{ "model": { "rank": 8021, "code": "thing-q205143", "model_id": "vr.tr.australian-aboriginal-languages", "name": "Australian Aboriginal languages", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Australian Aboriginal languages and their families respectfully, present documentation and revival efforts with attribution to communities and linguists, support learning where communities permit, and handle cultural protocols.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Information and virtual systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "INF", "domain": "INF.MED", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q205143/", "tier": 2, "score": 52, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "Wangkatha", "Mardo", "Nyangbal", "Tiwi", "Ndrangith", "Wagaydyic", "Gunwinyguan", "Arnhem", "Laragiya", "Ngurmbur", "Umbugarla", "Pama–Nyungan", "Wagiman", "Worimi", "Iwaidjan", "Bindal", "Gangulu", "Tasmanian", "Garawan", "Giyug", "Gudang", "Non-Pama-Nyungan", "Karranga", "Kungarakany", "Bangerang", "Lower Burdekin", "Marranj", "Nauo", "Ngandi", "Ngaygungu", "Nungali", "Thawa", "Wakabunga", "Wergaia", "Wuliwuli", "Wurrugu", "Yugul", "Yuyu", "Kandjerramalh", "Djauan" ], "aliasCount": 306, "merged": 307, "knownIn": 52, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q205143", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205143", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T00:23:59Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q205143", "registryId": "vr.tr.australian-aboriginal-languages", "name": "Australian Aboriginal languages", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "INF.MED" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q205143/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.australian-aboriginal-languages", "name": "Australian Aboriginal languages", "purpose": "Let an agent describe Australian Aboriginal languages and their families respectfully, present documentation and revival efforts with attribution to communities and linguists, support learning where communities permit, and handle cultural protocols.", "definition": "The languages Indigenous to mainland Australia and nearby islands, numbering several hundred at the time of European colonisation and grouped into families of which Pama-Nyungan is the largest alongside non-Pama-Nyungan families, including languages such as Tiwi, Wangkatha and many others; many are endangered or no longer spoken, while others are maintained and revived by their communities, and they are described here in the terms their speakers and communities use.", "what_it_is_for": "Indigenous languages of Australia.", "affordances": [ "describe languages and families", "present documentation and revival", "support learning appropriately", "handle cultural protocols" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Many languages", "Family structure", "Endangerment and revival", "Cultural protocols" ], "appearance": "Not physical; spoken and, increasingly, written languages.", "visual_identification": [ "Indigenous languages of Australia", "Pama-Nyungan and other families", "Torres Strait Islander languages are distinct, and Kriol is a creole" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "Pama-Nyungan languages", "non-Pama-Nyungan families", "sleeping and reawakened languages", "strong languages still learned by children", "contact languages" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "indigenous language", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "languages of Australia", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Indigenous peoples", "why": "speaker communities" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "Uralic", "why": "another language family entry" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "Community protocols for language and cultural knowledge", "Language policy and funding in Australia", "Archive access rules" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Disrespecting community protocols", "Outdated speaker counts", "Presenting languages as extinct when revival is under way" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "The languages.", "rationale": "Attribution.", "layers": [ { "id": "families", "name": "Families", "description": "Families and diversity.", "findings": [ { "id": "families-finding", "name": "Families", "description": "Families.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are Australian Aboriginal languages classified into families, and how many were and are spoken, according to linguists and community sources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific language?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "features", "name": "Features", "description": "Linguistic features.", "findings": [ { "id": "features-finding", "name": "Features", "description": "Features.", "questions": [ { "text": "What linguistic features are characteristic, such as case systems, kinship terms and avoidance registers, as described by linguists?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation respectful of community perspectives?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "community", "name": "Community", "description": "Communities and revival.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "revival", "name": "Revival", "description": "Maintenance and revival.", "findings": [ { "id": "revival-finding", "name": "Revival", "description": "Revival.", "questions": [ { "text": "How are communities maintaining and reviving their languages, and which language centres and programmes exist?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits language revitalisation?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protocols", "name": "Protocols", "description": "Cultural protocols.", "findings": [ { "id": "protocols-finding", "name": "Protocols", "description": "Protocols.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which protocols apply to sharing language and cultural knowledge, and how should agents respect them?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "text": "Who holds authority over a language?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "Learning and resources.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "learning", "name": "Learning", "description": "Learning a language.", "findings": [ { "id": "learning-finding", "name": "Learning", "description": "Learning.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can someone learn an Australian Aboriginal language where communities offer resources?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific resource?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "archives", "name": "Archives", "description": "Documentation and archives.", "findings": [ { "id": "archives-finding", "name": "Archives", "description": "Archives.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which archives and dictionaries document these languages, and what access rules apply?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History and policy.", "rationale": "Context.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did colonisation affect these languages, according to historians and communities?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Is the presentation attributed and neutral?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "policy", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "findings": [ { "id": "policy-finding", "name": "Policy", "description": "Policy.", "questions": [ { "text": "What language policies and recognition exist in Australia today?