{ "model": { "rank": 4698, "code": "thing-q20459", "model_id": "vr.tr.lighter", "name": "lighter", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a lighter, assess its ignition readiness and condition, and determine whether it can be used, serviced, stored or retired.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q20459/", "tier": 2, "score": 73, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "car cigarette lighter", "strike-a-light", "gas lighter", "Clipper", "Döbereiner's lamp" ], "aliasCount": 5, "merged": 5, "knownIn": 73, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.lighter", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q20459", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20459", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-09T20:48:41Z", "providers": [ "Codex" ], "breadth": "recalled by Codex without web access - no source was read", "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "seconds": 21.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ed-0db2-7452-9e4e-aa42a45e1c8c\n--------\nuser\nDescribe what is already known about one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lighter\nSense to describe: (none recorded)\nDomain code: PHY.OBJ\nAlso known as: (none)\n\n\nContext for this batch of 1001 things:\n# Batch 005: 1001 registe", "usd": 0, "recall": true }, "codex": { "seconds": 66.7, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.4\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a087ed-0dbf-7df0-a691-d04e6e60ec71\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: lighter\nRegistry id: vr.tr.lighter\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\n\nContext " } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q20459", "registryId": "vr.tr.lighter", "name": "lighter", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q20459/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.lighter", "name": "lighter", "purpose": "Enable an agent to recognise a lighter, assess its ignition readiness and condition, and determine whether it can be used, serviced, stored or retired.", "definition": "A lighter is a portable ignition device that produces a flame, electric arc or heated element to ignite combustible material, commonly using stored fuel or electrical energy.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the kind of portable, reusable ignition device called a lighter, including fuel-burning and electrically heated or arc-producing variants; it provides observations for assessing particular units without defining a product line or individual unit.", "in_scope": [ "Lighter identity and distinctions among flame, arc and heated-element designs", "Stored fuel or electrical energy and its delivery to the ignition point", "User controls, ignition sequence, output adjustment and shutdown", "Ignition performance, physical condition and protective features", "Refilling, recharging, replaceable consumables and end-of-life condition" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Lighter as a cargo-transfer vessel or comparative adjective", "Matches, standalone fire steels and other ignition tools without an integrated fuel or powered heating system", "Welding torches, cooking burners and dedicated heat-treatment tools", "Fuel chemistry and battery technology as independent material or component models", "Smoking practices and the objects being ignited", "Product listings, ownership records and individual-unit identity" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Its primary intended output is a local ignition source; a lamp primarily supplies illumination and a heater primarily supplies sustained heat.", "It integrates a fuel supply or powered heating mechanism with controls that bring the ignition output into operation.", "It supports repeated activation while its energy supply lasts, unlike a match that consumes its ignition head in one use.", "A flame is not required: a device intended to ignite material through an electric arc or heated element can fall within scope.", "A torch-shaped flame alone does not establish identity; intended ignition use must distinguish a torch lighter from a dedicated heating torch." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Ignition output type", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "soft flame | jet flame | electric arc | heated element | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines suitable ignition targets, inspection points and exposure hazards." }, { "name": "Energy supply", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "liquefied gas | liquid fuel | rechargeable electrical storage | external electrical supply | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Determines replenishment needs and which faults can prevent ignition." }, { "name": "Ignition initiator", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "friction wheel and flint | piezoelectric spark | electronic spark | direct electrical heating | other | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Separates failure of initiation from failure of fuel or power delivery." }, { "name": "Replenishment design", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "non-refillable | fuel-refillable | electrically rechargeable | replaceable energy module | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Prevents treating every depleted lighter as refillable or rechargeable." }, { "name": "Stored energy availability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "available | low | depleted | unknown; record indicator or inspection basis", "why_it_matters": "Supports readiness assessment without equating a failed ignition attempt with depletion." }, { "name": "Fuel capacity", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mL or g, with fuel type and manufacturer basis; not applicable to electric-only designs", "why_it_matters": "Supports identification and replenishment assessment without assuming a universal fill quantity." }, { "name": "Body and ignition reach dimensions", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "mm for body length, width, thickness and distance from grip to ignition outlet", "why_it_matters": "Distinguishes pocket and extended-reach forms and establishes access to recessed ignition targets." }, { "name": "Output magnitude", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "flame height in mm, arc gap in mm or documented heater rating, as applicable", "why_it_matters": "Describes the relevant output without comparing unlike mechanisms through one misleading measure." }, { "name": "Activation and shutdown behaviour", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "hold-to-run | latched operation | lid-controlled | timed cutoff | other; record combinations and observed behaviour", "why_it_matters": "Establishes how ignition starts and whether output stops as intended." }, { "name": "Integrity and serviceability", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "apparently intact | damaged | suspected leak | electrical fault | contaminated | unassessed; multiple values allowed", "why_it_matters": "Separates mere lack of readiness from conditions requiring withdrawal from use." }, { "name": "Applicable instructions and conformity evidence", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "links to manufacturer instructions, issuing bodies, applicable standard editions and supporting records", "why_it_matters": "Connects permitted actions and claimed compliance to evidence specific to the design and market." } ], "affordances": [ "Classify the ignition mechanism and distinguish the lighter from neighbouring ignition or heating tools.", "Assess whether its reach, output type and documented operating limits suit a proposed ignition task.", "Inspect controls, energy availability and visible condition to determine readiness.", "Operate and stop ignition according to the identified design and its instructions.", "Refill, recharge or replace documented service parts when the design permits it.", "Withdraw a faulty lighter from use and determine appropriate storage or disposal handling." ] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "lighter-identity", "name": "Lighter identity", "description": "Establishes the ignition-device sense and the design distinctions that change assessment.", "rationale": "A pocket flame lighter, utility lighter and electric arc lighter share a purpose but require different observations.", "layers": [ { "id": "purpose-and-boundary", "name": "Purpose and boundary", "description": "Recognises the lighter through intended ignition use and integrated energy delivery.", "findings": [ { "id": "integrated-ignition-device", "name": "Integrated ignition device", "description": "Record intended use and the integrated fuel or electrical system that supports repeated ignition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What evidence identifies this as a lighter intended to ignite another material?", "kind": "definition", "id": "integrated-ignition-device-q01" }, { "text": "What distinguishes this design from a match, standalone spark tool, lamp or heating torch?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "integrated-ignition-device-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-and-form", "name": "Output and form", "description": "Identifies the ignition output and its position relative to the user's grip.", "findings": [ { "id": "ignition-interface", "name": "Ignition interface", "description": "Record whether ignition uses flame, arc or a heated element, together with outlet geometry and reach.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which output mechanism does the lighter use, and where must the target be placed relative to it?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ignition-interface-q01" }, { "text": "What are the body dimensions and the distance between the normal grip and ignition outlet?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "ignition-interface-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-and-ignition-path", "name": "Energy and ignition path", "description": "Traces stored energy through the components that produce an ignition source.", "rationale": "An empty reservoir, worn flint, obstructed outlet and electrical fault can all prevent ignition through different causes.", "layers": [ { "id": "energy-storage", "name": "Energy storage", "description": "Identifies the fuel reservoir or electrical supply and evidence of remaining energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "supply-identification", "name": "Supply identification", "description": "Record the specified energy source, capacity where documented, and the basis for judging availability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which fuel or electrical supply is specified by the manufacturer for this design?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "supply-identification-q01" }, { "text": "What capacity and remaining-energy information can be established without unsafe disassembly or trial filling?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "supply-identification-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "energy-conversion", "name": "Energy conversion", "description": "Separates initiation, fuel or current delivery, and the final ignition outlet.", "findings": [ { "id": "ignition-chain", "name": "Ignition chain", "description": "Identify the applicable flint, spark generator, wick, valve, burner, electrode or heating element and its role.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which components initiate ignition and which sustain the flame, arc or heated element?", "kind": "definition", "id": "ignition-chain-q01" }, { "text": "Which observable symptoms distinguish failure to initiate from failure to deliver fuel or electrical power?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "ignition-chain-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-task-fit", "name": "Operation and task fit", "description": "Relates the activation sequence and output behaviour to a proposed ignition task.", "rationale": "Readiness depends on controllable output, suitable access and operation within the specific lighter's limits.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-states", "name": "Controls and states", "description": "Captures how the lighter moves between closed, locked, ready, active and stopped conditions.", "findings": [ { "id": "activation-and-extinction", "name": "Activation and extinction", "description": "Record the actual control sequence, any output adjustment and the mechanism intended to end ignition.