity": "Blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb)", "typical_range": "ACGIH biological exposure index 3.5% of haemoglobin; clinical poisoning is judged from rising COHb together with symptoms, not from air ppm alone", "unit": "% of total haemoglobin" }, { "quantity": "End-exhaled carbon monoxide", "typical_range": "ACGIH BEI 20 ppm (23 mg/m³)", "unit": "ppm" }, { "quantity": "Explosive (flammable) limits in air", "typical_range": "12.5-74.2", "unit": "volume %" }, { "quantity": "Boiling and melting points", "typical_range": "boiling point −191 °C; melting point −205 °C", "unit": "°C" }, { "quantity": "Relative vapour density (air = 1)", "typical_range": "0.97 (mixes with air; does not reliably layer)", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Auto-ignition temperature", "typical_range": "605", "unit": "°C" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Acute inhalation poisoning via carboxyhaemoglobin formation; no odour warning even at toxic concentrations (ICSC).", "Delayed neurological injury after apparent recovery from a high exposure.", "Rapid build-up to IDLH or fatal levels in rooms, garages, boat-deck voids and other semi-enclosed spaces, including from generators that appear to be outdoors.", "Fire and explosion: extremely flammable gas; air mixtures explosive between about 12.5% and 74%; heating of cylinders risks bursting (ICSC, GHS).", "The gas mixes with air and can pass through walls and ceilings, so a leak is not confined to the room of origin (ICSC).", "Reacts with chlorine, fluorine and sulfur (toxic fumes) and with metal powders and oxidants (fire/explosion) (ICSC).", "Ordinary smoke alarms and pulse oximeters do not detect CO; expired or poorly placed CO alarms fail silently.", "GHS (ICSC 2024): toxic if inhaled; may damage fertility or the unborn child; causes damage to blood and, with repeated exposure, to blood and central nervous system." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ambient limit: WHO 2021 24-hour 4 mg/m³ versus US NAAQS 9 ppm 8-hour (~10 mg/m³) and 35 ppm 1-hour.", "Workplace 8-hour limit: OSHA 50 ppm (US federal, unchanged in Table Z-1) versus NIOSH REL 35 ppm, ACGIH TLV 25 ppm and Cal/OSHA PEL 25 ppm.", "Older WHO short-term indoor figures (15 min / 1 h / 8 h) are still cited in some national rules; the 2021 update that is tabulated as an AQG level is the 24-hour value.", "Industrial mixtures are named locally as blast-furnace gas, water gas, producer gas or syngas rather than as carbon monoxide.", "Language names in common use include carbonic oxide (older English), Kohlenmonoxid/Kohlenoxyd (German), oxyde de carbone (French), ossido di carbonio (Italian), koolmonoxyde (Dutch) and tlenek węgla (Polish) (NIST synonym list)." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Carbon dioxide (CO₂)", "difference": "CO₂ is the complete-oxidation product and is not a haem poison at ordinary ambient levels. Measure with a CO-specific electrochemical or IR cell, not a CO₂ NDIR 'air quality' sensor; in blood, raised PaCO₂ is not the same as raised COHb." }, { "name": "Hydrogen cyanide", "difference": "Both are fire gases that cause cellular hypoxia. Cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase and does not raise COHb; separate laboratory assays (COHb versus blood cyanide) and different antidotes." }, { "name": "Simple asphyxiants (N₂, Ar, CH₄)", "difference": "Simple asphyxiants act by displacing oxygen; CO poisons at oxygen levels that would otherwise be survivable. Pulse oximeters read COHb as oxyhaemoglobin; use co-oximetry." }, { "name": "Methane and other fuel gases", "difference": "Shared explosion risk, but methane's LEL is much lower (~5%) and it is not toxic at low ppm. A combustible-gas LEL head is not a CO detector; use an electrochemical CO cell." }, { "name": "Phosgene and other carbonyls", "difference": "Phosgene (COCl₂) is a delayed pulmonary irritant, not a COHb former. Identity is by GC or FTIR, not by a CO alarm." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of carbon monoxide this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does an existing Vercy world model already own carbon monoxide, requiring this registry entry to link to it rather than create a second model?", "Which authoritative sources should establish CO property data, equipment compatibility and combustion limits across the intended operating conditions?", "Which detector technologies and analytical methods must be supported, and what CO-specific interference and calibration limitations apply to each?", "Which jurisdictions and use settings are intended, and which exposure criteria, alarm requirements and response procedures apply in each?", "Should dissolved and adsorbed CO be fully represented here or handled through links to solution and surface models, and where is the boundary with coordinated carbonyl species?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "chemical substance or material", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a carbon monoxide, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise carbon monoxide, assess its condition and presence in a specific context, and determine which handling, monitoring or transformation actions are supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "natural", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured", "consumed or used up" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: carbon monoxide c-11, O-15carbon monoxide, Carbon-13C monoxide.", "3 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 108 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a carbon monoxide, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state", "use it up, and then need more of it" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by sight in any reliable way. Appearance varies with grade, form and additives; identification is by label, by documentation, or by assay." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "carbon monoxide c-11", "O-15carbon monoxide", "Carbon-13C monoxide" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 108 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 3 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one carbon monoxide from another, and a carbon monoxide from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a carbon monoxide sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a carbon monoxide from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a carbon monoxide is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a carbon monoxide is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a carbon monoxide is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a carbon monoxide is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a carbon monoxide is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a carbon monoxide is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a carbon monoxide passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a carbon monoxide between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a carbon monoxide, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a carbon monoxide is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "use-and-operation", "name": "Use and operation", "description": "What can be done with a carbon monoxide and what it takes to do it.", "rationale": "An agent that can recognise a thing but not act on it has only half a model.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-use", "name": "Intended use and function", "description": "What a carbon monoxide is for, and what it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose", "name": "Function, purpose and misuse", "description": "The function a carbon monoxide performs and the uses that fall outside it.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-and-purpose-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the use of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the use of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "function-and-purpose-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the use of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-and-procedure", "name": "Handling and procedure", "description": "The steps, skills and tools involved in using a carbon monoxide.", "findings": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills", "name": "Procedures, skills and required tools", "description": "What an agent needs before it can act on a carbon monoxide at all.", "questions": [ { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes handling a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about handling a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "procedures-and-skills-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once handling a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "supply-and-consumption", "name": "Supply and consumption", "description": "Quantities, rates and what running out means.", "findings": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock", "name": "Consumption, stock and replenishment", "description": "How much of a carbon monoxide there is and how fast it goes.", "questions": [ { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the supply of a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the supply of a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "consumption-and-stock-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the supply of a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "composition-and-identity", "name": "Composition, grade and chemical identity", "description": "What carbon monoxide is made of and how pure the thing in hand is.", "rationale": "Grade decides what a substance may be used for, so a model that records only the name cannot support any decision about use.", "layers": [ { "id": "chemical-identity", "name": "Chemical identity", "description": "Formula, structure and the registry numbers that name it unambiguously.", "findings": [ { "id": "identity-record", "name": "Identity and registry numbers", "description": "What identifies this substance across suppliers and regulators.", "questions": [ { "id": "identity-record-q01", "text": "What formula, structure and registry identifiers name carbon monoxide unambiguously?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "identity-record-q02", "text": "Which related substances share a name in common use but not an identifier?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "grade-and-impurities", "name": "Grade, purity and impurities", "description": "The specification a batch meets and what else is in it.", "findings": [ { "id": "specification", "name": "Specification and assay", "description": "How purity is stated and measured, and which impurities matter.", "questions": [ { "id": "specification-q01", "text": "What grades of carbon monoxide exist, how is purity assayed, and which impurities are limited?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "specification-q02", "text": "Which use requires which grade, and what happens when a lower grade is substituted?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "properties-and-behaviour", "name": "Properties and behaviour", "description": "How carbon monoxide behaves under conditions an agent can measure or change.", "rationale": "Physical constants are the part of a substance model that transfers between contexts, and each needs its unit and its conditions.", "layers": [ { "id": "physical-constants", "name": "Physical constants", "description": "Values that hold for the pure substance, with their conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "constants-record", "name": "Constants and conditions", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the state they apply in.", "questions": [ { "id": "constants-record-q01", "text": "What are the defining physical constants of carbon monoxide, in what units and under what conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "constants-record-q02", "text": "Which of these values change with grade or form rather than being fixed?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stability-and-reactivity", "name": "Stability and reactivity", "description": "What it reacts with, degrades into, and how it is stored.", "findings": [ { "id": "incompatibilities", "name": "Incompatibilities and degradation", "description": "What must not meet it, and what it becomes over time.", "questions": [ { "id": "incompatibilities-q01", "text": "What is carbon monoxide incompatible with, and what does it degrade into under storage?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "incompatibilities-q02", "text": "What storage and handling does that require, and who is competent to do it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "hazard-and-regulation", "name": "Hazard classification and regulation", "description": "How carbon monoxide can harm, and what the law says about holding and moving it.", "rationale": "A substance model without its hazard class and its regulatory identity is unusable in exactly the situations that matter.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazard-class", "name": "Hazard classification", "description": "Classified hazards, exposure limits and protective measures.", "findings": [ { "id": "classified-hazards", "name": "Classified hazards and limits", "description": "The classification, the scheme it belongs to, and the limits set.", "questions": [ { "id": "classified-hazards-q01", "text": "How is carbon monoxide classified for hazard, under which scheme, and what exposure limits apply?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "classified-hazards-q02", "text": "What protection does handling require, and what must an agent refuse to do without it?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "regulatory-identity", "name": "Regulatory identity and control", "description": "Registration, restriction and transport rules by jurisdiction.", "findings": [ { "id": "controls", "name": "Controls and jurisdiction", "description": "Where it is restricted and what the restriction attaches to.", "questions": [ { "id": "controls-q01", "text": "Which registrations, restrictions or transport rules cover carbon monoxide, and where?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "controls-q02", "text": "Does the control attach to the substance, its concentration, or its intended use?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a carbon monoxide came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a carbon monoxide and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a carbon monoxide is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a carbon monoxide, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a carbon monoxide, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a carbon monoxide is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 9, "layers": 20, "findings": 22, "questions": 60 } } } }