{ "model": { "rank": 5955, "code": "thing-q207642", "model_id": "vr.tr.catha-edulis", "name": "Catha edulis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Catha edulis, assess a living specimen or attributable plant material, and determine which care, sampling, movement or disposition actions are justified.", "family": "Thing Registry", "category": "Physical world and living systems", "status": "research-draft", "kind": "thing", "plane": "PHY", "domain": "PHY.LIV", "industry": "", "version": "", "url": "/models/thing/q207642/", "tier": 2, "score": 63, "payload": { "layer": "wikidata", "aliases": [], "aliasCount": 0, "merged": 0, "knownIn": 63, "facets": null, "markers": [], "lexicalClass": "", "senseRank": null, "alsoRegisteredAs": null, "source": { "dataset": "wikidata", "item": "Q207642", "url": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207642", "license": "CC0 1.0" } }, "research": { "vercy": "1.0-draft", "publication": { "status": "research-draft", "adjudicationStatus": "unreviewed", "publishableCanonical": false, "generatedAt": "2026-09-07T10:19:14Z", "providers": [ "Codex", "Grok" ], "missingProviders": [], "pass": 2, "cost": { "grok": { "usd": 0.00639846, "turns": 1, "seconds": 32.7, "error": null }, "codex": { "seconds": 82.6, "error": "Reading additional input from stdin...\nOpenAI Codex v0.153.3\n--------\nworkdir: R:\\02_PROJECTS\\02_Meta_Models_Platforms\\Ver.cy\\current\\thing-registry-backlog\nmodel: gpt-6-astra\nprovider: openai\napproval: never\nsandbox: read-only\nreasoning effort: none\nreasoning summaries: none\nsession id: 01a07b5f-d277-7e20-a054-765fb1c1e128\n--------\nuser\nYou are drafting a Vercy meta-model for one registered thing. Answer as JSON only, no prose around it.\n\nThing: Catha edulis\nRegistry id: vr.tr.catha-edulis\nPlane / domain: PHY / PHY.OBJ\nRegistry definition: (none recorded)\nNames folded into this entry: (none)\n" } } }, "metaModel": { "id": "THING-Q207642", "registryId": "vr.tr.catha-edulis", "name": "Catha edulis", "version": "0.1.0-research.1", "entryKind": "thing", "family": "Thing Registry", "domain": [ "PHY.OBJ" ], "status": "research-draft" }, "canonicalUrl": "https://ver.cy/models/thing/q207642/", "model": { "registry_id": "vr.tr.catha-edulis", "name": "Catha edulis", "purpose": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Catha edulis, assess a living specimen or attributable plant material, and determine which care, sampling, movement or disposition actions are justified.", "definition": "Catha edulis is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Celastraceae, native to the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, whose young shoots and leaves are chewed as a stimulant because they contain the amphetamine-like alkaloids cathinone and cathine.", "scope_statement": "This model owns the identity, biological condition, provenance and action-relevant properties of Catha edulis under vr.tr.catha-edulis in PHY / PHY.OBJ, including traceable detached parts while they remain botanical material.", "in_scope": [ "Species identification, supporting observations and unresolved alternatives", "Living specimens, developmental stages and reproductive condition", "Detached leaves, shoots and other identifiable plant parts", "Collection history, source population and specimen-to-sample relationships", "Observed deterioration, contamination and measured alkaloid composition", "Specimen-specific evidence needed to assess proposed handling or movement" ], "out_of_scope": [ "Purified cathinone, cathine and synthetic cathinones as chemical substances", "Extract formulations and manufactured psychoactive products", "Human consumption episodes, intoxication, dependence and clinical treatment", "Farm operations, agricultural businesses and commodity markets", "Jurisdictional legislation and permitting systems as independently maintained models" ], "distinguishing_features": [ "Compare intact leaves with the documented combination of leathery texture, conspicuously glandular-toothed margins and dense netted venation; leaf colour or a seller's khat label alone is insufficient. [Kew botanical description](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A941530-1/general-information)", "When detached material could be tea or another leafy botanical, require a diagnostic comparison supported by an authenticated voucher or suitable botanical analysis; record unresolved alternatives explicitly.", "Distinguish the species from the commodity khat: khat commonly denotes its leaves and fresh shoots, whereas Catha edulis also identifies the whole plant and other organs. [EUDA khat profile](https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/khat_en)", "Distinguish botanical identity from chemical detection: a cathinone or cathine result characterises the tested sample but does not alone establish that an unknown powder or mixture is Catha edulis. [EUDA analytical context](https://www.euda.europa.eu/publications/drug-profiles/khat_en)" ], "characteristics": [ { "name": "Identification status", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "unassessed | provisional | supported | disputed | excluded", "why_it_matters": "Determines whether species-specific conclusions can be applied to the specimen." }, { "name": "Diagnostic leaf observations", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "blade length and width in mm, with margin, texture and venation observations", "why_it_matters": "Makes identification reviewable without treating one leaf measurement as decisive." }, { "name": "Material form", "kind": "category", "unit_or_values": "rooted plant | propagule | detached shoot | detached leaf | other organ | mixed botanical material", "why_it_matters": "Separates living-plant assessment from assessment of harvested khat material." }, { "name": "Developmental and reproductive condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "juvenile | established | unknown; vegetative | flowering | fruiting | mixed | unknown", "why_it_matters": "Explains which diagnostic structures and reproductive capabilities are available." }, { "name": "Source linkage", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "source plant, accession, collection event or lot, with evidence and uncertainty", "why_it_matters": "Prevents findings from one sample being assigned to unrelated plants or shipments." }, { "name": "Harvest and preservation history", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "dated detachment, drying, packaging and storage events; unknown events retained", "why_it_matters": "Provides context for interpreting physical condition and chemical measurements." }, { "name": "Living tissue condition", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "observed growth, turgor, discoloration, lesions, dieback and root condition, each dated", "why_it_matters": "Supports care decisions while keeping visible symptoms separate from inferred causes." }, { "name": "Alkaloid assay", "kind": "measurement", "unit_or_values": "cathinone and cathine in mg/g, specifying fresh or dry mass basis, method, detection limits and sampling time", "why_it_matters": "Supports sample-specific chemical assessment without inferring composition from appearance." }, { "name": "Contamination assessment", "kind": "state", "unit_or_values": "not assessed | suspected | detected | not detected within stated test scope", "why_it_matters": "Separates botanical identity from suitability for handling or an intended use." }, { "name": "Action determination", "kind": "relation", "unit_or_values": "proposed action linked to material form, jurisdiction, date, authority and permit evidence", "why_it_matters": "Avoids assigning a permanent global permission status to the species." } ], "affordances": [ "Document and compare diagnostic structures, retaining evidence for expert identification.", "Monitor a living specimen and select care actions supported by its observed condition.", "Collect an authorised voucher or analytical sample while preserving its relationship to the source plant or lot.", "Assess harvested material for deterioration and request chemical or contamination testing when relevant.", "Evaluate a proposed acquisition, transfer, transport or disposal against applicable external requirements." ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "src-1", "title": "Catha edulis", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catha_edulis", "what_it_supports": "Botanical identity, native range, chewing use, principal alkaloids, common names (khat, qat, miraa), legal status overview.", "url_status": "live" } ], "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "botanical-identity", "name": "Botanical identity", "description": "Evidence that the observed plant or material belongs to Catha edulis.", "rationale": "Common names, detached leaves and chemical results provide different kinds of evidence and must not be treated as interchangeable identification.", "layers": [ { "id": "diagnostic-observations", "name": "Diagnostic observations", "description": "Observable structures available for botanical comparison.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-character-agreement", "name": "Diagnostic character agreement", "description": "Record whether the available leaf, stem and reproductive characters agree with an authoritative description and which characters cannot be observed.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which observed leaf margins, venation, texture and dimensions support identification as Catha edulis?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "diagnostic-character-agreement-q01" }, { "text": "Which alternative taxa remain plausible given the organs and specimen quality available?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "diagnostic-character-agreement-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "identification-support", "name": "Identification support", "description": "Authentication and the limits of the identification claim.", "findings": [ { "id": "authenticated-reference-link", "name": "Authenticated reference link", "description": "Connect the identification to a botanical reference, voucher or expert determination and delimit its applicability.", "questions": [ { "text": "Who identified this specimen, by what method, and against which authenticated reference?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "authenticated-reference-link-q01" }, { "text": "Does the identification cover the whole plant, one detached sample or every component of a mixed lot?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "authenticated-reference-link-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "living-plant-condition", "name": "Living plant condition", "description": "Development, viability and symptoms of living Catha edulis specimens.", "rationale": "A rooted plant requires assessment of growth and reproductive state that cannot be inferred from the condition of harvested khat leaves.", "layers": [ { "id": "development-and-reproduction", "name": "Development and reproduction", "description": "The specimen's growth stage and observed reproductive structures.", "findings": [ { "id": "growth-and-reproductive-state", "name": "Growth and reproductive state", "description": "Distinguish vegetative growth, flowering, fruiting and demonstrated propagule viability without inferring fertility from appearance alone.", "questions": [ { "text": "Is this a rooted individual, unrooted propagule or detached material, and what evidence establishes viability?", "kind": "definition", "id": "growth-and-reproductive-state-q01" }, { "text": "Which new shoots, flowers, fruits or viable propagules have been observed, and when?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "growth-and-reproductive-state-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "stress-and-care", "name": "Stress and care", "description": "Observed condition and evidence supporting interventions.", "findings": [ { "id": "symptom-based-care-assessment", "name": "Symptom-based care assessment", "description": "Record leaf and shoot symptoms, root observations and environmental history before attributing deterioration to a cause.", "questions": [ { "text": "What changes in leaf turgor, shoot growth, lesions or dieback occurred alongside recorded water, temperature or substrate conditions?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "symptom-based-care-assessment-q01" }, { "text": "Which care action is supported by the evidence, and what follow-up observation would show improvement or failure?", "kind": "action", "id": "symptom-based-care-assessment-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "botanical-material-lineage", "name": "Botanical material lineage", "description": "Relationships between source plants, harvested organs, specimens and lots.", "rationale": "Observations on a khat bundle or laboratory subsample must remain traceable without being generalised to an entire accession or species.", "layers": [ { "id": "origin-and-accession", "name": "Origin and accession", "description": "Evidence for where the plant or material originated.", "findings": [ { "id": "source-and-local-name-evidence", "name": "Source and local name evidence", "description": "Separate documented collection or cultivation origin from seller claims, local names and unverified cultivar labels.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which collection record, accession or supplier record supports the asserted origin?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "source-and-local-name-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "Does a local or trade name denote this species, a claimed cultivar or only a commercial grade?", "kind": "definition", "id": "source-and-local-name-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "harvest-and-lot-integrity", "name": "Harvest and lot integrity", "description": "Detachment, pooling and sampling events that affect attribution.", "findings": [ { "id": "organ-and-lot-attribution", "name": "Organ and lot attribution", "description": "Preserve organ identity, harvest timing and mixing history for detached Catha edulis material.", "questions": [ { "text": "Which organs and source individuals contributed to this lot, and when were they detached?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "organ-and-lot-attribution-q01" }, { "text": "What portion of the lot can a sampled identification or assay reasonably represent?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "organ-and-lot-attribution-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "postharvest-and-chemical-state", "name": "Postharvest and chemical state", "description": "Physical deterioration and measured chemistry of detached material.", "rationale": "Freshness, species identity and alkaloid composition answer different questions; none should substitute for the others.", "layers": [ { "id": "preservation-and-deterioration", "name": "Preservation and deterioration", "description": "The material's handling history and present physical condition.", "findings": [ { "id": "postharvest-condition-evidence", "name": "Postharvest condition evidence", "description": "Record elapsed time, preservation events and deterioration observations without treating a fresh-looking leaf as proof of chemical composition.", "questions": [ { "text": "What harvest, storage, drying and packaging events are documented for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "postharvest-condition-evidence-q01" }, { "text": "What wilting, moisture change, discoloration or visible microbial growth is observed at assessment?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "postharvest-condition-evidence-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "analytical-characterisation", "name": "Analytical characterisation", "description": "Sample-specific alkaloid and contamination evidence.", "findings": [ { "id": "assay-interpretation-limits", "name": "Assay interpretation limits", "description": "Record cathinone and cathine results with analytical context; distinguish untested material from a substantiated non-detection.", "questions": [ { "text": "What cathinone and cathine concentrations were measured, using which mass basis, method, detection limits and sample date?", "kind": "measurement", "id": "assay-interpretation-limits-q01" }, { "text": "Which contaminants were actually tested, and what conclusions remain unsupported by the assay scope?", "kind": "boundary", "id": "assay-interpretation-limits-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "permitted-handling-and-disposition", "name": "Permitted handling and disposition", "description": "Evidence needed to decide an action for a particular Catha edulis specimen or lot.", "rationale": "Action decisions must distinguish live plants, propagules and harvested material and consult the rules applicable to the actual location and date.", "layers": [ { "id": "action-specific-authority", "name": "Action-specific authority", "description": "Connections between the proposed action and applicable external requirements.", "findings": [ { "id": "material-and-jurisdiction-match", "name": "Material and jurisdiction match", "description": "Resolve the relevant material category, locations and authority before determining whether an action may proceed.", "questions": [ { "text": "What exact action is proposed for which plant part or material form, on what date and in which origin, transit and destination jurisdictions?", "kind": "action", "id": "material-and-jurisdiction-match-q01" }, { "text": "Which current authoritative requirements and permit records support the determination for this material?", "kind": "provenance", "id": "material-and-jurisdiction-match-q02" } ] } ] }, { "id": "handling-decision", "name": "Handling decision", "description": "Disposition informed by identity, condition and intended use.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-bounded-disposition", "name": "Evidence-bounded disposition", "description": "Choose retention, care, sampling, transfer or disposal based on the specimen's documented state and applicable authority.", "questions": [ { "text": "Do unresolved identification, deterioration, contamination or permission questions require holding the material pending further evidence?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-bounded-disposition-q01" }, { "text": "Which handling or disposition action is justified, and what record will preserve the material's identity and the decision basis?", "kind": "action", "id": "evidence-bounded-disposition-q02" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "evidence-and-external-alignment", "name": "Evidence and external alignment", "description": "What the world already says about this thing, gathered so the model can be checked against it.", "rationale": "A model that cannot be lined up against existing standards, identifiers and practice cannot be adopted by anyone who already uses them.", "layers": [ { "id": "reported-evidence", "name": "Reported evidence", "description": "Findings from the breadth pass, kept separate from the structural claims.", "findings": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds", "name": "Kinds and varieties", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Yemeni red-stem khat (local cultivars distinguished by stem colour and leaf texture)", "Yemeni white/green-stem khat", "Ethiopian highland khat (e.g. Harar / Awaday trade types)", "Kenyan miraa (Nyambene / Meru trade types, often sold as bundled twigs)", "Wild or feral Catha edulis (uncultivated East African populations)", "Ornamental / botanical-garden specimens (non-chewing horticultural stock)" ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-kinds-q01", "text": "Which of these kinds and varieties hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-identifiers", "name": "Identifiers and schemes", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "scheme": "Wikidata", "value_or_pattern": "Q207642", "note": "Item for the species Catha edulis." }, { "scheme": "ITIS TSN", "value_or_pattern": "506084", "note": "Integrated Taxonomic Information System taxonomic serial number." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-identifiers-q01", "text": "Which of these identifiers and schemes hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation", "name": "Standards and regulation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "UN 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances: cathinone (Schedule I) and cathine (Schedule III), as administered by INCB/WHO scheduling.", "US CSA: cathinone is a Schedule I controlled substance (DEA); Catha edulis plant material is treated as containing that substance in US enforcement practice.", "National bans or controls on khat plant material in much of Europe, North America, and parts of Asia; licensed or customary use remains in Yemen, Ethiopia, Somalia, Djibouti, Kenya, and some neighbouring markets." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-standards-and-regulation-q01", "text": "Which of these standards and regulation hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-real-world-use", "name": "Real-world use", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Fresh young shoots and leaves are bundled and chewed in social sessions (khat / qat / miraa markets in Yemen, Ethiopia, Somalia, Kenya).", "Alkaloids are extracted or isolated for forensic, pharmaceutical, and illicit analogue chemistry (cathinone as a parent of synthetic cathinones).", "Botanical identification in customs, forensic, and conservation herbaria.", "Occasional ornamental or ethnobotanical cultivation outside the native range." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-real-world-use-q01", "text": "Which of these real-world use hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-measurements", "name": "Typical measurements", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "quantity": "Cathinone content of fresh young leaves", "typical_range": "about 0.3-2.0 (highly variable with freshness and cultivar)", "unit": "mg/g fresh weight" }, { "quantity": "Leaf/shoot bundle mass as sold", "typical_range": "100-400", "unit": "g per retail bundle" }, { "quantity": "Plant height at maturity", "typical_range": "1-8 (occasionally taller as a small tree)", "unit": "m" } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-measurements-q01", "text": "Which of these typical measurements hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards", "name": "Failure modes and hazards", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Rapid post-harvest loss of cathinone (conversion to cathine), so delayed transport yields a weaker, more cathine-dominant product.", "Acute stimulant toxicity: tachycardia, hypertension, insomnia, anorexia; dependence and psychiatric effects with heavy chronic use.", "Legal seizure of plant material and derived cathinones in jurisdictions that schedule the plant or its alkaloids.", "Oral and dental disease from prolonged chewing; possible association with cardiovascular events in heavy users." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-failure-modes-and-hazards-q01", "text": "Which of these failure modes and hazards hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-regional-variation", "name": "Regional variation", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ "Horn of Africa and Yemen: everyday social chewing crop with named local cultivars and wet-market grades.", "Kenya: sold as miraa (Nyambene/Meru production, air-freighted while still fresh).", "Europe, North America, Australia: plant and/or alkaloids generally prohibited; encountered mainly as seized consignments or in diaspora informal trade.", "Arabic qat/gat vs Somali/qaad vs Swahili miraa vs English khat - same species, different trade names." ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-regional-variation-q01", "text": "Which of these regional variation hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] }, { "id": "evidence-neighbours", "name": "Neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart", "description": "Reported by the breadth pass; each item needs checking against its source before it becomes normative.", "evidence": [ { "name": "Ephedra spp. (ephedrine-containing shrubs)", "difference": "Different family (Ephedraceae); chemistry is ephedrine/pseudoephedrine, not cathinone/cathine; morphology is jointed stems rather than Celastraceae leaves." }, { "name": "Catha transvaalensis and other southern African Catha", "difference": "Distinct species; not the commercial chewing khat of Yemen/Horn of Africa; confirm with flora keys and, if needed, alkaloid profile." }, { "name": "Synthetic cathinones (\"bath salts\")", "difference": "Laboratory-made analogues (mephedrone, MDPV, etc.), not plant material; identified by GC-MS/LC-MS rather than botanical characters." }, { "name": "Tea (Camellia sinensis) or other chewed greens in transit", "difference": "Wrong family and chemistry; khat has characteristic Celastraceae leaf venation and cathinone/cathine on analysis." } ], "questions": [ { "id": "evidence-neighbours-q01", "text": "Which of these neighbouring kinds and how to tell them apart hold for the sense of Catha edulis this model covers, and on what evidence?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "openQuestions": [ "Which regional look-alikes most often cause Catha edulis misidentification, and which validated characters distinguish sterile or fragmented specimens from them?", "Which named cultivars or local forms have documented botanical or genetic support rather than only trade usage?", "What evidence establishes suitable environmental ranges and diagnostic stress indicators across provenances and developmental stages?", "How do organ maturity, elapsed time and preservation conditions affect alkaloid measurements, and which sampling protocols adequately represent heterogeneous lots?", "Where should the catalogue boundary fall between identifiable dried or powdered botanical material and a processed product requiring a neighbouring model?" ], "statistics": { "bundles": 6, "layers": 11, "findings": 18, "questions": 28 } }, "draft": { "generator": "vr.draft.v3", "status": "draft-generated", "researched": false, "archetype": "organism", "method": "Written from the archetype playbook - what this kind of thing needs beyond identity and provenance - and from the structure that recurred across 6,333 models already researched by two engines. Applied to this entry by rule. No source was read for this thing and no claim here is researched. This entry carries no facets of its own, so they were inferred from its domain - a guess about a whole domain applied to one thing.", "facetsInferred": true, "nextPass": "A researcher replaces this draft with a sourced specification. Treat every sentence below as a proposal to argue with.", "purpose": "Give an agent a durable, checkable way to recognise a Catha edulis, record what state it is in, and decide what may be done with it.", "whatItIs": "Enable an AI agent to recognise Catha edulis, assess a living specimen or attributable plant material, and determine which care, sampling, movement or disposition actions are justified.", "characteristics": { "substance": "living", "origin": "natural", "agency": "autonomous", "mobility": "self-moving" }, "whatYouCanDoWithIt": [ "observed and measured" ], "distinguishingFeatures": [ "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which is a measure of how widely the thing is known, not of how important it is." ], "openQuestionsForResearch": [ "Which of the bundles below does a real task actually need, and which are ceremony?", "What does this thing have that the facets do not capture at all?", "Which neighbouring kind is most often confused with a Catha edulis, and on what evidence are they told apart?" ], "whatItIsMadeOf": "a living thing", "physicalCharacter": [ "Moves under its own power or of its own accord.", "Acts on its own behalf.", "These come from the domain this entry sits in rather than from the entry itself, so treat them as a first guess about the whole domain applied to one thing." ], "whatCanBeDoneWithIt": [ "observe it, measure it, record its state" ], "howItIsRecognised": [ "Recognised by diagnostic characters, and those differ by life stage - the young of many kinds are mistaken for other kinds entirely. A sighting is settled by characters, a photograph and a place, not by a name alone." ], "relatedModels": [], "standing": "Described in 63 Wikipedia languages, which measures how widely it is written about rather than how important or how common it is.", "structure": { "bundles": [ { "id": "identity-and-classification", "name": "Identity, naming and classification", "description": "How an agent tells one Catha edulis from another, and a Catha edulis from things that resemble it.", "rationale": "Recognition comes before every other claim. Without stable identity nothing else in the model can be trusted to be about the same thing twice.", "layers": [ { "id": "naming-and-identifiers", "name": "Names and identifiers", "description": "The names this thing goes by and the identifiers that survive translation and time.", "findings": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases", "name": "Preferred name, aliases and local names", "description": "Which name to use, which names mean the same thing, and which merely sound similar.", "questions": [ { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the name of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the name of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "preferred-name-and-aliases-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the name of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers", "name": "Stable identifiers and external keys", "description": "Identifiers that keep pointing at this kind of thing across systems and languages.", "questions": [ { "id": "stable-identifiers-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an identifier for a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an identifier for a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stable-identifiers-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an identifier for a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "classification-and-granularity", "name": "Classification and granularity", "description": "Where a Catha edulis sits among kinds, and how finely a task needs to cut it.", "findings": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents", "name": "Kind, parents and neighbouring kinds", "description": "The classes this thing belongs to and the ones it is next to.", "questions": [ { "id": "kind-and-parents-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the kind of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the kind of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "kind-and-parents-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the kind of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features", "name": "Distinguishing features", "description": "What separates a Catha edulis from the things most often confused with it.", "questions": [ { "id": "distinguishing-features-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes what distinguishes a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about what distinguishes a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "distinguishing-features-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once what distinguishes a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "form-and-composition", "name": "Form, composition and condition", "description": "What a Catha edulis is made of, what shape and size it takes, and what state it is in.", "rationale": "A physical thing can be measured, and a model that cannot record its measurements cannot support any decision that depends on them.", "layers": [ { "id": "form-and-dimensions", "name": "Form and dimensions", "description": "Shape, size, mass and the ranges these take across examples.", "findings": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions", "name": "Measurable dimensions and their units", "description": "The quantities worth recording and the units they are recorded in.", "questions": [ { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the dimensions of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the dimensions of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "measurable-dimensions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the dimensions of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "material-and-composition", "name": "Material and composition", "description": "Anatomy, parts and life stage.", "findings": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials", "name": "Parts and life stages", "description": "The parts of a Catha edulis and the stages it passes through.", "questions": [ { "id": "parts-and-materials-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the composition of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the composition of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "parts-and-materials-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the composition of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "condition-and-integrity", "name": "Condition and integrity", "description": "Wear, damage, health and the difference between working and broken.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition, damage and health", "description": "How the condition of a Catha edulis is judged and by whom.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the condition of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the condition of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the condition of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "place-and-movement", "name": "Place and movement", "description": "Where a Catha edulis is, how it got there and where it may go (self-moving).", "rationale": "A thing that can move needs its position recorded with a time, or every later claim about it is about a place it has left.", "layers": [ { "id": "location-and-placement", "name": "Location and placement", "description": "Position, containment and the reference frame the position is given in.", "findings": [ { "id": "position-and-frame", "name": "Position, container and reference frame", "description": "Where a Catha edulis is, and what that position is measured against.", "questions": [ { "id": "position-and-frame-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the location of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the location of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "position-and-frame-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the location of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "movement-and-transfer", "name": "Movement and transfer", "description": "How a Catha edulis moves on its own.", "findings": [ { "id": "movement-events", "name": "Movement events and constraints", "description": "What counts as a movement, what records it and what limits it.", "questions": [ { "id": "movement-events-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the movement of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the movement of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "movement-events-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the movement of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "state-and-lifecycle", "name": "State and lifecycle", "description": "The states a Catha edulis passes through and the events that move it between them.", "rationale": "Most decisions about a thing depend on what state it is in now, which is a claim with a time on it, not a property.", "layers": [ { "id": "lifecycle-stages", "name": "Lifecycle stages", "description": "From coming into existence to ceasing to be one of these.", "findings": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions", "name": "Stages and transitions", "description": "The stages worth naming and what moves a Catha edulis between them.", "questions": [ { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the lifecycle of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the lifecycle of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "stages-and-transitions-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the lifecycle of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "observations-and-status", "name": "Observations and current status", "description": "What is observed about a Catha edulis, how often and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "observation-record", "name": "Observation record", "description": "How an observation of a Catha edulis is recorded so that it can be superseded rather than overwritten.", "questions": [ { "id": "observation-record-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes an observation of a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about an observation of a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "observation-record-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once an observation of a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "taxonomic-placement", "name": "Taxonomic placement and identification", "description": "What Catha edulis is called scientifically, by whose authority, and how a specimen is recognised.", "rationale": "Names change with revisions while the organism does not, so a name without its authority and date cannot be reconciled later.", "layers": [ { "id": "accepted-name", "name": "Accepted name and synonymy", "description": "The current binomial, its author and date, and the names it replaced.", "findings": [ { "id": "name-and-authority", "name": "Accepted name, authority and synonyms", "description": "What to record so a later revision can be applied without losing the old data.", "questions": [ { "id": "name-and-authority-q01", "text": "What is the accepted scientific name of Catha edulis, with its author and year, and which synonyms does it absorb?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "name-and-authority-q02", "text": "Which taxonomic authority is being followed, and what would a competing authority say?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] }, { "id": "field-identification", "name": "Field identification", "description": "The characters that separate Catha edulis from what it is confused with.", "findings": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters", "name": "Diagnostic characters and confusable kinds", "description": "Features that settle an identification, and those that only suggest it.", "questions": [ { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q01", "text": "Which observable characters distinguish Catha edulis from its closest look-alikes, and at which life stage are they visible?", "kind": "boundary" }, { "id": "diagnostic-characters-q02", "text": "What evidence is enough to record an identification as confirmed rather than provisional?", "kind": "provenance" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "life-cycle-and-condition", "name": "Life stages, condition and behaviour", "description": "What Catha edulis does over its life and how its state is judged.", "rationale": "Stage and condition change what may be done - handled, treated, harvested, left alone - and both are observations with a time.", "layers": [ { "id": "stages-and-reproduction", "name": "Stages and reproduction", "description": "Development from origin to death, including forms that look like different animals.", "findings": [ { "id": "life-stages", "name": "Life stages and their marks", "description": "The stages worth recording and what tells them apart.", "questions": [ { "id": "life-stages-q01", "text": "What stages does Catha edulis pass through, and what observable change marks each transition?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "life-stages-q02", "text": "Which stages are so unlike the adult that they are mistaken for another kind?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "health-and-condition", "name": "Health and condition", "description": "How condition is assessed and by whom.", "findings": [ { "id": "condition-assessment", "name": "Condition assessment", "description": "Signs of health, injury and stress, and who is competent to judge them.", "questions": [ { "id": "condition-assessment-q01", "text": "How is the condition of Catha edulis judged, on what scale, and by whom?", "kind": "measurement" }, { "id": "condition-assessment-q02", "text": "What condition obliges an agent to act, and what act is permitted to whom?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "range-and-status", "name": "Habitat, range and conservation status", "description": "Where Catha edulis lives and how threatened it is.", "rationale": "Range and status govern what is lawful, and both are assessments with an assessor and a year rather than facts of nature.", "layers": [ { "id": "habitat-and-range", "name": "Habitat and range", "description": "Native range, introductions and the habitat it needs.", "findings": [ { "id": "range-record", "name": "Range, introductions and habitat", "description": "What to record about where it is found and how it got there.", "questions": [ { "id": "range-record-q01", "text": "What is the native range of Catha edulis, where has it been introduced, and what habitat does it require?", "kind": "definition" }, { "id": "range-record-q02", "text": "What distinguishes a native record from an introduced or vagrant one?", "kind": "boundary" } ] } ] }, { "id": "protection-status", "name": "Protection and legal status", "description": "Conservation assessments and the rules that follow from them.", "findings": [ { "id": "status-and-rules", "name": "Conservation status and legal consequence", "description": "The assessment, its date, and what it forbids or requires where.", "questions": [ { "id": "status-and-rules-q01", "text": "What conservation status does Catha edulis hold, under which assessment and year?", "kind": "provenance" }, { "id": "status-and-rules-q02", "text": "What does that status forbid or require of an agent, and in which jurisdiction?", "kind": "action" } ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "provenance-and-evidence", "name": "Provenance, evidence and time", "description": "Where every claim about a Catha edulis came from and when it held.", "rationale": "A claim without a source and a time cannot be superseded, only overwritten, and an agent that overwrites loses the ability to explain itself.", "layers": [ { "id": "source-and-authority", "name": "Source and authority", "description": "Who said it, on what evidence, and how strongly.", "findings": [ { "id": "claim-provenance", "name": "Claim provenance and confidence", "description": "The authority behind each claim about a Catha edulis and how confident it is.", "questions": [ { "id": "claim-provenance-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes a claim about a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about a claim about a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "claim-provenance-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once a claim about a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] }, { "id": "time-and-versions", "name": "Time, versions and supersession", "description": "When a claim was true, when it was learnt, and what replaced it.", "findings": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession", "name": "Validity period and supersession", "description": "How an old claim about a Catha edulis is retired without being erased.", "questions": [ { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q01", "text": "What identifies and describes the validity of a claim about a Catha edulis, and in what units or vocabulary?", "kind": "definition", "answer_data": [ "identifiers", "types and classes", "values with units", "explicit unknowns" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q02", "text": "Who or what asserted this about the validity of a claim about a Catha edulis, by which method, and when was it true?", "kind": "provenance", "answer_data": [ "authority", "method", "evidence", "event time", "knowledge time" ] }, { "id": "validity-and-supersession-q03", "text": "What may an agent decide or do once the validity of a claim about a Catha edulis is known, and what must it refuse?", "kind": "action", "answer_data": [ "permitted actions", "preconditions", "refusals", "escalation" ] } ] } ] } ] } ] }, "statistics": { "bundles": 8, "layers": 17, "findings": 19, "questions": 51 } } } }