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which control actions unlock, initiate, sustain and stop this lighter's output?", "kind": "action", "id": "activation-and-extinction-q01" }, { "text": "Does output stop as specified when the control is released, the lid is closed or the cutoff operates?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "activation-and-extinction-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "output-suitability", "name": "Output suitability", "description": "Assesses access, stability and documented environmental or duration limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "usable-ignition-envelope", "name": "Usable ignition envelope", "description": "Record output characteristics and supported conditions of use without assuming all lighters tolerate wind, inversion or extended activation.", "questions": [ { "text": "Can the outlet reach the intended target while maintaining the clearance required by the instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "usable-ignition-envelope-q01" }, { "text": "What output size, permitted orientation and activation-duration limits are documented for this design?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "usable-ignition-envelope-q02" }, { "text": "Under the stated observation conditions, is the output stable and sufficient for the intended ignition task?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "usable-ignition-envelope-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "ignition-safety-and-assurance", "name": "Ignition safety and assurance", "description": "Assesses unintended activation, loss of containment, abnormal heating and evidence supporting protective claims.", "rationale": "The lighter combines an accessible ignition source with stored energy, making shutdown and containment central to its usable state.", "layers": [ { "id": "hazardous-faults", "name": "Hazardous faults", "description": "Identifies conditions that prevent treating the lighter as ready for use.", "findings": [ { "id": "containment-and-shutdown-faults", "name": "Containment and shutdown faults", "description": "Record suspected fuel leakage, unintended output, failure to extinguish, casing damage or abnormal battery condition where applicable.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is there evidence of leakage, damaged containment, unintended activation or abnormal heating?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "containment-and-shutdown-faults-q01" }, { "text": "Which observed faults require withdrawal from use under the applicable instructions?", "kind": "action", "id": "containment-and-shutdown-faults-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protective-features-and-evidence", "name": "Protective features and evidence", "description": "Separates observed protective mechanisms from claims requiring documented testing.", "findings": [ { "id": "substantiated-protection", "name": "Substantiated protection", "description": "Record locks, guards and cutoffs as fitted features; assess child-resistance or conformity claims through applicable evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protective mechanisms are present, and what evidence shows that they function?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "substantiated-protection-q01" }, { "text": "Which standards, issuing bodies, editions and market requirements apply to this lighter subtype?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "substantiated-protection-q02" }, { "text": "What documentation supports any child-resistance or certification claim beyond an observed marking or lock?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "substantiated-protection-q03" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "replenishment-and-retirement", "name": "Replenishment and retirement", "description": "Determines which maintenance actions the design supports and when service should end.", "rationale": "Disposable, refillable and rechargeable lighters have materially different service paths and residual-energy concerns.", "layers": [ { "id": "permitted-service", "name": "Permitted service", "description": "Identifies compatible replenishment methods and user-serviceable ignition components.", "findings": [ { "id": "design-supported-maintenance", "name": "Design-supported maintenance", "description": "Record whether refilling, charging, flint replacement, wick maintenance or outlet cleaning is supported by the instructions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which replenishment and maintenance actions are explicitly supported for this design?", "kind": "action", "id": "design-supported-maintenance-q01" }, { "text": "Which fuel, charging specifications and replacement consumables are documented as compatible?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "design-supported-maintenance-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "storage-and-end-of-service", "name": "Storage and end of service", "description": "Assesses protection during non-use and the handling implications of residual fuel or electrical energy.", "findings": [ { "id": "residual-energy-disposition", "name": "Residual energy disposition", "description": "Record storage condition, remaining energy and the applicable route for a depleted or faulty lighter.", "questions": [ { "text": "What storage conditions and activation protections are specified for this lighter?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "residual-energy-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Does the lighter retain fuel or electrical energy, and what locally applicable disposal route accepts its condition?", "kind": "action", "id": "residual-energy-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes", "name": "Check these first", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "The intended sense is inferred to be the ignition device because no sense was recorded.", "Standards are recalled by designation; their current editions and applicability to particular lighter technologies require checking.", "The size range is illustrative for common pocket lighters, not a specification; fuel capacity, flame temperature and runtime vary substantially by design." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-confidence-notes-q01", "text": "Which of these check these first hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Disposable gas pocket lighter", "Refillable gas pocket lighter", "Wick-type liquid-fuel lighter", "Jet-flame or torch lighter", "Long-reach utility lighter", "Electric arc or resistance lighter" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "ISO 9994, Lighters - Safety specification, issued by the International Organization for Standardization.", "ISO 22702, Utility lighters - Safety specifications, issued by the International Organization for Standardization." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Lighting cigarettes, cigars and pipes.", "Lighting candles and incense.", "Igniting suitable gas appliances where manual ignition is permitted.", "Starting campfires or barbecue kindling." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Overall length of an ordinary pocket lighter", "typical_range": "Approximately 5-9", "unit": "cm" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Fuel leakage can create a fire hazard; pressurized fuel reservoirs can rupture when overheated.", "Accidental activation or access by children can cause burns or unintended fires.", "Valve or control failure can prevent flame extinction or produce an excessive flame.", "Depleted fuel, worn flints, damaged igniters or obstructed burners can prevent reliable ignition.", "Electric models can cause contact burns or electrical ignition injuries, and damaged rechargeable batteries can overheat." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ "Child-resistance requirements and restrictions on novelty lighters vary by jurisdiction.", "Transport restrictions differ by transport mode, jurisdiction and lighter type." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Recalled without web access and unsourced; every item is a lead to verify.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Match", "difference": "A match consumes its chemically treated head and usually its stem during ignition; a lighter provides repeated ignition from a device." }, { "name": "Fire steel", "difference": "A fire steel produces sparks for separate tinder without a stored fuel supply or electrical power source." }, { "name": "Blowtorch", "difference": "A blowtorch primarily supplies sustained heat for work such as soldering; a lighter primarily initiates combustion, although small torch products overlap." }, { "name": "Igniter", "difference": "Igniter is the broader functional category and includes components built into appliances; a lighter is ordinarily a self-contained portable device." }, { "name": "Lighter vessel", "difference": "The nautical sense denotes a cargo-transfer barge and is outside this ignition-device description." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of lighter this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the registry intend lighter to include electric arc, heated-element and vehicle-mounted cigarette lighters, or should some be linked to neighbouring entries?", "What authoritative intended-use criteria separate a jet-flame lighter from a small heating torch?", "Which safety and child-resistance standards apply to each included subtype and jurisdiction, and what evidence establishes conformity?", "What representative capacities, dimensions, output ranges and operating limits can be supported by manufacturer documentation across the included subtypes?", "Which non-destructive inspection methods and local disposal routes are supported for leaking fuel lighters and damaged rechargeable lighters?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 30 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a lighter, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an agent to recognise a lighter, assess its ignition readiness and condition, and determine whether it can be used, serviced, stored or retired.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: car cigarette lighter, strike-a-light, gas lighter, Clipper, Döbereiner's lamp.", "5 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a lighter, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "car cigarette lighter", "strike-a-light", "gas lighter", "Clipper", "Döbereiner's lamp" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 73 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 5 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one lighter from another, and a lighter from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a lighter sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a lighter from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a lighter is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a lighter is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a lighter is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a lighter is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a lighter is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a lighter is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a lighter passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a lighter between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a lighter, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a lighter is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What lighter is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does lighter perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise lighter, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How lighter is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does lighter have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does lighter need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about lighter is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about lighter hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern lighter, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a lighter came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a lighter and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a lighter is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a lighter, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a lighter, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a lighter is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }