{ "model": { "rank": 4089, "code": "thing-q202575", "model_id": "vr.tr.fulbe-people", "name": "Fulbe people", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Fulbe people as a diverse collective identity, assess evidence about particular communities and support culturally appropriate research, description and engagement.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Society, people and institutions", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "SOC", "domain": "SOC.PER", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q202575/", "tier": 2, "score": 78, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 78, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q202575", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202575", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T19:27:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 23.9, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a2-615f-7cb1-bae5-f7532c95c868\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Fulbe people\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: SOC.PER\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 695 things:\n# Batch 004: 1001 reg", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 73.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087a2-6155-7572-9302-aca5865d74a3\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Fulbe people\nRegistry id: vr.tr.fulbe-people\nPlane / domain: SOC / SOC.PER\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q202575", "registryId": "vr.tr.fulbe-people", "name": "Fulbe people", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "SOC.PER" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q202575/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.fulbe-people", "name": "Fulbe people", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise Fulbe people as a diverse collective identity, assess evidence about particular communities and support culturally appropriate research, description and engagement.", "definition": "The Fulbe, also known as Fula, Fulani or Peul, are a widely dispersed ethnolinguistic people of West and Central Africa, associated with related Fula language varieties and diverse pastoral, agricultural and urban communities.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the collective identity registered as vr.tr.fulbe-people in SOC / SOC.PER, including contextual naming, community affiliations, cultural transmission and historical relationships; it does not determine an individual's ethnicity.", "in_scope": [ "Fulbe self-designations, external names and their contextual equivalence", "Regional communities, overlapping affiliations and diaspora connections", "Relationships between collective identity, language use and cultural transmission", "Locally documented livelihood practices, social institutions and historical experiences", "Evidence quality, community representation and appropriate uses of collective descriptions" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Individual biographies, personal ethnic classification and genetic ancestry", "The grammar and linguistic classification of Fula language varieties", "Pastoralism, livestock breeds and herd management as independent subjects", "Historical states, religious movements and contemporary organisations as separate entities", "Citizenship, national populations and administrative territories", "Attribution of armed activity or political positions to an ethnic population" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "The referent is a people or community identified as Fulbe in a documented context, rather than a language, occupation or state.", "Names such as Fulbe, Fulɓe, Fula, Fulani and Peul require contextual equivalence checks; their appearance alone does not establish identical local boundaries.", "Speaking a Fula variety provides linguistic information but does not independently establish Fulbe identification.", "Cattle keeping, mobility, dress, surname and religious affiliation cannot independently establish membership.", "A claim about one Fulbe community requires an explicit regional and temporal scope before it can inform a description of the wider people." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Contextual ethnonym", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Recorded name, spelling, language, self-designation or external designation, locality and period", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition without treating every ethnonym as an exact synonym in every setting." }, { "name": "Basis of collective identification", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Community self-description, attributed identification, administrative classification, scholarly interpretation, contested or unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes community accounts from categories imposed by observers." }, { "name": "Regional and local affiliation", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Named community linked to a locality, region, wider affiliation and dated evidence", "why_it_matters": "Prevents local evidence from becoming an unsupported statement about all Fulbe." }, { "name": "Language repertoire", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Locally named varieties, including relevant Fulfulde, Pulaar or Pular designations, other languages and domains of use", "why_it_matters": "Supports communication and transmission analysis without equating language with ethnic membership." }, { "name": "Livelihood and mobility profile", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Documented livelihood mix and settled, seasonally mobile, otherwise mobile or displaced circumstances, with place and date", "why_it_matters": "Separates identity from occupation and distinguishes planned mobility from forced movement." }, { "name": "Meaning attributed to pulaaku", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Local term, explanation, speaker context, interpretation and documented disagreement", "why_it_matters": "Allows different community and scholarly interpretations without imposing a universal behavioural standard." }, { "name": "Population estimate basis", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Persons, reference year, territory, identification criterion, collection method and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Prevents ethnic identification counts from being conflated with language-speaker or occupational counts." }, { "name": "Representative mandate", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Organisation or representative, named constituency, issue, authority basis and validity period", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whom a consulted party can reasonably speak for." } ], "affordances": [ "Resolve Fulbe-related names to this registry entry when contextual evidence supports equivalence.", "Compare regional community accounts while retaining their locality, period and disagreements.", "Select suitable language varieties and community contacts for a defined engagement.", "Identify missing evidence behind demographic, cultural or historical claims.", "Link communities to relevant language, livelihood, institution and historical-event models.", "Flag descriptions that infer identity from appearance, occupation or collective stereotypes." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "fulbe-names-and-boundaries", "name": "Fulbe names and identity boundaries", "description": "How this registered people is named and distinguished from overlapping linguistic, regional and social categories.", "rationale": "Recognition depends on contextual identity evidence rather than a universal synonym list or membership test.", "layers": [ { "id": "ethnonyms-in-context", "name": "Ethnonyms in context", "description": "The referents and provenance of names used for Fulbe communities.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-equivalence", "name": "Contextual name equivalence", "description": "Record where Fulbe, Fulɓe, Fula, Fulani, Peul or another designation refers to this collective, including who uses the name.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which names does the community use for itself, and which names originate with other speakers or institutions?", "kind": "definition", "id": "name-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the source use its designation for Fulbe people, language speakers or a narrower regional community?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "name-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "overlapping-affiliations", "name": "Overlapping affiliations", "description": "Relationships between Fulbe identification and other locally meaningful identities.", "findings": [ { "id": "community-boundary-accounts", "name": "Community accounts of affiliation", "description": "Investigate relationships involving names such as Wodaabe, Mbororo, Toucouleur and Haalpulaar without assuming a fixed hierarchy or creating new registry entries.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do people using these names describe their relationship to Fulbe identification in the locality being modelled?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "community-boundary-accounts-q01" }, { "text": "Which community accounts support that relationship, and where do accounts disagree?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "community-boundary-accounts-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fulbe-regions-and-histories", "name": "Regional presence and historical connections", "description": "Situated accounts of Fulbe communities, their movements and their historical relationships.", "rationale": "A transregional collective requires local and dated evidence rather than one origin story or undifferentiated population total.", "layers": [ { "id": "community-geographies", "name": "Community geographies", "description": "Documented locations and connections between communities.", "findings": [ { "id": "dated-presence-and-counts", "name": "Dated presence and population evidence", "description": "Record community presence and estimates with explicit geographical boundaries and identification criteria.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which Fulbe communities are documented in each relevant locality, and for what dates?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "dated-presence-and-counts-q01" }, { "text": "Does each population estimate count self-identified Fulbe, administratively classified people or language speakers?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "dated-presence-and-counts-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "historical-affiliations", "name": "Historical affiliations", "description": "Migration accounts and relationships to political and religious histories.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-without-collective-equivalence", "name": "Scoped historical relationships", "description": "Distinguish community histories from histories of associated states, ruling groups or movements, including where research concerns Futa Toro, Futa Jallon, Maasina or Sokoto.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which oral accounts, documents or studies support the proposed migration or historical affiliation?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "history-without-collective-equivalence-q01" }, { "text": "Does the historical claim concern a dynasty, movement, local community or the wider Fulbe collective?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "history-without-collective-equivalence-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fulbe-language-and-cultural-transmission", "name": "Language and cultural transmission", "description": "How communities communicate, explain identity and transmit cultural knowledge.", "rationale": "Language and pulaaku need local interpretation rather than treatment as mandatory identity qualifications.", "layers": [ { "id": "language-use-and-access", "name": "Language use and access", "description": "Community language repertoires and practical communication requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "variety-and-medium-selection", "name": "Appropriate variety and medium", "description": "Determine locally preferred language names, varieties, scripts and oral or written formats before choosing communication materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which language varieties and oral or written formats are used by the intended community and audience?", "kind": "definition", "id": "variety-and-medium-selection-q01" }, { "text": "Who can review whether a translation and its script are locally comprehensible and appropriate?", "kind": "action", "id": "variety-and-medium-selection-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pulaaku-and-transmission", "name": "Pulaaku and cultural transmission", "description": "Locally expressed meanings and practices associated with Fulbe identity.", "findings": [ { "id": "situated-pulaaku-meanings", "name": "Situated meanings of pulaaku", "description": "Research documents differences between interpretations of pulaaku as moral conduct and as community, making local attribution essential. See [Breedveld and De Bruijn's study](https://www.persee.fr/doc/cea_0008-0055_1996_num_36_144_1868).", "questions": [ { "text": "What does pulaaku mean to the speakers represented here, and how does that meaning vary within the community?", "kind": "definition", "id": "situated-pulaaku-meanings-q01" }, { "text": "Which accounts document its transmission through conversation, oral literature, education or other practices?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "situated-pulaaku-meanings-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fulbe-livelihoods-and-social-relations", "name": "Livelihoods and social relations", "description": "Local livelihood arrangements, mobility and institutions relevant to understanding particular Fulbe communities.", "rationale": "The model must support accounts of pastoral and other lives without turning an occupational association into an ethnic definition.", "layers": [ { "id": "livelihood-and-mobility-context", "name": "Livelihood and mobility context", "description": "How documented communities sustain themselves and organise movement.", "findings": [ { "id": "pastoralism-as-contextual-relation", "name": "Pastoralism as a contextual relationship", "description": "Record cattle keeping and seasonal movement where supported, alongside farming, trade, employment or other documented livelihoods.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which livelihoods and mobility patterns are documented for this community and period?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "pastoralism-as-contextual-relation-q01" }, { "text": "Which claims describe pastoral Fulbe specifically, and would be misleading if applied to all Fulbe?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "pastoralism-as-contextual-relation-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "social-and-religious-institutions", "name": "Social and religious institutions", "description": "Locally documented kinship, authority, religious life and social distinctions.", "findings": [ { "id": "institutions-and-internal-differences", "name": "Institutions and internal differences", "description": "Investigate local authority, kinship and religious institutions, including evidence of gender, generation or inherited-status differences without presenting them as universal or legitimate hierarchies.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which institutions and social distinctions do local accounts identify, and whose perspectives are missing?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "institutions-and-internal-differences-q01" }, { "text": "How do institutional roles differ across settlements, generations and livelihood settings?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "institutions-and-internal-differences-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fulbe-representation-and-evidence-use", "name": "Representation and evidence use", "description": "Who speaks for particular communities and how agents may use claims about Fulbe people.", "rationale": "A diverse people is not a single decision-making body, and collective descriptions require limits on representation and inference.", "layers": [ { "id": "community-voice-and-mandate", "name": "Community voice and mandate", "description": "The constituency and limits of representatives, associations and consulted sources.", "findings": [ { "id": "bounded-representative-authority", "name": "Bounded representative authority", "description": "Record which Fulbe constituency a spokesperson or organisation represents and on which issues.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence establishes the representative's constituency, mandate and period of authority?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "bounded-representative-authority-q01" }, { "text": "Which additional community perspectives must be consulted before acting on this representation?", "kind": "action", "id": "bounded-representative-authority-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "claim-scope-and-correction", "name": "Claim scope and correction", "description": "Rules for interpreting and revising potentially misleading collective claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevent-ethnic-overgeneralisation", "name": "Prevent ethnic overgeneralisation", "description": "Separate claims about Fulbe people from claims about particular herders, officials, organisations or armed actors; retain attribution, date and correction history.", "questions": [ { "text": "Does the evidence concern a named actor or defined community rather than Fulbe people collectively?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "prevent-ethnic-overgeneralisation-q01" }, { "text": "Should the agent narrow, qualify or withhold the claim because its attribution or community coverage is insufficient?", "kind": "action", "id": "prevent-ethnic-overgeneralisation-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The supplied occupation-or-role framing does not fit this thing: Fulbe denotes a people.", "Community boundaries and subgroup names require local verification; the listed kinds are illustrative and not a mutually exclusive taxonomy.", "Population totals, geographic distributions and relationships among Fulbe and neighbouring identities require explicit dates and classification criteria." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Woɗaaɓe", "Fulbe of Futa Jallon", "Fulbe of Futa Toro", "Maasina Fulbe" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "ISO 639-1", "value_or_pattern": "ff", "note": "Identifies the Fula language, not the Fulbe people or an individual's ethnicity." }, { "scheme": "ISO 639-3", "value_or_pattern": "ful", "note": "Identifies the Fulah macrolanguage; individual language varieties have separate codes." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Ethnic self-identification and community affiliation.", "Language education, translation and cultural heritage work.", "Historical study of migration, pastoralism and West African states.", "Locally contextualized demographic and ethnographic classification." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Treating Fulbe identity as an occupation or assuming all Fulbe are nomadic cattle herders.", "Equating ethnicity with language use, nationality or religion.", "Presenting geographically dispersed communities as a single political or culturally uniform population.", "Using ethnic labels to assign collective responsibility for violence or land-use conflicts.", "Combining population estimates that use incompatible definitions of ethnicity and language." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fula and Fulani are common English-language names, Peul is common in French, and Fulɓe is a collective self-designation; usage varies by context.", "Language names include Pulaar in Senegal and Mauritania and Pular in Guinea, alongside varieties commonly called Fulfulde farther east.", "Livelihoods and social organization vary across pastoral, farming and urban communities throughout West and Central Africa." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Fula language", "difference": "A language grouping; speaking it and identifying as Fulbe are related but distinct attributes." }, { "name": "Woɗaaɓe", "difference": "A more specific community identity generally situated within the wider Fulbe population." }, { "name": "Hausa", "difference": "A distinct ethnolinguistic identity with its own language, despite extensive historical interaction and overlapping identities." }, { "name": "Pastoralist", "difference": "A livelihood category that includes people from many ethnic groups and excludes many Fulbe." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Fulbe people this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which community-reviewed sources establish the local equivalences and boundaries of Fulbe, Fulani, Peul, Wodaabe, Mbororo, Toucouleur and Haalpulaar?", "Which population estimates distinguish ethnic self-identification from language use and provide comparable geographical and temporal coverage?", "How do meanings of pulaaku and methods of cultural transmission vary across regions, generations and diaspora settings?", "Which histories of migration, political affiliation and inherited social status remain disputed, and how should competing accounts be represented?", "Which existing Vercy publications overlap this concept, and which community organisations can review the model within an explicitly bounded mandate?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 17, "questions": 27 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "occupation or role", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Fulbe people, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise Fulbe people as a diverse collective identity, assess evidence about particular communities and support culturally appropriate research, description and engagement.", "characteristics": { "substance": "social", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Fulbe people, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a social arrangement between people", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Not recognisable by appearance, and guessing from dress or setting is how an agent gets this wrong. Recognised by qualification, licence or engagement." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 78 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Fulbe people from another, and a Fulbe people from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Fulbe people sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Fulbe people from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Fulbe people is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Fulbe people is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Fulbe people moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Fulbe people passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Fulbe people between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Fulbe people, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Fulbe people is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "people-and-responsibility", "name": "People, roles and responsibility", "description": "Who stands in what relation to a Fulbe people.", "rationale": "Social things are defined by the relations people hold to them, and those relations change without the thing changing.", "layers": [ { "id": "roles-and-parties", "name": "Roles and parties", "description": "The roles that exist around a Fulbe people and who fills them.", "findings": [ { "id": "role-assignments", "name": "Role assignments and their validity", "description": "Who holds which role over a Fulbe people, from when, and on whose authority.", "questions": [ { "id": "role-assignments-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a role over a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a role over a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "role-assignments-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a role over a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ownership-and-accountability", "name": "Ownership and accountability", "description": "Who answers for a Fulbe people and who may decide about it.", "findings": [ { "id": "accountability", "name": "Accountability and decision rights", "description": "Where responsibility for a Fulbe people sits when something goes wrong.", "questions": [ { "id": "accountability-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes responsibility for a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about responsibility for a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "accountability-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once responsibility for a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "competence-and-licence", "name": "Competence, qualification and licence", "description": "What someone must be able to do, and be permitted to do, as Fulbe people.", "rationale": "The permission is jurisdictional and the competence is not, and conflating them is how an agent concludes someone may practise when they may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "competences", "name": "Competences and qualifications", "description": "Skills and credentials the role assumes.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualification-record", "name": "Qualifications and how they are evidenced", "description": "What counts as qualified, and what proves it.", "questions": [ { "id": "qualification-record-q01", "text": "What competences and qualifications does Fulbe people require, and how is each evidenced?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "qualification-record-q02", "text": "Which qualifications transfer between jurisdictions and which do not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "licensing", "name": "Licensing and the right to practise", "description": "Who grants permission, where it holds, and when it lapses.", "findings": [ { "id": "licence-record", "name": "Licence, issuer and validity", "description": "The permission, its issuer, its territory and its expiry.", "questions": [ { "id": "licence-record-q01", "text": "Who licenses Fulbe people, in which territory, and for how long?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "licence-record-q02", "text": "What may an unlicensed person not do, and what must an agent refuse to assume?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "tasks-and-accountability", "name": "Tasks, employment and accountability", "description": "What Fulbe people actually does and who answers for it.", "rationale": "A role is filled by people under an arrangement, and the arrangement decides liability, supervision and who may instruct whom.", "layers": [ { "id": "tasks", "name": "Tasks and typical duties", "description": "The work itself, and how it differs by setting.", "findings": [ { "id": "duty-record", "name": "Duties and setting", "description": "What the role does and where the work varies.", "questions": [ { "id": "duty-record-q01", "text": "What tasks define Fulbe people, and how do they differ between settings or seniority?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "duty-record-q02", "text": "Which tasks may only be done by this role, and which are shared with neighbouring roles?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "accountability", "name": "Employment and accountability", "description": "The relation under which the work is done and where responsibility sits.", "findings": [ { "id": "responsibility", "name": "Responsibility and supervision", "description": "Who instructs, who supervises, who is liable.", "questions": [ { "id": "responsibility-q01", "text": "Under what arrangement does someone act as Fulbe people, and who supervises or is liable?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "responsibility-q02", "text": "When something goes wrong, what does the model need to have recorded to answer who was responsible?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Fulbe people came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Fulbe people and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Fulbe people is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Fulbe people, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Fulbe people, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Fulbe people is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 7, "layers": 14, "findings": 16, "questions": 44 } } } }