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should each language be a separate entry?", "How should language centres be linked?", "How should protocols be documented?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "work, medium or creative form", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Australian Aboriginal languages, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent describe Australian Aboriginal languages and their families respectfully, present documentation and revival efforts with attribution to communities and linguists, support learning where communities permit, and handle cultural protocols.", "characteristics": { "substance": "information", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "read and interpreted", "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: Wangkatha, Mardo, Nyangbal, Tiwi, Ndrangith, Wagaydyic, Gunwinyguan, Arnhem, Laragiya, Ngurmbur, Umbugarla, Pama–Nyungan.", "307 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Australian Aboriginal languages, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "content that has to be carried by something else", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "read it and act on what it says", "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "What is seen is a copy or a performance, not the work. Recognising the work means recognising the content through whatever is carrying it." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "Wangkatha", "Mardo", "Nyangbal", "Tiwi", "Ndrangith", "Wagaydyic", "Gunwinyguan", "Arnhem", "Laragiya", "Ngurmbur", "Umbugarla", "Pama–Nyungan" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 52 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 307 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Australian Aboriginal languages from another, and a Australian Aboriginal languages from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Australian Aboriginal languages sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Australian Aboriginal languages from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Australian Aboriginal languages passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Australian Aboriginal languages between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Australian Aboriginal languages, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Australian Aboriginal languages is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "content-and-access", "name": "Content, encoding and access", "description": "What a Australian Aboriginal languages says, how it is encoded and who may read it.", "rationale": "An informational thing carries content that can be copied, versioned and withheld, none of which its physical carrier explains.", "layers": [ { "id": "content-and-encoding", "name": "Content and encoding", "description": "The content itself, its format and its language.", "findings": [ { "id": "content-and-format", "name": "Content, format and language", "description": "What a Australian Aboriginal languages contains and in what form it is held.", "questions": [ { "id": "content-and-format-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the content of a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the content of a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "content-and-format-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the content of a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "access-and-rights", "name": "Access, rights and retention", "description": "Who may read, copy or change it, and for how long it is kept.", "findings": [ { "id": "access-rules", "name": "Access rules and retention", "description": "The permissions attached to a Australian Aboriginal languages and the period it survives.", "questions": [ { "id": "access-rules-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes access to a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about access to a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "access-rules-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once access to a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "work-and-manifestation", "name": "Work, version and copy", "description": "Which level of Australian Aboriginal languages a statement is about.", "rationale": "The work, the edition, the file and the copy in hand are four things; rights and content attach to different ones.", "layers": [ { "id": "levels", "name": "Levels of the thing", "description": "Work, expression, manifestation and item, in plain terms.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs at each level", "description": "Which facts hold for the work and which only for one copy.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "For Australian Aboriginal languages, which facts belong to the work itself, which to a version, and which to a single copy?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifier exists at each level, and which one is being cited?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "versions", "name": "Versions, editions and variants", "description": "How versions differ and which is canonical to whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "version-record", "name": "Versions and canonicity", "description": "Differences that matter and who calls one authoritative.", "questions": [ { "id": "version-record-q01", "text": "Which versions or editions of Australian Aboriginal languages exist, and how do they differ substantively?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "version-record-q02", "text": "Who treats which version as authoritative, and for what purpose?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "authorship-and-rights", "name": "Authorship, rights and permitted use", "description": "Who made Australian Aboriginal languages and what may be done with it.", "rationale": "Rights are jurisdictional, time-limited and attached to a level, and an agent that ignores that will copy what it may not.", "layers": [ { "id": "authorship", "name": "Authorship and contribution", "description": "Who contributed what, and in what capacity.", "findings": [ { "id": "contribution-record", "name": "Contributors and roles", "description": "The people and bodies behind it, with their roles.", "questions": [ { "id": "contribution-record-q01", "text": "Who authored or contributed to Australian Aboriginal languages, in what roles, and how is that attested?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "contribution-record-q02", "text": "Where authorship is disputed or anonymous, what is recorded instead?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "rights", "name": "Rights and permissions", "description": "Which rights subsist, where, until when, and what they permit.", "findings": [ { "id": "rights-record", "name": "Rights, term and permitted acts", "description": "The regime in force and what it allows.", "questions": [ { "id": "rights-record-q01", "text": "What rights subsist in Australian Aboriginal languages, in which jurisdictions, and until when?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "rights-record-q02", "text": "Which acts are permitted without further permission, and which must an agent refuse?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Australian Aboriginal languages is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 12, "findings": 14, "questions": 38 } } } }