{ "model": { "rank": 3887, "code": "thing-q203133", "model_id": "vr.tr.african-trypanosomiasis", "name": "African trypanosomiasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain human African trypanosomiasis in general terms, relay transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment information from WHO and national programmes, describe the elimination effort, and route personal symptoms or travel questions to clinicians and travel health services.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Activities and processes", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "ACT", "domain": "ACT.PRC", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q203133/", "tier": 2, "score": 80, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infectious disease", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infectious disease" ], "aliasCount": 2, "merged": 2, "knownIn": 80, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q203133", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203133", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T20:42:23Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 3, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q203133", "registryId": "vr.tr.african-trypanosomiasis", "name": "African trypanosomiasis", "version": "0.2.0-wave.3", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "ACT.PRC" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q203133/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.african-trypanosomiasis", "name": "African trypanosomiasis", "purpose": "Let an agent explain human African trypanosomiasis in general terms, relay transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment information from WHO and national programmes, describe the elimination effort, and route personal symptoms or travel questions to clinicians and travel health services.", "definition": "A parasitic disease of humans caused by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or rhodesiense and transmitted by the bite of tsetse flies in sub-Saharan Africa, also called sleeping sickness; it progresses from a blood stage to invasion of the central nervous system with sleep disturbance and neurological signs, is fatal without treatment, and has been reduced to low case numbers by control programmes targeting elimination.", "what_it_is_for": "Not applicable; a disease.", "affordances": [ "explain cause, transmission and course", "relay prevention and travel guidance", "relay diagnosis and treatment information from WHO", "route personal questions to clinicians" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Tsetse fly transmission", "Two disease forms", "Central nervous system stage", "Target of elimination programmes" ], "appearance": "Not visible as an object; fever, swollen lymph nodes and later sleep disturbance and neurological signs in the affected person.", "visual_identification": [ "Trypanosome parasites transmitted by tsetse flies", "Two forms by parasite subspecies, chronic in West and Central Africa, acute in East Africa", "Chagas disease is American trypanosomiasis with a different parasite and vector" ], "physical_properties": [ { "quantity": "reported cases", "typical_range": "under 1000", "unit": "per year", "note": "recent WHO figures; down from tens of thousands" }, { "quantity": "parasite subspecies", "typical_range": "2", "unit": "forms", "note": "gambiense and rhodesiense" } ], "families_and_kinds": [ "gambiense sleeping sickness", "rhodesiense sleeping sickness", "first stage and second stage disease", "animal trypanosomiasis or nagana, related" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "vector-borne disease", "why": "the category" }, { "relation": "is caused by", "target": "Trypanosoma brucei", "why": "the parasite" }, { "relation": "is transmitted by", "target": "tsetse fly", "why": "the vector" }, { "relation": "is confused with", "target": "Chagas disease", "why": "American trypanosomiasis" } ], "identifiers": [ { "scheme": "ICD-10", "value_or_pattern": "B56", "note": "" }, { "scheme": "ICD-11", "value_or_pattern": "1F51", "note": "" } ], "standards_and_regulation": [ "WHO guidelines on diagnosis and treatment", "WHO neglected tropical disease road map elimination targets", "National control programmes and surveillance" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Death if untreated", "Late diagnosis in remote areas", "Resurgence if surveillance lapses", "Agents giving personal medical advice" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What the disease is.", "rationale": "General information.", "layers": [ { "id": "cause", "name": "Cause", "description": "Cause and transmission.", "findings": [ { "id": "cause-finding", "name": "Cause", "description": "Cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What causes the disease, how is it transmitted, and where does it occur?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is the user describing their own symptoms after travel, which needs a clinician?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "course", "name": "Course", "description": "Stages.", "findings": [ { "id": "course-finding", "name": "Course", "description": "Course.", "questions": [ { "text": "How does the disease progress in each form, and what are the signs?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Which entry fits Chagas disease?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "prevent", "name": "Prevent", "description": "Prevention and control.", "rationale": "Public health.", "layers": [ { "id": "prevention", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Personal prevention.", "findings": [ { "id": "prevention-finding", "name": "Prevention", "description": "Prevention.", "questions": [ { "text": "What prevention do travel health authorities advise in affected areas?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits travel medicine?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "control", "name": "Control", "description": "Vector control and screening.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-finding", "name": "Control", "description": "Control.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do programmes control tsetse flies and screen populations?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits vector control?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "care", "name": "Care", "description": "Diagnosis and treatment.", "rationale": "Clinical.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnosis", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnosis-finding", "name": "Diagnosis", "description": "Diagnosis.", "questions": [ { "text": "How is the disease diagnosed and staged, in general terms?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits parasitology tests?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "treatment", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "findings": [ { "id": "treatment-finding", "name": "Treatment", "description": "Treatment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What treatments do WHO guidelines describe, including newer oral drugs?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation free of personal treatment advice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "elimination", "name": "Elimination", "description": "Elimination and history.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "progress", "name": "Progress", "description": "Elimination progress.", "findings": [ { "id": "progress-finding", "name": "Progress", "description": "Progress.", "questions": [ { "text": "What progress has been made toward elimination, with figures and sources?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which sources and years are cited?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History and research.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is the history of the disease and its control, and which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits neglected tropical diseases?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should the two forms be separate entries?", "How should WHO data be linked by year?", "How should elimination status be recorded by country?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a African trypanosomiasis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain human African trypanosomiasis in general terms, relay transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment information from WHO and national programmes, describe the elimination effort, and route personal symptoms or travel questions to clinicians and travel health services.", "characteristics": { "substance": "activity", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infectious disease, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infectious disease.", "2 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a African trypanosomiasis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "something that happens over time", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infectious disease", "Trypanosoma brucei gambiense infectious disease" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 80 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 2 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one African trypanosomiasis from another, and a African trypanosomiasis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a African trypanosomiasis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a African trypanosomiasis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a African trypanosomiasis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a African trypanosomiasis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a African trypanosomiasis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a African trypanosomiasis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "process-and-outcome", "name": "Process, inputs and outcome", "description": "How a African trypanosomiasis proceeds, what it needs and what it leaves behind.", "rationale": "An activity is known by its steps and its results, and both have to be recordable while it is still running.", "layers": [ { "id": "steps-and-sequence", "name": "Steps and sequence", "description": "The steps of a African trypanosomiasis, their order and what may run in parallel.", "findings": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions", "name": "Steps, preconditions and completion", "description": "What has to be true before each step of a African trypanosomiasis and what marks it done.", "questions": [ { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a step of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a step of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "steps-and-preconditions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a step of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-results", "name": "Inputs, resources and results", "description": "What a African trypanosomiasis consumes and what it produces.", "findings": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs", "name": "Inputs, outputs and side effects", "description": "The resources a African trypanosomiasis takes and the results it leaves, wanted or not.", "questions": [ { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the inputs and results of a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the inputs and results of a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "inputs-and-outputs-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the inputs and results of a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What African trypanosomiasis is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of African trypanosomiasis are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is African trypanosomiasis operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of African trypanosomiasis and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of African trypanosomiasis?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as African trypanosomiasis?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a African trypanosomiasis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a African trypanosomiasis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a African trypanosomiasis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a African trypanosomiasis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a African trypanosomiasis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a African trypanosomiasis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }