{ "model": { "rank": 5202, "code": "thing-q206175", "model_id": "vr.tr.mechanical-stress", "name": "mechanical stress", "purpose": "Let an agent explain mechanical stress and its components and units, describe its relation to strain and material strength, support engineering calculations and materials questions, and support learning in mechanics.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Cross-cutting context", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "XCT", "domain": "XCT.QLT", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q206175/", "tier": 2, "score": 69, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [ "compressive strength", "tensile stress", "normal stress", "Cauchy stress tensor", "shear stress", "elastic limit", "principal stresses", "initial stress", "residual stress", "string tension", "differential stress", "winding tension", "Effective stress", "thermal stress", "preload", "compressive stress", "yield strength", "bending stress", "Coulomb stress transfer", "crustal stress", "plane stress", "ultimate tensile strength", "virial stress", "flexural strength", "flow stress", "shear stress at flow limit", "critical resolved shear stress", "compression elastic limit", "true elastic limit" ], "aliasCount": 29, "merged": 29, "knownIn": 69, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q206175", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206175", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-12T04:49:18Z", "providers": [ "Claude" ], "breadth": "written by Claude from model knowledge without web access - no source was read, every claim is a lead to verify", "pass": 2, "wave": 2, "engine": "claude" }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q206175", "registryId": "vr.tr.mechanical-stress", "name": "mechanical stress", "version": "0.2.0-wave.2", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "XCT.QLT" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q206175/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.mechanical-stress", "name": "mechanical stress", "purpose": "Let an agent explain mechanical stress and its components and units, describe its relation to strain and material strength, support engineering calculations and materials questions, and support learning in mechanics.", "definition": "A physical quantity expressing the internal forces that neighbouring particles of a material exert on each other per unit area, described by the Cauchy stress tensor and resolved into normal stress, including tensile and compressive stress, and shear stress, and related to material properties such as elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength and compressive strength; mechanical stress is central to solid mechanics, structural engineering and materials science and is measured in pascals.", "what_it_is_for": "Internal force per unit area in a material.", "affordances": [ "explain components and units", "describe relation to strain and strength", "support calculations", "support learning" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Tensor quantity", "Normal and shear components", "Pascal units", "Strength limits" ], "appearance": "Not physical; a quantity.", "visual_identification": [ "Force per unit area inside a material", "Normal, shear, tensile, compressive", "Pressure is stress in fluids; strain is deformation; psychological stress is unrelated" ], "physical_properties": [], "families_and_kinds": [ "normal stress, tensile and compressive", "shear stress", "principal stresses and stress tensor", "residual and thermal stress", "stress limits such as elastic limit and strength" ], "related_models": [ { "relation": "is a kind of", "target": "physical quantity", "why": "category" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "heat", "why": "thermal stress arises from heating" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "bridge", "why": "structures analysed for stress" }, { "relation": "is related to", "target": "stress", "why": "the psychological sense, a separate concept" } ], "identifiers": [], "standards_and_regulation": [ "SI units for stress", "Materials testing standards", "Structural design codes" ], "failure_modes_and_hazards": [ "Structural failure from exceeding strength", "Confusing stress with strain or pressure", "Unit errors" ], "in_scope": [], "out_of_scope": [], "characteristics": [] }, "sources": [], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "understand", "name": "Understand", "description": "What mechanical stress is.", "rationale": "Mechanics.", "layers": [ { "id": "concept", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept and components.", "findings": [ { "id": "concept-finding", "name": "Concept", "description": "Concept.", "questions": [ { "text": "What is mechanical stress, how is the stress tensor resolved into normal and shear components, and what are principal stresses?", "kind": "definition" }, { "text": "Is mechanical or psychological stress meant?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "units", "name": "Units", "description": "Units and measurement.", "findings": [ { "id": "units-finding", "name": "Units", "description": "Units.", "questions": [ { "text": "What units express stress, and how is stress measured or inferred from strain?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "text": "Which entry fits strain gauges?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "apply", "name": "Apply", "description": "Engineering use.", "rationale": "Practice.", "layers": [ { "id": "calculate", "name": "Calculate", "description": "Calculating stress.", "findings": [ { "id": "calculate-finding", "name": "Calculate", "description": "Calculation.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can stress in this member or component be calculated from loads and geometry?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which entry fits structural analysis?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "strength", "name": "Strength", "description": "Strength and limits.", "findings": [ { "id": "strength-finding", "name": "Strength", "description": "Strength.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do elastic limit, yield strength, tensile strength and compressive strength relate to stress, and how are safety factors applied?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits a specific material?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "science", "name": "Science", "description": "Materials and failure.", "rationale": "Science.", "layers": [ { "id": "materials", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials behaviour.", "findings": [ { "id": "materials-finding", "name": "Materials", "description": "Materials.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do materials respond to stress through elasticity, plasticity, creep and fracture?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits materials science?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] }, { "id": "failure", "name": "Failure", "description": "Failure analysis.", "findings": [ { "id": "failure-finding", "name": "Failure", "description": "Failure.", "questions": [ { "text": "How do stress concentrations, fatigue and residual stress lead to failure?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which entry fits fatigue?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "learn", "name": "Learn", "description": "History and teaching.", "rationale": "Education.", "layers": [ { "id": "history", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "findings": [ { "id": "history-finding", "name": "History", "description": "History.", "questions": [ { "text": "How did the concept of stress develop from Cauchy and earlier mechanics?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "text": "Which references are standard?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "teach", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "findings": [ { "id": "teach-finding", "name": "Teach", "description": "Teaching.", "questions": [ { "text": "How can stress and strain be taught with demonstrations?", "kind": "action" }, { "text": "Which misconceptions arise?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Should shear stress be a separate entry?", "How should testing standards be linked?", "How should design codes be linked?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 4, "layers": 8, "findings": 8, "questions": 16 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "abstract concept", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a mechanical stress, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Let an agent explain mechanical stress and its components and units, describe its relation to strain and material strength, support engineering calculations and materials questions, and support learning in mechanics.", "characteristics": { "substance": "abstract", "origin": "conceptual", "agency": "inert" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Names folded into this entry, which a task may need to split apart again: compressive strength, tensile stress, normal stress, Cauchy stress tensor, shear stress, elastic limit, principal stresses, initial stress, residual stress, string tension, differential stress, winding tension.", "29 finer distinctions are held as aliases rather than separate entries, because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it.", "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a mechanical stress, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "an abstraction with no physical instance", "physicalCharacter": [ "Does nothing on its own; everything it does, something else did to it.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Nothing to see. What is recognised is an instance of it, and which instances count is exactly what is argued about." ], "relatedModels": [ { "relation": "covers", "note": "Finer kinds folded into this entry because telling them apart needs a task that asks for it. Each is a model waiting to be split out when one does.", "targets": [ "compressive strength", "tensile stress", "normal stress", "Cauchy stress tensor", "shear stress", "elastic limit", "principal stresses", "initial stress", "residual stress", "string tension", "differential stress", "winding tension" ] } ], "standing": "Described in 69 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is. 29 finer distinctions are held inside this entry as names rather than as separate models.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one mechanical stress from another, and a mechanical stress from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a mechanical stress sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a mechanical stress from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a mechanical stress passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a mechanical stress between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a mechanical stress, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a mechanical stress is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "definitions-in-contest", "name": "Definitions and who holds them", "description": "What mechanical stress is taken to mean, and by whom.", "rationale": "When a field disagrees about a concept, the disagreement is the content. A model that picks one definition silently destroys the information.", "layers": [ { "id": "competing-definitions", "name": "Competing definitions", "description": "The main readings and the traditions behind them.", "findings": [ { "id": "definition-map", "name": "Definitions and their holders", "description": "Each definition with the school or body that holds it.", "questions": [ { "id": "definition-map-q01", "text": "Which definitions of mechanical stress are in use, and which tradition or body holds each?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "definition-map-q02", "text": "What turns on the difference between them in practice?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "operationalisation", "name": "Operationalisation", "description": "How it is measured or applied when it has to be.", "findings": [ { "id": "operational-record", "name": "Measures and proxies", "description": "Instruments and indicators used to stand in for it.", "questions": [ { "id": "operational-record-q01", "text": "How is mechanical stress operationalised or measured in practice, and by what instrument?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "operational-record-q02", "text": "What does that operationalisation leave out, and when does that matter?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "instances-and-use", "name": "Instances, use and consequence", "description": "What counts as an instance of mechanical stress and what follows from calling something that.", "rationale": "Applying a concept is an act with consequences, so a model must say what the label licenses and what it does not.", "layers": [ { "id": "instances", "name": "What counts as an instance", "description": "Clear cases, borderline cases and non-cases.", "findings": [ { "id": "instance-tests", "name": "Tests for an instance", "description": "What would settle whether something falls under it.", "questions": [ { "id": "instance-tests-q01", "text": "What would settle whether something is an instance of mechanical stress?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "instance-tests-q02", "text": "Which borderline cases are argued about, and on what grounds?", "kind": "definition" } ] } ] }, { "id": "consequence", "name": "Consequence of application", "description": "Rights, duties or decisions that follow from the label.", "findings": [ { "id": "consequence-record", "name": "What the label licenses", "description": "What an agent may do once something is classified this way.", "questions": [ { "id": "consequence-record-q01", "text": "What follows practically once something is treated as mechanical stress?", "kind": "action" }, { "id": "consequence-record-q02", "text": "What must an agent not infer from the label alone?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a mechanical stress came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a mechanical stress and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a mechanical stress is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a mechanical stress, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a mechanical stress, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a mechanical stress is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 5, "layers": 10, "findings": 12, "questions": 32 } } } }