{ "model": { "rank": 6071, "code": "thing-q203290", "model_id": "vr.tr.yoke", "name": "yoke", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a bodily load-bearing yoke, assess its fit and condition, and determine whether and how it may connect a bearer to a carried load or drawn implement.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q203290/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "horse collar" ], "aliasCount": 1, "merged": 1, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.yoke-group", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q203290", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q203290", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T11:24:15Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0103547, "turns": 1, "seconds": 168.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 67.8, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b97-7055-7a43-b9c4-40af71b6585d\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: yoke\nRegistry id: vr.tr.yoke\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Vercy model s" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q203290", "registryId": "vr.tr.yoke", "name": "yoke", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q203290/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.yoke", "name": "yoke", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a bodily load-bearing yoke, assess its fit and condition, and determine whether and how it may connect a bearer to a carried load or drawn implement.", "definition": "A yoke is a rigid coupling member - typically a transverse beam with two attachments or a forked fitting - that constrains two animals, two machine elements, or two limbs of a magnetic circuit so they share traction, torque, lift, or flux across a working opening between the arms.", "scope_statement": "Provisionally covers physical yokes fitted across the neck or shoulders of an animal, an animal pair, or a human bearer, including their bearing surfaces, retaining parts and load connections; the registry must still confirm which senses of 'yoke' this entry owns.", "in_scope": [ "Single-animal and paired-animal traction yokes", "Human shoulder yokes for carrying suspended loads", "The frame, body-contact surfaces and associated retaining parts", "Connections through which carried or drawn loads act on the yoke", "Fit, load balance, condition and readiness for a specified use" ], "out_of_scope": [ "The anatomy, health and training of the animal or human bearer", "Complete harness systems whose primary load path does not use a yoke", "Carts, ploughs, containers and other connected loads", "Mechanical coupling yokes, magnetic yokes and aircraft control yokes pending registry clarification", "Garment yokes and figurative uses of the word" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Identify a shaped frame or crosspiece that transfers a carried or drawn load through contact with a bearer's neck or shoulders; a strap alone does not establish a yoke.", "Trace the working load through the proposed yoke: an animal collar, harness component or restraint should not be classified as a yoke solely because it surrounds the neck.", "For a proposed paired-animal yoke, identify two bearer positions connected by the same load-transmitting frame; pairing alone is insufficient.", "For a proposed human carrying yoke, identify a shoulder-bearing surface and intended suspension points rather than treating every carried pole as a yoke.", "Check whether 'yoke' names a bodily load-bearing object or a component in a machine, garment or control system before applying this provisional model." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Yoke use class", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "animal traction | human carrying | unresolved", "why_it_matters": "Determines which fit, attachment and operating questions apply." }, { "name": "Bearer arrangement", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "single bearer | paired bearers | other documented arrangement | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes independent bearing from shared movement and load transfer." }, { "name": "Intended bearer compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified bearer or documented bearer class, with supporting evidence", "why_it_matters": "A yoke's apparent size does not establish that it fits a particular bearer." }, { "name": "Bearing geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "span, contact width, contour and applicable opening dimensions in mm", "why_it_matters": "Supports assessment of contact, clearance and alignment." }, { "name": "Yoke mass", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "kg", "why_it_matters": "The yoke itself adds to the burden supported by its bearer." }, { "name": "Load connection arrangement", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "identified attachment points linked to suspended loads or a draught connection", "why_it_matters": "Reveals the intended load path and possible imbalance." }, { "name": "Documented working limits", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "carried mass in kg or draught force in N, with applicable configuration and evidence; unknown if unestablished", "why_it_matters": "Prevents an agent from inferring allowable use from dimensions or appearance alone." }, { "name": "Bearing and structural condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "recorded defects and their locations, inspection date, and use decision or unresolved status", "why_it_matters": "Damage at a contact surface and damage in the load path require different responses." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify the yoke's intended use and bearer arrangement from observable features and records.", "Measure bearing geometry and compare it with a specified bearer.", "Inspect contact surfaces, retaining parts and load connections before proposed use.", "Configure documented adjustments and compatible attachments.", "Assess load alignment and balance for a specified carrying or traction arrangement.", "Withdraw the yoke from use, arrange repair or seek a fit assessment when relevant evidence is inadequate." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wikipedia-yoke", "title": "Yoke - Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoke", "what_it_supports": "Canonical physical-object senses (draft-animal, carrying, mechanical forked fittings) and the shared coupling morphology.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "faa-phak", "title": "Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge - Federal Aviation Administration", "url": "https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation", "what_it_supports": "Aircraft control yoke as a dual-horn pitch-and-roll inceptor, as distinct from a stick.", "url_status": "blocked" }, { "id": "astm-e1444", "title": "Standard Practice for Magnetic Particle Testing, ASTM E1444/E1444M - ASTM International", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Electromagnetic inspection yokes, pole application, and minimum lifting-power requirements." }, { "id": "asme-b30-20", "title": "Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices, ASME B30.20 - American Society of Mechanical Engineers", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Lifting yokes and related below-the-hook hardware as regulated load-handling equipment." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "yoke-identity", "name": "Yoke identity", "description": "Establishes which physical sense of yoke is present and which use the object supports.", "rationale": "The name alone cannot distinguish bodily load-bearing yokes from unrelated objects or establish a suitable operating arrangement.", "layers": [ { "id": "use-and-bearers", "name": "Use and bearers", "description": "Identifies carrying or traction use and the arrangement of bearers.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-yoke-arrangement", "name": "Intended yoke arrangement", "description": "Record the evidenced use class, bearer count and features supporting that interpretation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this yoke intended for animal traction, human carrying or an unresolved use?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-yoke-arrangement-q01" }, { "text": "What features or records establish its intended bearer arrangement?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "intended-yoke-arrangement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "object-boundary", "name": "Object boundary", "description": "Separates the yoke assembly from its bearer, harness and attached equipment.", "findings": [ { "id": "included-yoke-parts", "name": "Included yoke parts", "description": "Identify which frame, bearing, retaining and connection parts belong to this yoke and which are separate equipment.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which bows, pads, straps, hooks or other fitted parts are included in this yoke assembly?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-yoke-parts-q01" }, { "text": "Where does the yoke end and the harness, draught linkage or suspended load begin?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "included-yoke-parts-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "bearer-fit", "name": "Bearer fit", "description": "Records how the yoke bears against and stays positioned on its intended bearer.", "rationale": "A structurally intact yoke may still be unsuitable because its contact geometry, clearance or retention does not fit the bearer.", "layers": [ { "id": "bearing-surfaces", "name": "Bearing surfaces", "description": "Captures the geometry and condition of surfaces intended to contact the neck or shoulders.", "findings": [ { "id": "contact-fit", "name": "Contact fit", "description": "Record intended contact regions, relevant dimensions and observed fit for an identified bearer.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which neck or shoulder regions are intended to bear the load, and what evidence establishes this?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "contact-fit-q01" }, { "text": "What are the contact width, contour and clearances at each bearer position?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "contact-fit-q02" }, { "text": "What observed mismatch would require adjustment or rejection for this bearer?", "kind": "action", "id": "contact-fit-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "retention-and-movement", "name": "Retention and movement", "description": "Describes how the yoke stays seated while allowing the movements needed for its intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "seating-and-clearance", "name": "Seating and clearance", "description": "Record retaining mechanisms, available adjustments and restrictions observed during a suitable fit assessment.", "questions": [ { "text": "What keeps this yoke seated, and which settings are documented for the intended bearer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "seating-and-clearance-q01" }, { "text": "Does the fitted arrangement shift, pinch or obstruct required movement during assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "seating-and-clearance-q02" }, { "text": "How can the bearer be released from this specific arrangement?", "kind": "action", "id": "seating-and-clearance-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "load-transfer", "name": "Load transfer", "description": "Makes the route from the attached load through the yoke to its bearer explicit.", "rationale": "Connection position, pull direction and unequal loading can change whether a particular yoke configuration is usable.", "layers": [ { "id": "attachments-and-forces", "name": "Attachments and forces", "description": "Identifies the intended load connections and the directions in which they act.", "findings": [ { "id": "working-load-path", "name": "Working load path", "description": "Record each working connection, its mating equipment and the resulting load path through the frame.", "questions": [ { "text": "Where do the draught linkage or carrying suspensions attach, and which parts transfer those forces to the bearer?", "kind": "definition", "id": "working-load-path-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence establishes compatibility between each yoke attachment and its proposed connector?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "working-load-path-q02" }, { "text": "What pull direction or suspension position is intended for this configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "working-load-path-q03" } ] } ] }, { "id": "balance-and-limits", "name": "Balance and limits", "description": "Records loading asymmetry and the evidence supporting proposed working limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "configuration-load-assessment", "name": "Configuration load assessment", "description": "Assess the proposed load distribution without assuming equal sharing or inferring capacity from appearance.", "questions": [ { "text": "What carried masses or draught forces are expected at each connection in the proposed use?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "configuration-load-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports the working limits for this yoke and configuration?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "configuration-load-assessment-q02" }, { "text": "What change to load placement or connection geometry is needed if the arrangement twists or loads one bearer disproportionately?", "kind": "action", "id": "configuration-load-assessment-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "fitness-for-use", "name": "Fitness for use", "description": "Connects yoke-specific defects, repairs and fit observations to an operating decision.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a complete-looking yoke from one whose frame, bearing surfaces and connections support the intended task.", "layers": [ { "id": "frame-and-contact-condition", "name": "Frame and contact condition", "description": "Inspects damage where the yoke carries force or touches its bearer.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequential-yoke-defects", "name": "Consequential yoke defects", "description": "Locate cracks, deformation, looseness, wear and harmful surface irregularities relative to the load path and bearing regions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What defects occur at bearing contours, retaining-part seats and working attachment points?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "consequential-yoke-defects-q01" }, { "text": "Which recorded defects prevent fitting, loading or continued use under the applicable assessment criteria?", "kind": "action", "id": "consequential-yoke-defects-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "repair-and-use-decision", "name": "Repair and use decision", "description": "Tracks changes affecting fit or strength and records the resulting readiness decision.", "findings": [ { "id": "qualified-use-status", "name": "Qualified use status", "description": "Record the proposed bearer and task, relevant repairs, assessment evidence and unresolved conditions on use.", "questions": [ { "text": "Have repairs or replacement parts changed the bearing contour, bearer spacing or attachment geometry?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-use-status-q01" }, { "text": "What inspection or fit assessment supports using the yoke with this bearer and load?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "qualified-use-status-q02" }, { "text": "Should this configuration proceed, be adjusted, await assessment or be withdrawn from use?", "kind": "action", "id": "qualified-use-status-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Neck or bow yoke for a pair of draft cattle", "Head or horn yoke for draft cattle", "Human carrying or shoulder yoke (porter's pole)", "Driveshaft or universal-joint yoke (including slip yokes)", "Aircraft control yoke (control wheel)", "Below-the-hook lifting yoke or rigid spreader", "Electromagnetic magnetic-particle inspection yoke", "Magnetic-circuit yoke of a transformer or electrical machine" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q174989", "note": "Draft-animal yoke; other senses (control yoke, magnetic yoke) are separate items and must not be collapsed onto this Q-id." }, { "scheme": "Spicer / SAE U-joint series", "value_or_pattern": "series codes such as 1310, 1330, 1350, 1410", "note": "North American automotive and light-truck driveline yoke interchange, not a global product code." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ASTM E1444/E1444M and ASTM E709 - magnetic-particle testing, including AC/DC electromagnetic yokes (ASTM International)", "ISO 9934-1 - non-destructive testing, magnetic particle testing (ISO)", "ASME B30.20 and ASME BTH-1 - below-the-hook lifting devices, including lifting yokes (ASME)", "14 CFR Parts 23 and 25 - airworthiness standards for flight-control inceptors (FAA); parallel EASA CS-23 / CS-25", "IEC 60076 series - power transformers, core and yoke construction (IEC)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Paired oxen or cattle still draw ploughs and carts with wooden neck or head yokes in parts of Africa, South Asia, and Latin America.", "Transport-category and general-aviation cockpits use a control yoke (or control wheel) for pitch and roll; many Airbus types use a sidestick instead.", "Automotive and industrial drivelines transmit torque through flange, weld, and slip yokes at each end of a propeller shaft.", "Inspectors place AC or DC electromagnetic yokes on welds and steel parts to find surface cracks by magnetic-particle testing.", "Cranes pick up containers, coils, or fabricated assemblies on rigid lifting yokes rated as below-the-hook devices.", "Stacked transformer cores close the magnetic circuit through upper and lower yokes." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Draft-animal yoke beam length (pair)", "typical_range": "1.0-1.8", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Wooden ox-yoke mass", "typical_range": "5-25", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "MPI yoke lifting force (leg span as tested)", "typical_range": "≥4.5 AC; ≥18 DC or permanent-magnet", "unit": "kg" }, { "quantity": "MPI yoke pole spacing in use", "typical_range": "50-200", "unit": "mm" }, { "quantity": "Driveline continuous operating angle at a U-joint yoke", "typical_range": "0-8", "unit": "degree" }, { "quantity": "Transformer yoke flux density (power cores)", "typical_range": "1.4-1.8", "unit": "T" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Ill-fitting animal yokes cause neck galls, restricted breathing, and cervical injury; a broken bow or beam dumps the load onto the animals or the driver.", "Slip-yoke spline wear, seizure, or pull-out throws a driveline and can puncture a floorpan or disable a vehicle.", "Fatigue cracks at U-joint fork ears lead to joint separation under torque.", "Control-yoke jam, cable stretch, or disconnect can take away pitch or roll.", "Lifting-yoke overload, missing pins, or an unstable hitch can drop the load.", "An inspection yoke below required lifting power leaves cracks undetected; coils overheat and can burn the operator.", "Gaps or saturation in a transformer yoke cause local heating, noise, and efficiency loss." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Head (horn) yokes are historically common in Iberia and Latin America; bow or neck yokes dominate much of northern Europe, sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia.", "Aviation English uses yoke or control wheel in North America; Airbus-family aircraft are flown with a sidestick, which is not a yoke.", "UK usage often says propshaft yoke where US usage says driveshaft or slip yoke.", "East Asian carrying poles (e.g. biǎndan, tenbin) are the local form of the human shoulder yoke; European milkmaid yokes are the museum form.", "In Irish English, yoke is also a generic word for an object and does not name this device." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Horse collar (with hames)", "difference": "A collar pads one animal's shoulders and does not couple a pair; a draft yoke is a bar or frame across one or two necks or horns." }, { "name": "Doubletree / evener", "difference": "The evener sits behind the animals and equalizes pull in the traces; it hitches to the yoke or harness but is not the neck coupling." }, { "name": "Clevis", "difference": "A clevis is a small U-shaped pin joint on a single rod end; a mechanical yoke is a load-bearing fork on a shaft, lift, or pair of bodies." }, { "name": "Control stick / sidestick", "difference": "A stick is a single grip moved in two axes; a control yoke is a dual-horn wheel that is rotated for roll and pushed or pulled for pitch." }, { "name": "Spreader beam", "difference": "A spreader is designed mainly in compression with slings at the ends; a lifting yoke usually has rigid attachment points and takes bending as well as compression - check the ASME B30.20 / BTH-1 classification, not the shop name." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of yoke this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does vr.tr.yoke own both animal traction and human carrying yokes, or does its intended scope include mechanical and other physical senses?", "Which existing Vercy models already cover any of these senses or their harness and coupling boundaries?", "Which documented yoke traditions and constructions require additional distinctions in bearing location, retention or bearer arrangement?", "Which authoritative sources establish fit criteria, working limits and rejection criteria for each included yoke type?", "How should locally made, modified or historical yokes be assessed when their intended bearer, original configuration and working limits are undocumented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 9, "findings": 16, "questions": 29 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a yoke, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a bodily load-bearing yoke, assess its fit and condition, and determine whether and how it may connect a bearer to a carried load or drawn implement.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: horse collar.", "1 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a yoke, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "horse collar" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 1 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one yoke from another, and a yoke from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a yoke sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a yoke from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a yoke is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a yoke is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a yoke is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a yoke is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a yoke is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a yoke is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a yoke passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a yoke between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a yoke, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a yoke is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What yoke is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does yoke perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise yoke, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How yoke is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does yoke have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does yoke need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about yoke is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about yoke hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern yoke, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a yoke came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a yoke and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a yoke is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a yoke, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a yoke, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a yoke is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }