{ "model": { "rank": 6506, "code": "thing-q205451", "model_id": "vr.tr.propeller", "name": "propeller", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a propeller, assess its suitability and condition, and determine which installation, operation, adjustment or maintenance actions are supported by evidence.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.OBJ", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q205451/", "tier": 2, "score": 60, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "cleaver", "cyclorotor", "toroidal propeller", "variable pitch propeller", "ship propeller", "manoeuvring thruster", "ducted propeller", "contra-rotating propellers", "Folding propeller", "underwater thruster", "supercavitating propeller", "fixed-pitch propeller", "chopper", "composite propeller", "four-blade propeller", "aircraft propeller", "Grim's vane wheels", "surface piercing propeller", "pusher propeller", "tractor propeller", "proprotor" ], "aliasCount": 21, "merged": 21, "knownIn": 60, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": "vr.tr.propeller", "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q205451", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205451", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T14:58:36Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.0113951, "turns": 1, "seconds": 134.9, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.2, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07c5e-48a5-7bf2-9bdf-5806e5bb0f4b\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: propeller\nRegistry id: vr.tr.propeller\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n\nA Ver" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q205451", "registryId": "vr.tr.propeller", "name": "propeller", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q205451/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.propeller", "name": "propeller", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a propeller, assess its suitability and condition, and determine which installation, operation, adjustment or maintenance actions are supported by evidence.", "definition": "A propeller is a rotating open-stream actuator of two or more pitched blades on a hub that converts shaft torque into axial thrust by changing the momentum of the surrounding air or water.", "scope_statement": "This model owns a propeller as a rotating bladed assembly intended to produce propulsive thrust in a fluid, including its geometry, interfaces, pitch configuration, operating envelope and condition; boundaries with surrounding propulsion equipment must be explicit.", "in_scope": [ "Identity and boundaries of the blade-and-hub assembly", "Blade geometry, rotation convention and pitch configuration", "Mechanical attachment and pitch-control interfaces", "Thrust, torque, efficiency and operating limits under stated conditions", "Blade and hub condition, balance, inspection and service eligibility" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Engine or motor internals and energy supply", "Gearbox, transmission and shaft-line design beyond the propeller interface", "Whole-vehicle handling, stability and mission planning", "Hull, airframe, duct and guard structures except their interface constraints", "Complete propulsion-system controls and certification" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Establish whether its intended output is thrust for propulsion; moving fluid for ventilation or process circulation alone does not establish that it is a propeller.", "Identify blades arranged around a rotation axis whose documented geometry and operating direction support a thrust-producing mode; a radial paddle or generic rotating wheel is insufficient.", "Check whether the assembly normally receives shaft power to produce thrust rather than primarily extracting fluid energy as a turbine; record reversible or energy-recovery modes separately.", "Distinguish the blade-and-hub assembly from a complete thruster or propulsor that also includes a drive, housing, duct or steering mechanism.", "Use the registered concept and application evidence to resolve overlap with fans and lifting rotors, because appearance alone does not reliably separate these categories." ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Intended fluid and application", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Air, water or another specified fluid; documented propulsion application", "why_it_matters": "Determines which performance evidence, degradation mechanisms and neighbouring concepts apply." }, { "name": "Blade count", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Integer count", "why_it_matters": "Supports recognition, configuration checks and interpretation of blade-passing excitation." }, { "name": "Swept diameter", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "m, with configuration and measurement method", "why_it_matters": "Constrains clearance, installation compatibility and interpretation of performance." }, { "name": "Blade geometry", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Chord in m and section orientation in degrees versus radial position; skew, rake and section references where applicable", "why_it_matters": "Separates geometrically different propellers that share a diameter and nominal pitch." }, { "name": "Pitch configuration", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Fixed, ground-adjustable or controllable; feathering and reversing capabilities separately evidenced", "why_it_matters": "Determines which pitch changes are physically available and under what conditions." }, { "name": "Pitch value or blade setting", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Geometric pitch in m or blade angle in degrees, with radial station and reference convention", "why_it_matters": "Prevents incompatible pitch conventions from being treated as equivalent settings." }, { "name": "Rotation and thrust convention", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "Clockwise or counterclockwise from a named viewing direction, with positive axial thrust defined", "why_it_matters": "Prevents installation and operating-direction errors." }, { "name": "Mounting compatibility", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "Compatible shaft, flange or hub interface and required retention arrangement", "why_it_matters": "Establishes whether attachment is supported beyond a superficial dimensional fit." }, { "name": "Operating point", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Rotational speed in rpm, torque in N·m, thrust in N, advance speed in m/s and stated fluid conditions", "why_it_matters": "Makes performance and load observations interpretable." }, { "name": "Structural and surface condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "Observed defect type, location and extent; assessed, unassessed or unknown disposition", "why_it_matters": "Connects damage evidence to applicable inspection and service limits." }, { "name": "Balance and blade tracking", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "Residual unbalance in a stated mass-distance unit and blade-track deviation in mm, with method and limits", "why_it_matters": "Supports investigation of vibration and verification after assembly or repair." } ], "affordances": [ "Identify the propeller and compare its blade, hub and pitch configuration with documented configurations.", "Evaluate a proposed shaft attachment, rotation direction and installation clearance.", "Compare candidate operating points with applicable performance evidence and limits.", "Determine whether a proposed pitch adjustment, feathering or reversing action is supported.", "Plan inspection, cleaning, balancing or repair against applicable procedures and observed condition.", "Recommend continued use, restricted use, removal or specialist assessment with explicit evidence and unresolved conditions." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "carlton-mpp", "title": "Marine Propellers and Propulsion (John Carlton; Butterworth-Heinemann / Elsevier)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Marine kinds (FPP, CPP, ducted, contra-rotating, surface-piercing), geometry quantities (diameter, pitch, blade-area ratio, skew, rake), cavitation and strength failure modes, and ITTC-style open-water performance language." }, { "id": "faa-14cfr-35", "title": "14 CFR Part 35 - Airworthiness Standards: Propellers (Federal Aviation Administration / U.S. eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-14/part-35", "what_it_supports": "Aircraft propeller as a certificated product; fatigue, overspeed, bird-impact and pitch-control hazards; type-certificate identification of aircraft propellers.", "url_status": "live" }, { "id": "iso-484-1", "title": "ISO 484-1 - Shipbuilding - Ship screw propellers - Manufacturing tolerances - Part 1: Propellers of diameter greater than 2,5 m (International Organization for Standardization)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "Marine screw-propeller as a manufactured object with standardised diameter classes, pitch and geometry tolerances, and foundry/machining practice." }, { "id": "easa-cs-p", "title": "CS-P - Certification Specifications for Propellers (European Union Aviation Safety Agency)", "url": "", "what_it_supports": "European airworthiness requirements for aircraft propellers, parallel to 14 CFR Part 35, including feathering, reversing and governor-related failure cases." } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "propeller-identity", "name": "Propeller identity", "description": "Establishes what assembly is being modelled and why it qualifies as a propeller.", "rationale": "An agent must distinguish a propeller from visually similar rotors and from the larger propulsion equipment containing it.", "layers": [ { "id": "propulsive-role", "name": "Propulsive role", "description": "Identifies the intended fluid interaction and application.", "findings": [ { "id": "intended-thrust-function", "name": "Intended thrust function", "description": "Records evidence that the assembly is intended to generate propulsive thrust through rotation in a fluid.", "questions": [ { "text": "What documented application establishes this assembly's propulsive role and intended working fluid?", "kind": "definition", "id": "intended-thrust-function-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence distinguishes it from a circulation fan, turbine, impeller or lifting rotor in this registry?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "intended-thrust-function-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "assembly-boundary", "name": "Assembly boundary", "description": "Identifies the physical configuration included in this propeller.", "findings": [ { "id": "blade-hub-membership", "name": "Blade and hub membership", "description": "Records the blades, hub and included pitch-changing parts, together with configuration identity.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which blades, hub components and pitch-changing parts belong to this assembly, and which belong to neighbouring equipment?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "blade-hub-membership-q01" }, { "text": "Which markings, drawings or configuration records identify the assembly and any replacement blades?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "blade-hub-membership-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "blade-geometry-and-pitch", "name": "Blade geometry and pitch", "description": "Captures the geometry and adjustable states that determine how the propeller engages the fluid.", "rationale": "Diameter and a nominal pitch label alone cannot establish geometric equivalence or adjustment capability.", "layers": [ { "id": "blade-form", "name": "Blade form", "description": "Describes the swept envelope and the shape of individual blades.", "findings": [ { "id": "radial-geometry", "name": "Radial geometry", "description": "Records blade count, diameter and available section geometry with explicit reference conventions.", "questions": [ { "text": "What are the blade count and swept diameter, and to which assembled configuration do they apply?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "radial-geometry-q01" }, { "text": "How are chord, twist, section shape, rake and skew specified along the blade, and which remain unknown?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "radial-geometry-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "pitch-capability", "name": "Pitch capability", "description": "Separates pitch geometry from the means and permitted circumstances of changing it.", "findings": [ { "id": "pitch-settings-and-transitions", "name": "Pitch settings and transitions", "description": "Records pitch conventions, available settings and evidence for adjustment, feathering or reversing.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is pitch specified as geometric advance or blade angle, and at what radial station and reference plane?", "kind": "definition", "id": "pitch-settings-and-transitions-q01" }, { "text": "Which pitch changes are supported, over what range, and may they occur while rotating or only while stopped?", "kind": "action", "id": "pitch-settings-and-transitions-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "installation-and-control", "name": "Installation and control", "description": "Connects the propeller to its drive, surrounding geometry and any pitch-control equipment.", "rationale": "A matching diameter or shaft opening does not establish a compatible or operable installation.", "layers": [ { "id": "mechanical-attachment", "name": "Mechanical attachment", "description": "Captures how torque and axial loads pass through the mounting interface.", "findings": [ { "id": "mounting-and-retention", "name": "Mounting and retention", "description": "Records mounting geometry, load compatibility and required retention evidence.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which shaft, taper, spline, key or flange specification and retention arrangement does this propeller require?", "kind": "definition", "id": "mounting-and-retention-q01" }, { "text": "What evidence supports compatibility with the proposed drive interface and its torque and axial loads?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "mounting-and-retention-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "installed-orientation-and-actuation", "name": "Installed orientation and actuation", "description": "Relates rotation, clearance and pitch actuation to the actual installation.", "findings": [ { "id": "installation-operability", "name": "Installation operability", "description": "Records whether the installed orientation and available interfaces support the intended operation.", "questions": [ { "text": "From which viewing direction is rotation specified, which way is intended thrust, and what clearances are required and measured?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "installation-operability-q01" }, { "text": "If pitch is controllable, which actuation interface, feedback and loss-of-actuation behaviour are documented for this assembly?", "kind": "definition", "id": "installation-operability-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "performance-and-operating-envelope", "name": "Performance and operating envelope", "description": "Links thrust production and loading to operating conditions and applicable limits.", "rationale": "Propeller performance depends on the operating point, fluid and installation; an isolated thrust or efficiency value is insufficient.", "layers": [ { "id": "operating-point-evidence", "name": "Operating-point evidence", "description": "Makes measured or predicted performance traceable to conditions and methods.", "findings": [ { "id": "thrust-torque-and-efficiency", "name": "Thrust, torque and efficiency", "description": "Records performance observations or predictions without treating them as universal properties.", "questions": [ { "text": "At what rotational speed, pitch setting, advance speed, fluid conditions and installation were thrust and torque established?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "thrust-torque-and-efficiency-q01" }, { "text": "Were the results measured or predicted, and what efficiency definition, uncertainty and applicability accompany them?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "thrust-torque-and-efficiency-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operating-constraints", "name": "Operating constraints", "description": "Captures limits and fluid-specific phenomena that constrain acceptable use.", "findings": [ { "id": "limits-and-adverse-regimes", "name": "Limits and adverse regimes", "description": "Records supported speed and load limits and relevant evidence for cavitation, ventilation, compressibility or vibration restrictions.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which speed, torque, power, pitch and environmental limits apply to this exact configuration, and where are they established?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "limits-and-adverse-regimes-q01" }, { "text": "Which adverse operating regimes are relevant in this fluid and installation, and what documented response applies when their indicators appear?", "kind": "action", "id": "limits-and-adverse-regimes-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-service-decisions", "name": "Condition and service decisions", "description": "Connects blade and hub observations, operating history and maintenance evidence to service decisions.", "rationale": "A propeller may remain recognisable while damage, imbalance or consumed life prevents its intended use.", "layers": [ { "id": "damage-and-rotation-quality", "name": "Damage and rotation quality", "description": "Records local defects and assembly-level rotation measurements.", "findings": [ { "id": "blade-hub-condition", "name": "Blade and hub condition", "description": "Captures observed damage, material-relevant inspection evidence, balance and blade tracking.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cracks, deformation, erosion, corrosion, delamination or attachment defects were observed, where, and by which applicable inspection method?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "blade-hub-condition-q01" }, { "text": "What balance and blade-track results are available, and how do they compare with limits applicable to this configuration?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "blade-hub-condition-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "service-disposition", "name": "Service disposition", "description": "Determines what use or intervention is justified by the available records.", "findings": [ { "id": "continued-use-and-intervention", "name": "Continued use and intervention", "description": "Links service history and applicable procedures to continued operation, repair or removal.", "questions": [ { "text": "What operating exposure, impact or overspeed events, repairs and applicable life limits are recorded, and what history is missing?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "continued-use-and-intervention-q01" }, { "text": "Given the recorded condition and history, which continued-use, restriction, repair or removal decision is supported, and what verification is required before return to service?", "kind": "action", "id": "continued-use-and-intervention-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fixed-pitch screw propeller (marine FPP or aircraft fixed-pitch)", "Controllable-pitch propeller (CPP), including reversing marine screws", "Constant-speed aircraft propeller (governor-controlled, often feathering and/or reversing)", "Ducted propeller / Kort-nozzle propeller", "Contra-rotating propeller", "Folding or sailing-feathering yacht propeller", "Surface-piercing or supercavitating propeller", "Azimuthing / podded propeller" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata item", "value_or_pattern": "Q131407", "note": "Generic item for the rotating-blade propulsor; aircraft and marine senses are not split at this Q-id." }, { "scheme": "Harmonized System (HS)", "value_or_pattern": "8487.10", "note": "Ships' or boats' propellers and blades therefor." }, { "scheme": "FAA propeller type certificate / TCDS", "value_or_pattern": "P followed by digits and a dash-letter series (e.g. P-920), as listed on an FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet", "note": "Identifies a certificated aircraft propeller model, not a marine screw." }, { "scheme": "ISO 3715 term", "value_or_pattern": "ISO 3715-1 vocabulary for ship screw propellers", "note": "Standardised English (and equivalent) terms for marine screw geometry and types, not a serial identifier of a single object." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "ISO 484-1 / ISO 484-2 - manufacturing tolerances for ship screw propellers by diameter class (International Organization for Standardization)", "ISO 3715-1 - vocabulary for ship screw propellers in propulsion plants (International Organization for Standardization)", "14 CFR Part 35 - airworthiness standards for aircraft propellers (FAA, United States)", "EASA CS-P - certification specifications for propellers (European Union Aviation Safety Agency)", "Classification-society rules for propeller materials, scantlings, keying and inspection (e.g. DNV, ABS, Lloyd's Register; aligned in part with IACS)", "ITTC recommended procedures for propeller open-water and cavitation tests (International Towing Tank Conference)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Main screw of merchant ships, warships, tugs and workboats, usually bronze or nickel-aluminium bronze, driven by diesel, turbine or electric shaft lines.", "Outboard, sterndrive and inboard propellers on recreational and small commercial craft, often aluminium or stainless steel, specified by diameter × pitch in inches.", "Tractor or pusher propellers on piston and turboprop aeroplanes, and on many UAVs, converting engine power to thrust in air.", "Harbour and station-keeping units: tunnel bow/stern thrusters and azimuthing/podded propellers.", "Sailing yachts: folding or feathering propellers that reduce drag under sail.", "High-speed craft and some racing hydroplanes: surface-piercing or supercavitating screws that run partly in air or in a vapour cavity." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Diameter", "typical_range": "0.05-0.4 (small UAV); 0.3-0.8 (small craft); 1.8-2.2 (light aeroplane); 2-11 (ship screws, occasionally larger)", "unit": "m" }, { "quantity": "Geometric pitch", "typical_range": "about 0.5-1.5 times diameter; small-craft pitch commonly quoted as 8-24", "unit": "m (or inches in recreational marine/aircraft trade)" }, { "quantity": "Blade number", "typical_range": "2-3 (light aircraft, small boats); 4-7 (ships, high-power CPP)", "unit": "count" }, { "quantity": "Expanded blade-area ratio (EAR / BAR)", "typical_range": "0.3-0.6 (low-loaded screws); 0.7-1.2 (high-power or cavitation-limited)", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Rotational speed", "typical_range": "60-200 (large ship); 300-1500 (small marine); 1800-2700 (light aircraft); 5000-40000 (small UAV)", "unit": "rpm" }, { "quantity": "Open-water efficiency η0", "typical_range": "0.50-0.75 typical installed; up to about 0.80-0.85 in favourable open-water conditions", "unit": "dimensionless" }, { "quantity": "Advance ratio J = Va/(nD)", "typical_range": "0.4-1.2 in the usual operating region of marine screws", "unit": "dimensionless" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Cavitation erosion of marine blade faces and trailing edges, with noise, vibration and thrust breakdown.", "High-cycle fatigue cracking at the blade root, fillet or hub, leading to blade throw (aircraft and marine).", "Aircraft ground strike, foreign-object damage or bird impact; resulting imbalance can destroy the engine or airframe.", "Overspeed or runaway if a constant-speed governor or CPP pitch actuator fails; feathering failure after engine stop.", "Dezincification, galvanic corrosion and shaft-taper fretting on copper-alloy marine propellers.", "Fouling, rope or net entanglement, and impact with debris or ice, causing bent blades and shaft misalignment.", "Singing (vortex-induced trailing-edge vibration) and hull-pressure pulse excitation of the afterbody.", "Personnel hazard from an unguarded rotating disc, especially on boats in gear and on unsecured aircraft on the ground." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "British marine and historical aeronautical English still uses \"screw\" (and older \"airscrew\") where North American practice says \"propeller\" or \"prop\".", "Recreational marine markets in the US specify diameter and pitch in inches; metric diameter in millimetres is common in Europe and on ISO drawings.", "Kort-nozzle ducts and Voith-Schneider cycloidal units are far more common on European tugs and inland vessels than on typical US workboats, which more often use open screws or azimuthing Z-drives.", "Classification-society material and inspection practice (ABS, DNV, LR, CCS, ClassNK) is the de facto marine standard in each flag's usual class, rather than a single global propeller code." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Impeller", "difference": "An impeller is designed to work inside a close-fitting casing as a pump or compressor stage; a propeller is an open- or duct-stream actuator whose blades interact with a free fluid." }, { "name": "Fan", "difference": "A fan is sized for volume flow and low pressure rise (ventilation, cooling); a propeller is sized for net axial thrust on a vehicle or equivalent free-stream load." }, { "name": "Helicopter rotor", "difference": "A main rotor produces primarily lift with cyclic and collective pitch over a large disc; a propeller produces primarily axial thrust with (at most) collective pitch change and no cyclic control." }, { "name": "Waterjet", "difference": "A waterjet ingests water internally and ejects it through a steering nozzle; there is no exposed screw in the free stream, though the internal pump may use an impeller." }, { "name": "Paddle wheel", "difference": "A paddle wheel uses radial boards or floats at the free surface and very low rpm; a screw propeller is a submerged helical blade system." }, { "name": "Wind-turbine rotor", "difference": "A wind turbine extracts energy from the flow (generator on the shaft); a propeller puts energy into the flow (engine or motor on the shaft)." }, { "name": "Cycloidal (Voith-Schneider) propulsor", "difference": "Vertical-axis blades with timed pitch give vectored thrust without a conventional helical screw; it is often classed with propellers in ship lists but is a different mechanism." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of propeller this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Does the existing Vercy catalogue already cover propellers within a world model that should remain the single source of truth?", "Where does this registry place the boundaries between propellers, ducted fans, lifting rotors and pump-jet rotor assemblies?", "Should separately replaceable blades and controllable-pitch hub mechanisms receive linked models, and how should their individual histories compose into assembly condition?", "Which authoritative application-specific sources should establish terminology, performance conventions, inspection criteria and operating limits for air and water propellers?", "Do paired counter-rotating or folding propellers require additional assembly relationships or configuration states beyond those proposed here?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "device, machine or tool", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a propeller, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise a propeller, assess its suitability and condition, and determine which installation, operation, adjustment or maintenance actions are supported by evidence.", "characteristics": { "substance": "material", "origin": "manufactured", "agency": "inert", "mobility": "varies" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: cleaver, cyclorotor, toroidal propeller, variable pitch propeller, ship propeller, manoeuvring thruster, ducted propeller, contra-rotating propellers, Folding propeller, underwater thruster, supercavitating propeller, fixed-pitch propeller.", "21 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a propeller, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "matter you can touch", "physicalCharacter": [ "Mobility varies between examples.", "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by form, by the arrangement of its controls, and by markings - a plate, a model number, a certification mark. Form alone rarely separates two models that do very different things." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "cleaver", "cyclorotor", "toroidal propeller", "variable pitch propeller", "ship propeller", "manoeuvring thruster", "ducted propeller", "contra-rotating propellers", "Folding propeller", "underwater thruster", "supercavitating propeller", "fixed-pitch propeller" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 60 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 21 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one propeller from another, and a propeller from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a propeller sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a propeller from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a propeller is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Materials, parts and how they are put together.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and materials", "description": "What a propeller is built from and which parts are replaceable.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a propeller is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a propeller is, how it got there and where it may go (varies).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a propeller is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a propeller is carried, installed or relocated.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a propeller passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a propeller between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a propeller, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a propeller is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "function-and-principle", "name": "Function and operating principle", "description": "What propeller is for and how it achieves it.", "rationale": "Two devices with the same name can work on different principles, and the principle is what predicts failure and constrains use.", "layers": [ { "id": "intended-function", "name": "Intended function", "description": "The job it does, and the jobs it is used for anyway.", "findings": [ { "id": "function-record", "name": "Function, principle and variants", "description": "What it does, how, and which variants do it differently.", "questions": [ { "id": "function-record-q01", "text": "What function does propeller perform, on what operating principle, and which variants differ in that principle?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "function-record-q02", "text": "What use falls outside the intended function but happens in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "capacity-and-rating", "name": "Capacity and rating", "description": "The numbers that say what it can do and where it stops.", "findings": [ { "id": "ratings", "name": "Ratings and their conditions", "description": "Rated capacity, power, throughput and the conditions each assumes.", "questions": [ { "id": "ratings-q01", "text": "What ratings characterise propeller, in what units, and under what stated conditions?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "ratings-q02", "text": "What happens beyond the rating - degradation, refusal, damage - and how is that detected?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "operation-and-state", "name": "Operation, controls and state", "description": "How propeller is operated and what state it is in right now.", "rationale": "An agent acting on a device needs its current state and the controls that change it, not just its specification.", "layers": [ { "id": "controls-and-modes", "name": "Controls and modes", "description": "What can be set, what that changes, and what is interlocked.", "findings": [ { "id": "control-surface", "name": "Control surface and interlocks", "description": "The settings available and the conditions that block them.", "questions": [ { "id": "control-surface-q01", "text": "What controls and modes does propeller have, and what does each change?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "control-surface-q02", "text": "Which actions are interlocked or forbidden in which state, and what must be true before acting?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-maintenance", "name": "Condition and maintenance", "description": "Wear, service intervals, consumables and the line between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "service-record", "name": "Condition, service and consumables", "description": "What is consumed, what is serviced, and how condition is judged.", "questions": [ { "id": "service-record-q01", "text": "What consumables and service does propeller need, at what interval, and on whose authority?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "service-record-q02", "text": "What evidence separates a unit that is working from one that is out of service?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "kind-model-unit", "name": "Kind, model and unit", "description": "Whether a claim about propeller is about the kind, a product line, or one physical unit.", "rationale": "This is the boundary most often got wrong for made things, and getting it wrong mixes a catalogue entry with the machine in the yard.", "layers": [ { "id": "level-of-reference", "name": "Level of reference", "description": "The three levels and what belongs at each.", "findings": [ { "id": "level-rules", "name": "What belongs to kind, model and unit", "description": "Which properties are shared by all of them and which are not.", "questions": [ { "id": "level-rules-q01", "text": "Which facts about propeller hold for every one of them, which for a model, and which only for one unit?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "level-rules-q02", "text": "What identifies an individual unit, and what should an agent do when it has only the kind?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "standards-and-conformity", "name": "Standards and conformity", "description": "The standards a working example must meet and who attests it.", "findings": [ { "id": "conformity", "name": "Standards, marks and attestation", "description": "Which standard applies, who certifies, and what the mark means.", "questions": [ { "id": "conformity-q01", "text": "Which standards govern propeller, issued by whom, and what does conformity actually assert?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "conformity-q02", "text": "What may an agent conclude from a certification mark, and what may it not?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a propeller came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a propeller and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a propeller is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a propeller, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a propeller, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a propeller is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }